psychology final review

When did the term stress enter scientific literature?

1930s

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

All-or-nothing thinking

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers

who developed psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

which of the following do NOT contribute to tension headaches? a. depression b. eyestrain c. skipping meals d. sleep deprivation

a. depression

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence.

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent far and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior

anxiety

which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any thier party unless mandated or permitted by law to

confidentiality

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician

group therapy

what is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

how a threat is perceived

Benefit of group therapy

it can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem

the relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________

meditation

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

cultural competence is a therapists understanding of, and attention to, ________

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

what is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

Client's unconscious desires

what principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

what principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Thoughts affect behavior

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

Type A

a(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergies, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

asthma

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

asylums

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

autism spectrum disorder

the concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

which group is play therapy often used to treat?

children

Addiction is often viewed as a(n) _________ disease.

chronic

in the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.

client's personal goals

humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy

client-centered

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

which term refers to mental or behavioral effort used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating

distress

people who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline

distress

ECT stands for ________.

electroconvulsive therapy

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person

paranoid

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

personality

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

in medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

possessed by demons

which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.

suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure

________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.

suicidal ideation

what is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

they tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.

A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.

threat; challenge

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

type B