Psychology Final Unit XII

People born in __________ during the month of __________ are at increased risk for schizophrenia. A) North America; February B) Asia; September C) Australia; February D) Europe; September E) South America; February

A) North America; February

Compared with those who suffer no disorder, those who abuse alcohol have __________ risk of committing suicide. Compared with the general population, those who have been depressed have __________ risk of committing suicide. A) a higher; a higher B) a lower; the same C) a higher; a lower D) the same; a higher E) a lower; a lower

A) a higher; a higher

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by... A) a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy the person. C) the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as signs of a disease. D) a continuous state of tension, apprehensions and autonomic nervous system arousal. E) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

A) a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

The symptoms of ___________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of __________. A) antisocial personality; schizophrenia B) major depression; bipolar disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder; phobias D) schizophrenia; obsessive-compulsive disorder E) major depression; alcohol abuse

A) antisocial personality; schizophrenia

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often... A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person. B) represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it. C) interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders. D) interfere with effective treatment of these disorders. E) prevent useful research on effective treatments.

A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

Mr. Hunt believes that he is the president of the United States and that he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from... A) delusions. B) obsessions. C) hallucinations. D) dissociative identity disorder. E) fugue.

A) delusions.

Learned helplessness is most closely associated with... A) depression. B) schizophrenia. C) compulsions. D) antisocial personality disorder. E) dissociative disorders.

A) depression.

DSM-5 focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to... A) facilitate the reliability of diagnoses. B) shorten the time it takes to make a diagnosis. C) avoid invading clients' psychological privacy. D) reduce the need for medial terminology in psychological assessments. E) lesson the possibility of lawsuits.

A) facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has indicated that the development of ADHD is a consequence of... A) genetic influences. B) a high-sugar diet. C) low-quality schools. D) a stressful family environment. E) permissive parenting.

A) genetic influences.

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke's therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a sliding board. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ___________ perspective. A) learning B) psychoanalytic C) cognitive D) humanistic E) biological

A) learning

Psychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that __________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia. A) neglectful child-rearing practices B) prenatal viral infections C) dopamine over-activity D) shrinkage of cerebral tissue E) genetic predispositions

A) neglectful child-rearing practices

Anxiety is considered disordered if it is... A) persistent and distressing. B) hard to control. C) genetically influenced. D) a biopsychosocial phenomenon. E) paired with depressive episodes.

A) persistent and distressing.

Psychiatrists and psychologists would be likely to identify agoraphobia as a psychological disorder because it is... A) personally dysfunctional. B) socially unacceptable. C) ethically unjustifiable. D) unconsciously motivated. E) considered immoral.

A) personally dysfunctional.

A conversion disorder is a type of ___________ disorder. A) somatic symptom B) personality C) dissociative D) anxiety E) mood

A) somatic symptom

Schizophrenia victims have difficulty focusing attention. This is most likely to be related to a smaller-than-normal... A) thalamus B) cerebellum. C) hypothalamus. D) pituitary gland. E) occipital lobe.

A) thalamus.

Which of the following is a common misconception about anorexia nervosa? A) People with anorexia commonly drop 15 percent below normal body weight. B) Anorexia is only a women's illness. C) Those at risk for anorexia are not influenced by cultural factors. D) People with anorexia are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. E) Families of people with anorexia tend to be overprotective.

B) Anorexia is only a women's illness.

Many clinicians diagnose disorders by using criteria listed in the... A) MSMA. B) DSM-5. C) PTSD. D) THC. E) ADHD.

B) DSM-5.

Some psychologists believe that due partly to broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been over diagnosing... A) panic disorder. B) PTSD. C) OCD. D) schizophrenia. E) bipolar disorder.

B) PTSD.

A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who have a(n) __________ disorder. A) dissociative B) antisocial personality C) dysthymic D) generalized anxiety E) obsessive-compulsive

B) antisocial personality

Panic attacks are most closely associated with... A) schizophrenia. B) anxiety disorders. C) dissociative disorders. D) mood disorders. E) personality disorders.

B) anxiety disorders.

We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a __________ perspective. A) learning B) biological C) psychoanalytic D) humanistic E) positive psychology

B) biological

In which disorder do people alternate between sates of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement? A) conversion disorder B) bipolar disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) schizophrenia E) dissociative identity disorder

B) bipolar disorder

During a stressful military battle, Fong suddenly went blind. When hypnotized by an army psychiatrist, his blandness vanished. Fong apparently suffered from a... A) dissociative disorder. B) conversion disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) bipolar disorder. E) post-traumatic stress disorder.

B) conversion disorder.

Stressful life events like the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of... A) schizophrenia. B) depression. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) social phobia. E) bipolar disorder.

B) depression.

Calvin Pott emphasizes that normal depression serves an adaptive function by slowing people down and preventing them from engaging in life-threatening behaviors. Mr. Pott's emphasis best illustrates the __________ perspective. A) social-cognitive B) evolutionary C) psychoanalytic D) learning E) humanistic

B) evoluntionary

The DSM-5 does NOT... A) include a classification of personality disorders. B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders. C) including a very broad range of psychological disorders. D) provide reliable guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders. E) list symptoms within descriptions of each disorder.

B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.

Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)... A) decrease in self-focused thinking. B) increased expectation of negative outcomes. C) increased externalization of blame. D) increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure. E) decrease in pessimistic explanatory style.

B) increased expectation of negative outcomes.

Judicial systems are responsible for making decisions regarding... A) manic behavior. B) insanity. C) catatonia. D) agoraphobia. E) disordered behavior.

B) insanity.

Melissa is fearful of men and refuses to go out on dates. Her therapist suggest that she is fearful because she was sexually abused by her father when she was young. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a __________ perspective. A) humanistic B) learning C) biological D) psychoanalytic E) trait

B) learning

Severely depressed individuals are especially likely to show reduced brain activity in the... A) right parietal lobe. B) left frontal lobe. C) right occipital lobe. D) left parietal lobe. E) right frontal lobe.

B) left frontal lobe.

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from... A) agoraphobia. B) major depressive disorder. C) PTSD. D) an antisocial personality disorder. E) schizophrenia.

B) major depressive disorder.

Ravi brushes his teeth 18 times a day. Each time, he uses exactly 83 strokes up and 83 strokes down. After he eats, he must brush twice with two different brands of toothpaste. Ravi suffers from a(n)... A) dysthymic disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) phobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder. E) bipolar disorder.

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called a(n)... A) bipolar disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) phobia. D) panic disorder. E) dissociative disorder.

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Using DSM-5 guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. This indicates that the DSM-5 is... A) biopsychosocial. B) reliable. C) medical. D) analytic. E) valid.

B) reliable.

Compulsions are best described as... A) persistent fears. B) repetitive behaviors. C) illusory sensations. D) suicidal thoughts. E) false beliefs.

B) repetitive behaviors.

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from... A) an obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) a panic disorder. D) a dissociative identity disorder. E) conversion disorder.

B) schizophrenia.

The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by... A) motivational conflict. B) self-blaming attributions. C) egocentrism. D) conscious role playing. E) feelings of ambivalence.

B) self-blaming attributions.

Some studies suggest that an anxiety gene affects the brain's level of the neurotransmitter... A) dopamine. B) serotonin. C) epinephrine. D) acetylcholine. E) testosterone.

B) serotonin.

It would be most difficult to use __________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures. A) the learning perspective B) the medial model C) the social-cognitive perspective D) a biopsychosocial approach E) psychoanalytic theory

B) the medical model.

Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least... A) one week. B) two weeks. C) two months. D) four months. E) one year.

B) two weeks.

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of... A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. E) bipolar disorder.

C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a __________ perspective. A) social-cognitive B) psychoanalytic C) biological D) humanistic E) learning

C) biological

Between 1994 and 2003, adolescents with strong mood swings were increasingly likely to be diagnosed as suffering from... A) panic disorder. B) illness anxiety disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) agoraphobia. E) major depression.

C) bipolar disorder.

Mania is most likely to be associated with a(n)... A) panic attack. B) phobia. C) bipolar disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder. E) antisocial personality disorder.

C) bipolar disorder.

In terms of the role of the family environment on eating disorders, research has discounted which of the following factors? A) higher rates of childhood obesity. B) competitive, high-achieving families C) childhood sexual abuse D) mother's preoccupation with weight and appearance E) higher-than-usual incidences of negative self-evaluation

C) childhood sexual abuse

False beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called... A) obsessions. B) compulsions. C) delusions. D) phobias. E) hallucinations.

C) delusions.

Because it is so pervasive, ___________ is often considered "the common cold" of psychological disorders. A) agoraphobia B) schizophrenia C) depression D) obsessive-compulsive disorder E) dissociation

C) depression

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with... A) panic attacks. B) schizophrenia. C) depression. D) phobias. E) dissociative disorders.

C) depression.

Ongoing patters of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as... A) deviant. B) antisocial. C) dysfunctional. D) catatonic. E) atypical.

C) dysfunctional.

The hallucinations experienced by those who suffer from schizophrenia an most likely to involve __________ things that are not there. A) seeing B) feeling C) hearing D) tasting E) smelling

C) hearing

Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of... A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) catatonia. C) illness anxiety disorder. D) mania. E) post-traumatic stress disorder.

C) illness anxiety disorder.

An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia __________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ___________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia. A) increase; increase B) do not increase; decrease C) increase; do into increase D) do not increase; increase E) decrease; do not increase

C) increase; do not increase

Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times every day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a __________ perspective. A) biological B) trait C) learning D) psychoanalytic E) humanistic

C) learning

The greatest shortcoming associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations... A) were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia. B) encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity. C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments. D) absolved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior. E) were applied only to mood disorders, not delusional disorders.

C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is... A) aggressive, persistent, and intentional. B) selfish, habitual, and avoidable. C) maladaptive, distressful, and dysfunctional. D) biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change. E) instinctual, obsessive, and harmful.

C) maladaptive, distressful, and dysfunctional.

One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions... A) have little effect on people's feelings of self-worth. B) are more characteristic of men than of women. C) may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression. D) do not coincide with actual episodes of depression. E) are more clearly associated with mania than with depression.

C) may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression.

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the... A) psychoanalytic theory. B) humanistic perspective. C) medical model. D) biopsychosocial approach. E) DSM-5.

C) medical model

To facilitate diagnostic reliability, the DSM-5 typically bases diagnoses on... A) chemical analyses of blood and urine samples. B) physiological measures of blood pressure, perspiration, and muscle tension. C) observable patterns of behavior. D) brain scans. E) analysis of genetic predispositions.

C) observable patters of behavior.

The anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions, seem especially likely to be hyperactive in those with... A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) a dissociative disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder. E) a mood disorder.

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate... A) dissociation. B) linage analysis. C) post-traumatic growth. D) the medical model. E) illness anxiety disorder.

C) post-traumatic growth.

According to the __________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses. A) biological B) learning C) psychoanalytic D) social-cognitive E) medical

C) psychoanalytic

Compared with people in many Western countries, people in China more often... A) experience anorexia nervosa. B) suffer from bipolar disorders. C) report physical symptoms of psychological distress. D) exhibit dissociative identity disorder. E) show signs of mania.

C) report physical symptoms of psychological distress.

In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "word salad"? A) panic disorder B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) schizophrenia D) dissociative disorder E) somatic symptom disorder

C) schizophrenia

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ___________ occurs worldwide. A) dissociative identity disorder B) anorexia nervosa C) schizophrenia D) susto E) bulimia

C) schizophrenia

Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to... A) generalized anxiety disorders. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) bipolar disorders. E) dissociative disorders.

C) schizophrenia.

Mr. Kalish, a long-term government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Mr. Kalish was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Kalish is most likely suffering from... A) dissociative identity disorder. B) agoraphobia. C) schizophrenia. D) panic disorder. E) an antisocial personal disorder.

C) schizophrenia.

If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrates the dangers of... A) the medical model. B) linkage analysis. C) self-fulfilling prophecies. D) the biopsychosocial approach. E) diagnostic labels.

C) self-fulfilling prophecies.

Individuals who are most vulnerable to anorexia are those who live in cultures that idealize... A) erotic plasticity. B) homeostasis. C) thin bodies. D) set points. E) strong family relationships.

C) thin bodies.

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of... A) DID. B) ADHD. C) OCD. D) PTSD. E) DSM.

D) PTSD.

The surging rates of violent crime in Western nations are best understood in terms of... A) the medical model. B) an evolutionary perspective. C) psychoanalytic theory. D) a biopsychosocial approach. E) learning theory.

D) a biopsychosocial approach.

During a heated argument with his father, Mike was suddenly unable to move his right arm. Medical examinations are unable to detect a physiological basis for the paralysis. It is likely that Mike suffers from... A) agoraphobia. B) illness anxiety disorder. C) a dissociative disorder. D) a conversion disorder. E) delusions.

D) a conversion disorder.

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by... A) a natural wariness of unfamiliar foods. B) mass media standards of appearance. C) bouts of depression an anxiety. D) a fear of social rejection. E) a chronically depressed mood.

D) a fear of social rejection.

Those with an avoidant personality disorder are most likely to display... A) a lack of guilt feelings. B) a sense of self-importance. C) shallow attention-getting emotions. D) a fear of social rejection. E) a chronically depressed mood.

D) a fear of social rejection.

Anxiety about being in places or situations fro which escape might be difficult is indicative of... A) an obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) a dysthymic disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) agoraphobia. E) bipolar disorder.

D) agoraphobia.

Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by... A) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness. B) the simultaneous experience of delusions of persecution and delusions or grandeur. C) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently intrude into conscious awareness. D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. E) a chronic lack of guilt feelings.

D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by... A) an unusually high rate of metabolism. B) cyclical fluctuations between extreme thinness and obesity. C) frequent migraine headaches. D) an obsessive fear of becoming obese. E) binge-eating episodes.

D) an obsessive fear of becoming obese.

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weights only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from... A) bulimia nervosa. B) obesity. C) an abnormally low set point. D) anorexia nervosa. E) hyper-metabolism.

D) anorexia nervosa.

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are... A) obsessions, compulsions, and delusions. B) genetics, culture, and self-awareness. C) optimism, pessimism, and perfectionism. D) anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity. E) depression, mania, and catatonia.

D) anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity.

Individuals diagnosed with __________ experience a normal but delayed thinning of the frontal cerebral cortex. A) depression B) illness anxiety disorder C) generalized anxiety disorder D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder E) mood disorder

D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

It has been suggested that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to the survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the __________ perspective. A) humanistic B) learning C) psychoanalytic D) biological E) social-cognitive

D) biological

Compared with men, women are much more likely to be diagnosed as suffering from... A) antisocial personality disorder. B) a bipolar disorder. C) alcoholism. D) depression. E) post-traumatic stress disorder.

D) depression.

Self-blaming attributions are most likely to be associated with... A) schizophrenia. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) phobias. D) depression. E) personality disorders.

D) depression.

Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display... A) a lack of guilt feelings. B) delusions of persecution. C) apathy and lack of energy. D) dramatic, attention-getting behaviors. E) delusions and hallucinations.

D) dramatic, attention-getting behaviors.

Noah's therapist suggests that Noah developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a __________ perspective. A) humanistic B) social-cognitive C) trait D) psychoanalytic E) biological

D) psychoanalytic

People are more likely to recover from __________ schizophrenia than from __________ schizophrenia. A) acute; reactive B) paranoid; disorganized C) chronic; acute D) reactive; process E) disorganized; paranoid

D) reactive; process

The incidence of major depression is greatest among those... A) reared together with a non-twin sibling who suffers the disorder. B) reared apart from a fraternal twin who suffers the disorder. C) reared together with a fraternal twin who suffers the disorder. D) reared apart from an identical twin who suffers the disorder. E) reared together with an adopted sibling who suffers the disorder.

D) reared apart from an identical twin who suffers the disorder.

Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor... A) mania. B) catatonia. C) dissociation. D) resiliency. E) denial.

D) resiliency.

A short attention span is an early warning sign of... A) agoraphobia. B) panic disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) schizophrenia. E) antisocial personality disorder.

D) schizophrenia.

People who suffer chronic depression are at high risk for experiencing... A) unrealistic optimism. B) reduced self-awareness. C) excessive levels of norepinephrine. D) social rejection. E) hallucinations and delusions.

D) social rejection.

Which perspective suggests that explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable, and internal contributes to depression? A) psychoanalytic B) biological C) learning D) social-cognitive E) humanistic

D) social-cognitive

Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women are more likely to respond to negative life events with self-focused rumination. This suggestion best illustrates a __________ perspective. A) humanistic B) biological C) psychoanalytic D) social-cognitive E) medical

D) social-cognitive.

Groups that are most likely to hurt themselves by NSSI are... A) the elderly. B) new parents. C) people experiencing a midlife crisis. D) infants and toddlers. E) adolescent and young adults.

E) adolescent and young adults.

About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. Shelley most clearly suffers from... A) hyper-metabolism. B) excess PYY. C) an abnormally low set point. D) bulimia nervosa. E) anorexia nervosa.

E) anorexia nervosa.

In a study by David Rosenhan (1973), researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of... A) the medical model. B) psychoanalytic theory. C) hallucinations. D) linkage analysis. E) diagnostic labels.

E) diagnostic labels.

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of... A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) dysthymic disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) agoraphobia. E) dissociation.

E) dissociation.

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by... A) delusions of persecution. B) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness. C) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. D) a persistent irrational fear of other people. E) feelings of personal worthlessness.

E) feelings of personal worthlessness.

Of those who talk of suicide __________ actually attempt suicide. Of those who attempt suicide, __________ succeed in completing the act. A) only a few; most B) all; most C) only a few; only a few D) most; all E) most; only a few

E) most; only a few

Obsessions are... A) persistent, irrational fears of specific objects or situations. B) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion. C) false beliefs of persecution or grandeur. D) periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations. E) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

E) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from a(n)... A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) histrionic personality disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) dissociative disorder. E) phobia.

E) phobia.

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a __________ perspective. A) cognitive B) social-cognitive C) humanistic D) biological E) psychoanalytic

E) psychoanalytic