Psychology Chapter 3

The ________ illusion tends to occur more in societies with lots of buildings that have straight lines and corners. a. Müller-Lyer b. convergence c. moon d. stroboscopic motion e. Hermann Grid

a. Müller-Lyer

________ pain is detected in the organs. a. Visceral b. Phantom limb c. Somatic d. Anhidrosis e. Kinesthetic

a. Visceral

Research has shown that subliminal perception: a. does not work in advertising. b. has a huge impact on people's buying habits. c. does not exist. d. works only in advertising certain products. e. worked in 1957, but is not as effective today.

a. does not work in advertising.

When you smell an odor, which aspect of the substance you are smelling actually enters your nose to create the sensation of smell? a. particles of the substance itself b. waves emitted by the substance c. chemicals secreted by the substance d. papillae emitted by the substance e. olfactory receptor cells, emitted from the substance

a. particles of the substance itself

One's tendency to perceive things in a certain way because of previous experience or expectation is called: a. perceptual set. b. an illusion. c. a binocular clue. d. a monocular clue. e. phi phenomenon.

a. perceptual set.

Sound wavelengths are interpreted by the brain as: a. pitch. b. volume. c. decibels. d. timbre. e. hertz.

a. pitch

What sensory receptors are triggered by chemical substances? a. receptors for taste and smell b. rods and cones c. auditory receptors d. hair cells e. visual receptors

a. receptors for taste and smell

A person will perceive a coin as a circle, even if it is held at an angle to appear to the eye as an oval, because of: a. shape constancy. b. size constancy. c. proximity. d. similarity. e. the cocktail party effect.

a. shape constancy.

Dr. Rafael wanted to see if he could get his students to develop a sudden craving for ice cream. While showing to his class a short video about eating disorders, he arranged it so that a picture of someone eating ice cream would flash for less than a second every 5 seconds. Following the video, more than half of the students in the class reported having a desire for ice cream. In Dr. Rafael's experiment, which of the following was demonstrated? a. subliminal perception b. habituation c. opera

a. subliminal perception

Thomas Young's theory of color vision: a. suggested that color vision is made possible by red, blue, and green cones. b. theorized that light is made up of four primary colors. c. suggested that color vision is made possible by red, yellow and blue cones. d. revealed that the eye must have a recovery period to adjust to variances in light exposure. e. was later disproved by the Trichromatic Theory.

a. suggested that color vision is made possible by red, blue, and green cones.

Kinesthetic sense involves: a. the location of body parts in relation to the ground and to each other. b. touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. c. movement and body position. d. hearing and vision. e. taste and smell.

a. the location of body parts in relation to the ground and to each other.

Full dark adaptation, such as going from constant light to sudden darkness when turning out one's bedroom lights, takes about: a. 10 minutes. b. 30 minutes. c. 60 minutes. d. 90 minutes. e. 120 minutes.

b. 30 minutes.

__________ literally means "distant feeling" and is commonly used to refer to the claimed ability to read another person's thoughts, or mind reading. a. Clairvoyance b. Telepathy c. Perception d. Precognition e. ESP

b. Telepathy

Cones are the special cells responsible for: a. noncolor sensitivity to low light. b. color vision. c. focusing images on the retina. d. visual accommodation. e. depth perception.

b. color vision.

People who are blind from birth, but later have their sight restored, are unlikely to develop: a. visual continuity. b. depth perception. c. visual contiguity. d. common region visualization. e. figure-ground relationships.

b. depth perception.

The olfactory bulbs are located: a. directly above the frontal lobes. b. directly below the frontal lobes. c. below the cilia. d. near the opening of the nasal passage. e. within each olfactory receptor cell.

b. directly below the frontal lobes.

Dara tends to have motion sickness while spinning around during her gymnastics routine. Her teacher advises her that she can avoid this problem by: a. letting her focus float freely. b. focusing her eyes on a distant, fixed object. c. paying more attention to her position along the x-, y-, and z-axes. d. trying not to blink her eyes. e. closing her eyes tightly.

b. focusing her eyes on a distant, fixed object.

In opponent-process theory, there are _______ primary colors. a. three b. four c. six d. ten e. two

b. four

While everyone else seemed to be enjoying the Chex Mix at the party, Jean was unable to eat it, noting that it was just "too seasoned for her taste." Based solely on her comment, one could probably assume that Jean _____. a. is picky b. is a supertaster c. has allergies to Chex Mix d. does not like Chex Mix e. is watching her weight

b. is a supertaster

Several hours after falling asleep, Naomi awakes realizing that she has to go to the bathroom. After turning on the bathroom light, it takes her eyes several seconds to adjust to the brightness of the room. In this example, Naomi is experiencing ________. a. dark adaptation b. light adaptation c. brightness adjustment d. illumination modification e. visual accommodation

b. light adaptation

You're in your car driving down the highway and you notice that as you look down the straight road, the sides of the road seem to merge together at some point. Which cue of depth perception best relates to this visual experience? a. relative size b. linear perspective c. aerial perspective d. motion parallax e. accommodation

b. linear perspective

Randy and Amad are both listening to the same music. Randy thinks the music is mellow and relaxing while Amad thinks the music is unpleasant to the ear. Randy and Amad appear to have different _______ when it comes to the music they are listening to. a. sensations b. perceptions c. thresholds d. measures of frequency e. proximities

b. perceptions

While on a class field trip, Erika was mistakenly guided away from her group because she was standing closer to students from another class. The rule of perception to which this mix-up may best relate is _______. a. similarity b. proximity c. continuity d. closure e. contiguity

b. proximity

Darren mixes white paint in with some of his blue to enhance the look of the sky in his painting. By adding white, Darren has just altered the ______ of his blue paint color. a. brightness b. saturation c. reflection d. amplitude e. color

b. saturation

You get into your car and the radio is on. The volume appears to be extra loud, so you turn it down to a more comfortable level. After a while, the once comfortable level seems to be too low, so you turn up the volume. What has happened? a. transduction b. sensory adaptation c. habituation d. sensory fatigue e. absolute threshold

b. sensory adaptation

When you close your eyes and raise your hand above your head, you know where your hand is because of: a. the vestibular sense. b. the kinesthetic sense. c. your otolith organs. d. your semicircular canals. e. your sixth sense.

b. the kinesthetic sense.

If you stare at something for a long time, it does not disappear because: a. colors keep the eye from experiencing sensory adaptation. b. tiny movements of the eyes keep them from adapting to what they see. c. light waves are impervious to adaptation. d. the pupils dilate when you stare too long. e. the sensory receptors in the back of the eyes become more responsive to the constant visual stimulus.

b. tiny movements of the eyes keep them from adapting to what they see.

Dominique is making a rice dish for 5 people that requires 4 teaspoons of salt. If one were to add just one more teaspoon of salt to their rice after tasting it, half of the time he/she would be able to notice a difference. If Dominique decides to triple her recipe to feed 15 people, which would call for a total of 12 teaspoons of salt, how many teaspoons of salt would need to be added for a person to be able to taste the difference half of the time? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 8

c. 3

Which of the following statements related to culture and perception is TRUE? a. People in all cultures perceive the "devil's trident" as a two-dimensional drawing. b. Perceptual expectancies do not vary depending on culture. c. Culture can affect visual perception. d. People in all cultures perceive the "devil's trident" as a three-dimensional drawing. e. Not every culture perceives things.

c. Culture can affect visual perception.

________ sense is the body process that is mostly to blame if you become dizzy after a long ride on a carousel at the amusement park. a. Kinesthetic b. Congenital c. Vestibular d. Olfactory e. Skin

c. Vestibular

The linear perspective is an example of: a. a binocular cue. b. a muscular cue. c. a monocular cue. d. motion parallax. e. accommodation.

c. a monocular cue.

In the figure-ground relationship, one has a tendency to perceive objects: a. as switching back and forth. b. that are close to one another as part of the same grouping. c. as existing on a background. d. that look similar as being part of the same group. e. as complete even if they are incomplete.

c. as existing on a background.

The tendency to believe that the dummy, not the ventriloquist, is doing the talking is largely due to: a. proximity. b. similarity. c. contiguity. d. continuity. e. closure.

c. contiguity.

When you first put on your scarf, you can feel it quite easily. After a while, however, you forget that you are wearing a scarf at all—the sensation is gone. Which of the following processes is occurring? a. numbness b. sensory adaptation c. habituation d. sensory fatigue e. absolute threshold

c. habituation

All of the following are examples of sensation EXCEPT: _______. a. hearing a bell b. smelling a flower c. sleeping in a bed d. feeling the wind blow e. tasting a chocolate milkshake

c. sleeping in a bed

During her flight to Chicago, Ariel's plane experienced severe turbulence. As a result, Ariel became sick to her stomach. Ariel's sickness may be best explained by ______. a. the role of the kinesthetic sense b. her mother, who fed her before she left c. the sensory conflict theory d. the action of the proprioceptors e. the gate-control theory

c. the sensory conflict theory

Lindemann proposed that the most recent taste to be identified should be called: a. bitter. b. spicy. c. umami. d. MSG. e. salty.

c. umami.

_________ is the rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object. a. Proximity b. Overlap c. Accommodation d. Convergence e. Motion parallax

d. Convergence

Which of the following is TRUE about the moon illusion? a. It has to do with the angle at which one views the moon. b. It is explained by binocular disparity. c. It is due to convergence. d. It is due to the mind's misapplication of size constancy. e. It is due to the motion of the moon.

d. It is due to the mind's misapplication of size constancy.

Amber can hear the horn from the train that runs 20 miles away from her house 50% of the time that the horn toots. If she were any further away from the train, her chances of hearing the horn would decrease. In this situation, which of the following concepts is being demonstrated? a. just noticeable difference b. habituation c. sensory adaptation d. absolute threshold e. subliminal perception

d. absolute threshold

Closure is the tendency to: a. perceive objects that look similar as being part of the same group. b. perceive objects as existing on a background. c. experience visual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed. d. complete figures that are incomplete. e. perceive objects that are close to one another as part of the same grouping.

d. complete figures that are incomplete.

How many primary taste sensations have been identified by researchers? a. two b. three c. four d. five e. six

d. five

When Stephen looks out at a field of red, purple, and yellow tulips, he can only see shades of gray. His condition is: a. red-green color deficiency. b. red-yellow color deficiency. c. red-blue color deficiency. d. monochrome color blindness. e. blue-yellow color deficiency.

d. monochrome color blindness.

While walking past her bed, Crystal stomped her toe on the bed's post and experienced severe pain that eventually subsided. What type of pain did Crystal experience? a. visceral b. neuropathic c. stimulated d. somatic e. vestibular

d. somatic

The bumps on the tongue are called: a. taste buds. b. papillae. c. supertasters. d. taste receptors. e. olfactory receptor cells.

d. taste receptors.

In _________, a small, stationary light in a darkened room will appear to move because of the lack of cues to indicate that the light is not moving. a. the Müller-Lyer illusion b. stroboscopic motion c. convergence d. the autokinetic effect e. the phi phenomenon

d. the autokinetic effect

If you are experiencing habituation: a. your receptor cells are no longer sending signals to your brain. b. the lower centers of your brain are sending signals from sensory receptors to the cortex. c. you are detecting the difference between two stimuli. d. your sensory receptors are still responding to stimuli. e. your receptor cells themselves are less responsive to an unchanging stimulus.

d. your sensory receptors are still responding to stimuli.