Psychology: Chapter 12

persistent fear of a specific object or situation

specific phobia

Why do mental health workers use the DSM V?

to classify psychological disorders

confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases symptom of neurological or mental disorder (common in schizophrenia)

word salad

Why is the classification of psychological disorders so important to mental health care?

would not be able to communicate and scientific progess would stop

tendency to attribute one's behavior to internal and external factors, stable or unstable factors, and global or specific factors

attributional styles

mood alternate between two extreme poles (elation and depression); manic depression

bipolar disorder

mood alternates between two extreme poles (elation and depression); manic depression

bipolar disorder

characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, mood, and lack of impulse control

borderline personality disorder

fear of tight, small places

claustrophobia

fussy, neat, perfectionist, punctual, formal to extreme

complusive personality

persistent gross disturbances in eating patterns (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa)

eating disorders

inappropriate smiling or silliness (growing less common)

hebephrenic schizophrenia

In dissociative _________ disorder, the person behaves as if distinct personalities occupy the body.

identity

Depressed people are more likely than other people to make _______ (internal or external) attributions for failures

internal

possible explanation for some depressive behavior, based on findings that organism in aversive situations learn to show inactivity when their behavior not reinforced

learned helplessness

repetition of self-defeating habits

neurosis

anxiety provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational beyond control

obsession

Behavior is labeled abnormal when it is unusual, is socially unacceptable, involves faulty __________ of reality (as with hallucinations), and is dangerous, self-defeating, or distressing.

perception

symptoms of schizophrenia that indicate the presence of inappropriate behavior such as hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and inappropriate giggling

positive symptoms

personality disorder characterized by social withdrawal

schizoid personality disorder

Personality Disorder: oddities of thought and behavior but not involving bizarre psychotic behavior

schizotypal personality disorder

characterized by oddities of thoughts and behavior but not involving bizarre psychotic behaviors

schizotypal personality disorder

alternate between extreme happiness and deep depression (Bipolar Disorder)

Manic-Depression

easily hurt, reluctant to become involved with people, avoid contact with others, shyness in social situations, feeling socially inept

avoidant personality

attributing unusual behavior and psychological disorders to demons and supernatural forces

demonological model

one feels detached from oneself or that one's surroundings aren't real

depersonalization-derealization disorder

hormone secreted by adrenal glands, especially during stress, increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism

adrenaline

another name for mood disorders

affective disorder

may continue activities but forget who they are

amnesia

(psychopath, sociopath) use resources in an unproductive way, disregard right or wrong, persistent lying or deceit to exploit, manipulative, sense of superiority, violate rights of others, lack empathy/remorse, poor/abusive relationships, can't recognize negative actions

antisocial character

a progressive form of mental deterioration characterized by loss of memory, language, problem solving, and other cognitive functions

Alzheimer's Disease

manual of psychological disorders compiled by the American Psychiatric Association

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders (DSM V)

About twice as many women as me are diagnosed with major depression each year. What are some of the possible reasons for this gender difference?

More likely to experience physical and sexual abuse, poverty, single parenthood, and sexism.

Personality Disorder: social withdrawal

Schizod personality disorder

an important tool for mental health workers

diagnosis

unconsciously perform acts that can not be remembered momoents later

fugue

erroneous beliefs that one is being victimized or persecuted

ideas of persecution

somatoform disorder characterized by persistent belief that one is ill despite lack of medical findings

illness anxiety disorder

inappropriate laughter and happiness

mania

personality trait characterized largely by persistent anxiety

neuroticism

In ___________ - ___________ disorder, people are troubled by intrusive thoughts or impulses to repeat some activity.

obsessive-compulsive

characterized by persistent suspiciousness but not involving the disorganization of paranoid schizophrenia

paranoid personality disorder

Type of Schizophrenia: feelings of being persecuted (most common)

paranoid schizophrenia

disorder that follows a distressing event outside the range of normal human experience that is characterized by features such as intense fear, avoidance

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

neurotransmitter involved in emotional arousal and sleep; deficiencies of serotonin have been linked to eating disorders, alcoholism, depression, aggression, and insomnia

serotonin

fear of high places

acrophobia

fear of open, crowded places

agoraphobia

life threatening eating disorder characterized by extreme fear of being too heavy; dramatic weight loss, distorted body image, resistance to eating enough to maintain healthy weight

anorexia nervosa

person who is in frequent conflict with society, yet who is undeterred by punishment and experiences; little or no guilt or anxiety

antisocial personality disorder

disorders characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax

anxiety disorders

person unwilling to enter into relationships without assurance of acceptance because of fears of rejection and criticism

avoidant personality disorder

The psychotic disorder known as __________ is characterized by impaired motor activity and waxy flexibility.

catatonic

explains psychological disorders in terms of biological vulnerabilities, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors

contemporary psychological model

anxiety or unconscious conflicts are "converted" into physical symptoms that often have the effect of helping the person cope with anxiety or conflict

conversion disorder

feared emotion is repressed, then converted unconsciously into a sensory disability

conversion reaction

doing the thing you most fear

counterphobic behavior

disorders in which there are sudden, temporary changes in consciousness or self-identity

dissociative disorders

disorder in which a person appears to have 2 or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge

dissociative identity disorder (DID) (also known as Multiple Personality Disorder)

any of a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

estrogen

Manic people may have grand delusional schemes and show rapid _______ of ideas.

flight

the induction of a state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction

hypnosis

characterized by misinterpretation of physical symptoms and fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance

hypochondriasis

(histrionic) dramatic, self-centered, wants attention, flirty, provocative behavior, obsessed with self-image, emotional instability

hysterical personality

French term descriptive of lack of concern for their (imagined) medical problem sometimes shown by people with conversion disorders

la belle indifference

elated, showing excessive excitement

manic

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes, impair ability to function

mood disorders

rare, complex; different personalities living in one person

multiple personality disorder

refusal to talk

mutism

exaggerates self-importance, achievements, and talents; need admiration, lack understanding of others' feelings, belittle others, harbor secret feeling of insecurity, shame and vulnerability

narcissistic personality

A ________ is an irrational, excessive fear.

phobia

Slowness in motor activity and (apparently) in thought

psychomotor retardation

serious mental impairment in old age caused by physical deterioration of the brain

senile psychosis

an irrational, excessive fear of public scrutiny

social anxiety disorder

a person with a personality disorder manifesting itself in extreme antisocial attitudes and behavior and a lack of conscience

sociopath

How is a phobic disorder different from a panic disorder?

Phobic - excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations Panic - abrupt anxiety attack that is apparently unrelated to specific objects or situations

the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity

addiction

severe upheaval of feelings, distorted emotions

affective psychosis

People with dissociative _________ forget their own identities but retain general knowledge and skills.

amnesia

psychotic disorder characterized by persistent false beliefs

delusional disorder

similar to paranoid type; more obvious personality disorganization; displayed in bizarre, silly, or infantile behavior

disorganized schizophrenia

dissociative disorder marked by loss of memory or self identity, skills and general knowledge usually retained

dissociative amnesia

recurrent experiencing of attacks of extreme anxiety in the absence of external stimuli that usually elicit anxiety

panic disorder

people complain of physical (somatic) problems even though no physical abnormality can be found

somatoform disorder

can be traced to a bad experience or memory

unreasonable fear

What are the 6 criteria for behaviors or mental processes to be considered a psychological disorder?

They are unusual They suggest faulty perception or interpretation of reality They suggest severe personal distress They are self-defeating They are dangerous The individuals behavior is socially unacceptable

like PTSD, characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness and caused by a traumatic event; occurs within a month of the event and lasts 2 days to 4 weeks

acute stress disorder

psychological disorders in terms of biological vulnerabilities, psychological factors (exposure to stress and sociocultural factors such as family relationships and cultural beliefs)

biopsychosocial model

very strange or unusual

bizarre

fears abandonment, impulsive, not good in relationships, intense mood swings, self-injurious and suicidal behaviors, chronic feeling of emptiness, unstable

borderline personality

psychotic condition characterized by striking motor impairment

catatonia

withdrawn, uncommunicative, motionless behavior, long periods of immobility, "frozen" postures and general unresponsiveness (may alternate with uncontrollable excitement)

catatonic schizophrenia

grouping words, unusually rhyming words, that are based on similar-sounding sounds, even though the words themselves don't have any logical reason to be grouped together (Common in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia)

clang associations

seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety

compulsion

false, persistent beliefs that are unsubstantiated by sensory or objective evidence

delusions

Common Cold of Mental Health?

depression

neurotransmitter that affects the ability to perceive pleasure, voluntary movement, and learning and memory; it's involved in Parkinson's Disease and appears to play a role in Schizophrenia

dopamine

mood disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least 2 years

dysthymic disorder

perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality

hallucinations

a disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite, and social behavior; characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and loss of interest

major depression

serious to severe depressive disorder which the person may show loss of appetite psychomotor retardation, and impaired reality testing

major depressive disorder

assumes illnesses have physical or biological causes that can be identified and that people afflicted by them are to be cured with treatment or therapy

medical model

symptoms of schizophrenia that reflect the absence of appropriate behavior, such as blank faces, monotonic voices, and motionless bodies

negative symptoms

These 3 general treatments will help with what? gain control over early life experiences desensitize or retain using behavioral techniques pharmacological substances

neurosis

reason for apprehension is not obvious or there is an exaggerated reaction

neurotic anxiety

use rituals to help ego master the anxiety

neurotic compulsion

do not know why depression exists

neurotic depression

anxiety disorder defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control (obsessions) an seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce anxiety (compulsions)

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

personality ttraits, troublesome and persistent

personality disorders

lose touch with reality

psychosis

physical disorder with emotional cause

psychosomatic disease

reaction is far out of proportion of the situation

psychotic depression

after a severe schizophrenic episode, a person may continue to show signs of the disorder

residual schizophrenia

groups of serious mental disorders (psychoses) characterized by: disturbed thinking, odd speech patterns, illogical thinking bizarre behavior

schizophrenia

may forget unwanted memories (consciously or unconsciously) -> defense mechanism

selective forgetting

sleepwalking

somnambulism

serious and often persistent mental illnesses characterized by disturbances in reality orientation, thinking, and social involvement (found in schizophrenia)

thought disorder

symptoms are so mixed or indefinite that they don't fit into any single type of schizophrenia

undifferentiated schizophrenia

feelings of dread and foreshadowing and sympathetic arousal of at least duration

generalized anxiety disorder

patterns of behavior or mental processes that are connected with emotional distress or significant impairment in functioning

psychological disorders

4 general categories of diagnosis?

Neurosis, Personality Disorders, Psychosomatic Disease, Psychosis

person cannot remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified

psychogenic amnesia

What type of disorders are the following: specific phobic disorders, social anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorders.

anxiety disorders

In ________ ________ disorder, people complain of physical problems or persist in believing they have a serious disease, even though no medical problem can be found.

illness anxiety

_____________ disorders are inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that impair personal or social functioning and are a source of distress to the individual or to others.

personality

enduring patterns of maladaptive behavior that are sources of distress to the individual or others

personality disorder

enduring patterns of maladaptive behavior that are sources of distress to the individuals of others

personality disorder

fear of something that seriously limit a person's freedom of movement

phobia

presence of delusion and hallucinations

psychotic episodes

rapid speech and topic changes, characteristic of manic behavior

rapid flight of ideas

people complain of physical (somatic) problems even though no physical abnormality can be found

somatoform

condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled

stupor

feature of catatonic schizophrenia in which people can be molded into postures that they maintain for quite sometime

waxy flexibility