Psychology Chapter 2
Gray matter in the brain consists of _________ neurons
non-myelinated
____________ is a neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions
Acetylcholine
Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. This is known as the__________.
All or none principle
Studies show that the ______ is connected with aggressive behavior in monkeys, cats, and other animals
Amygdala
Heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from _________ and depression to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcoholism, and personality disorders
Anxiety
Norepinephrine is involved in general ______ learning and memory and eating
Arousal
A neuron has an __________that extends like a trunk from the cell body
Axon
The presence of an extra __________ on the 21st pair causes Down's Syndrome
Chromosome
A _________________ scan reveals deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems
Computerized axial tomography
Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of ________
Dopamine
The process by which a neural impulse travel is _______
Electrochemical
The __________ is the body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine system
_________ intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety
Epinephrine
_______ relatives have a genetic overlap of about 50 percent
First-degree
Botulism disease stems from __________ and prevents the release of acetylcholine
Food poisoning
Monozygotic twins share 100 percent of their ______
Genes
_____ remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system
Gland cells
An _____ is a stereotypes pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation
Instinct
The _________ is a group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum
Limbic system
Testosterone stokes the growth of muscle and bone and the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in a ______ body
Male
Prolactin regulates ______ behavior in lower mammals
Maternal
The ______ of the brain plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing
Medulla
Heredity defines one's _____, which is based on biological structures and processes.
Nature
The ____ uses oxygen and nutrients to generate the energy needed to carry out the work of a neuron cell
Nucleus
The __________ division is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore the body's reserve of energy
Parasympathetic
________ represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture
Phenotype
The ______ gland lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland"
Pituitary
Some researchers consider the ___________ to be the "executive center" of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems
Prefrontal cortex
A _______ period is a time during which a neuron is insensitive to messages from other neurons
Refractory
The ___________ is vital in the functions of attention, sleep, and arousal
Reticular formation
Serotonin is involved in emotional arousal and ____
Sleep
In the brain and the ______ make up the central nervous system
Spinal Cord
A neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction called a ________
Synapse
The hearing or auditory area of the cortex lies in the _________ lobe along the lateral fissure of the cerebral cortex
Temporal
People with sever cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of ________________ is severed
The corpus callosum