Psychology Module #15: Infancy and Childhood

Olivia and Abigail are sisters. Olivia began walking when she was 10 months old. Their mother can expect Abigail to begin walking at what age?

10 months

Ever since she was 3 weeks old, Tammy has been an unusually contented baby who sleeps and eats well and adapts easily to new experiences. A developmental psychologist would probably describe Tammy's temperament as:

Easy

Clay is hiding under his blanket so that he is invisible. He believes that if he cannot see his parents they cannot see him. Clay is demonstrating _____.

Egocentrism

Mike is watching a Disney movie with his son, Jason. Jason likes the movie so much that he becomes excited and stands in front of the TV. Mike asks Jason to move so that he can see the TV. Jason doesn't move. Jason is demonstrating _____.

Egocentrism

Leslie is in the 10th grade and is currently taking Calculus. She is doing very well and has even earned an A in the class. Leslie is most likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Formal operational

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n). _____ attachment to the parents.

Secure

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

Secure; insecure

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget is best known for his:

Theory proposing that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development

Samantha and Gebriel have decided to take their son to Sea World. When they asked him two years later if he remembered going he answered no. Their son was probably what age at the time of the trip?

2 years of age

From age ______ year(s) to______ years, the brain's neural network is sprouting most rapidly in the _______ lobes.

3; 6; frontal

Beginning at around ____ months, children may greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers.

8

A child's realization that others may have beliefs the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of:

A theory of mind

Tommy was at the park with his father and excitedly pointed to the squirrel and exclaimed, "Kitty, kitty." His father pointed out that this was a squirrel, not a kitty. This best illustrates the process of _____.

Assimilation

The __________ areas of the cortex are the last brain areas to develop.

Association

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes; you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) _____ parenting style.

Authoritarian

Luca's parents set firm rules but are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight. Luca's parents have a(n) _____ parenting style.

Authoritative

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind are most characteristic of:

Autism spectrum disorder

Maturation is the orderly sequence of _____ growth.

Biological

Becky babysits two sisters, Jasmin and Erum. Last week when the two girls were eating cookies, Jasmin complained about how 'unfair' it was that Erum had more cookies than her. To solve the problem Becky took one of Jasmin's cookies and divided it in half. Jasmin then thought that the cookies were equal between her and her sister and was happy. Several months later Becky is babysitting them again. She fixed the girls brownies and Jasmin again complained that her sister had more brownies than her. Becky divided one of Jasmin's brownies in half and asked her if it was now fair. Jasmin replied, "No, all you did was cut it in half." Jasmin is now in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Concrete operational

Otto is a 5-year-old who complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy as he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:

Conversation

Kayla is the mother of a 4-month-old boy. She often ignores the cries of her son and seems to only attend to him when it is convenient for her. She has even pushed the baby away from her when her husband tried to get her to care for the baby. Kayla's son is probably _____ attached to his mother.

Insecurely

Mary's inability to toilet train her 10-month-old infant is most likely due to:

Maturation

_____ consist of the biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Maturation

Angela is a 7-month-old baby who rolled over for the first time at 4 months of age and can now sit without support. These milestones reflect a maturing _______.

Nervous system

Yun Hee is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1 year old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried?

No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday.

Ty's parents divorced when he was 5. His father moved out of state, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Ty is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles at school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Ty to come and go when he wishes, she rarely, if ever, punishes him, and she gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he doesn't have a father. What type of parenting style does Ty's mother have?

Permissive

During this stage of Piaget's cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.

Preoperational

Every time 2-year old Rosa goes near the stove, her mother stops her and says, "No, hot!" Rosa's mother is:

Providing her with a scaffold

When a child views her new experience in terms of her existing _____, this is known as assimilation.

Schema

If infancy's major social achievement is _____, childhood's major social achievement is the development of a(n) _____.

The quality of attachment plays an important role in determining an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically

Lee is an 8-month-old infant who is already walking and even running around his house. What would his pediatrician likely say to Lee's parents?

This is actually rare as most babies do not start walking until around their first birthday