Psychology Topic 4
Wyatt has noticed some recent changes in his 10-month-old daughter, Cosette's, behavior. Ever since she started crawling a few weeks ago, she Select one: a. no longer displays attachment behaviors toward Wyatt. b. displays signs of being more interested in her brother than in Wyatt. c. shows signs of distress when Wyatt leaves her with a babysitter. d. plays happily whenever Wyatt drops her off at day care.
c. shows signs of distress when Wyatt leaves her with a babysitter.
Brian has three children with very different personality traits. Even with such different personality traits, Brian sees strong maturation effects. Which of the following has Brian most likely observed? Select one: a. All three children learned to walk at about 12 months of age. b. Two of the three children did not crawl. c. One of his children did not have the grasping reflex. d. All three children preferred to sleep with the lights on.
a. All three children learned to walk at about 12 months of age.
Shayne works as a researcher conducting studies in developmental psychology. Which of the research questions is Shayne LEAST likely to address in his work? Select one: a. How is auditory information processed in the brain? b. How do changes in neural connections affect memory retrieval in older adults? c. How does a child learn and understand rules about how to behave in public? d. How does testosterone level affect sex drive in teenagers versus adults?
a. How is auditory information processed in the brain?
Sharon notices that her baby grasps her finger every time she places it in her infant's palm. Which of the following is an explanation for why her baby shows this reflex? Select one: a. It helps babies survive. b. It is a new genetic adaptation. c. It helps speed up development. d. It protects the baby from overstimulation.
a. It helps babies survive.
Professor Chen wants to study the motivation for stealing. Which of the following colleagues should he consult? Select one: a. Lawrence Kohlberg b. Erik Erikson c. Jean Piaget d. Harry Harlow
a. Lawrence Kohlberg
Your aunt, who has several bad habits, recently found out she is pregnant. What is the best advice you can give her? Select one: a. Quit drinking immediately. b. Quit smoking immediately, but an occasional drink is probably okay. c. She has already harmed her fetus. d. She can smoke and drink when the baby is in the fetal period.
a. Quit drinking immediately.
Olivia begins menstruating at age eight. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this occurrence? Select one: a. She has been living in a stressful, unstable household. b. She gets a lot of attention from her male classmates. c. She has a secure attachment with her mother. d. Her frontal cortex is fully developed.
a. She has been living in a stressful, unstable household.
Immediately after birth, Giada's son Maxwell was able to display the rooting reflex. Which of the following behaviors did Giada observe Maxwell doing? Select one: a. When the corner of his mouth was stroked, Maxwell turned to search for food. b. When the palm of his hand was stroked, Maxwell closed his fingers. c. When he was laid on his back, Maxwell raised his head up. d. When a nipple was placed in Maxwell's mouth, he began to suck.
a. When the corner of his mouth was stroked, Maxwell turned to search for food.
Jonah learned to eat cereal by picking up a few pieces at a time and putting his fingers and the cereal pieces into his mouth. While eating yogurt, Jonah realizes that this method does not work, so he instead learns that yogurt is eaten with a spoon. Jonah's learning to eat yogurt with a spoon-NOT his fingers-shows Select one: a. accommodation. b. assimilation. c. theory of mind. d. centration.
a. accommodation.
Baby George's mother leaves him sitting in the grocery cart as she goes around the corner searching for cake mix. George screams as she leaves, reaches for her when she returns, but then pushes her away. George's behavior is most consistent with a(n) ________ attachment style. Select one: a. ambivalent b. avoidant c. strange d. secure
a. ambivalent
Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand, 16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is ________, whereas Rebecca's speech is ________. Select one: a. babbling; telegraphic b. telegraphic; overregularized c. overregularized; babbling d. telegraphic; babbling
a. babbling; telegraphic
When trying to explain Piaget's theory of development to his roommate, Martin correctly states that development Select one: a. consists of a series of qualitatively different stages of cognitive ability. b. is primarily a biological process. c. varies widely across cultures as a function of different environments. d. depends on physical skills rather than cognitive skills.
a. consists of a series of qualitatively different stages of cognitive ability.
Phil has been having trouble remembering where he left his keys, glasses, and favorite book. Now he also forgets to brush his teeth, comb his hair, and put clothes on in the morning. Phil is most likely experiencing Select one: a. dementia. b. integrity versus despair. c. a senior moment. d. stagnation versus generativity.
a. dementia.
Eugene is 88 years old. With which of the following tasks is he most likely to have difficulty? Select one: a. driving while talking on a cell phone b. remembering where he was born c. fixing a piece of toast d. throwing a baseball
a. driving while talking on a cell phone
While he is in the waiting room at the doctor's office, Arthur tries to classify infants' attachment based on their behavior. He is certain that the baby girl is securely attached because she Select one: a. explores the unfamiliar room and the objects in it while staying in view of her mother. b. stays very close to her mother for support. c. is fearful of any strangers who come into the room. d. is not distressed when her mother leaves the room.
a. explores the unfamiliar room and the objects in it while staying in view of her mother.
Peggy's parents are amazed at how much their daughter has changed. Over the past year, she became interested in doing chemistry experiments. Peggy predicts what will happen when she combines two chemicals together and then observes the results to see whether her hypothesis was correct. Peggy is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development. Select one: a. formal operational b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. sensorimotor
a. formal operational
A research team finds that an experimental drug causes problems for prenatal development, but only if it is given within the first 20 days of pregnancy. Researchers are worried that this will most likely affect Select one: a. heart development. b. the blastocyst. c. the length of gestation. d. the baby's birth weight.
a. heart development.
Ralph is very upset. His infant daughter was born with a preventable birth defect because she was exposed to a teratogen. Ralph's daughter may have all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. high birth weight. b. mental retardation. c. fetal alcohol syndrome. d. blindness.
a. high birth weight.
Nicholas is an infant researcher and wants to use the strange-situation test in his work. Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing Select one: a. how infants respond to separation and reunion with their caregivers. b. an infant's tendency to seek or avoid novelty. c. a mother's response to a fearful infant. d. the level of social interaction with which an infant is comfortable.
a. how infants respond to separation and reunion with their caregivers.
Sampson is a physician who sees many elderly patients. He is likely to notice decreases in their cognitive functioning in all of the following ways EXCEPT Select one: a. knowledge of basic facts. b. memory capacity. c. perceptual sensitivity. d. the time necessary to learn information.
a. knowledge of basic facts.
Janice is learning about the alphabet and how to read, but she is struggling to make the s and z sounds. Janice is having difficulty with Select one: a. phonemes. b. morphemes. c. syntax. d. babbling.
a. phonemes.
In front of Chris, Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short, fat glass and a tall, thin glass. She then asks Chris which glass has more water. If Chris is six years old, he is most likely to answer that Select one: a. the tall, thin glass has more water. b. the short, fat glass has more water. c. they have the same amount of water. d. he does not know which glass has more water.
a. the tall, thin glass has more water.
Over dinner one night, your little sister tells you how she is being picked on at school by two other students. Rowan has been calling her names during class for the past few weeks. Marty has been sending her offensive text messages and intimidating e-mails. Together, Rowan is engaging in ________ bullying and Marty is engaging in ________ bullying. Select one: a. verbal; cyber b. verbal; social c. social; cyber d. social; verbal
a. verbal; cyber
The president of the United States is debating about whether to start a war with country X. If the president is in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning, which of the following reasons would he most likely give for his decision? Select one: a. We should not declare war because it will hurt our economy. b. We should declare war because our citizens' freedom is at stake. c. We should not declare war because it is against our own laws in this situation. d. We should declare war because country X broke international law.
b. We should declare war because our citizens' freedom is at stake.
When Kate's grandma leans over the crib with a toy in her hand, eight-month-old Kate grasps it and pulls on it. When Kate's mom hangs a set of animals across the crib, Kate reaches up, grabs them, and pulls them down. Kate seems to be working on ________ for grasping and pulling. Select one: a. a reflex b. a schema c. object permanence d. conservation
b. a schema
Malcolm knows that environmental factors can influence his child in many different ways and they first begin to have an effect on children Select one: a. when they are able to move about in their environment. b. about two weeks after conception. c. within hours of birth. d. when they have developed a central nervous system.
b. about two weeks after conception.
Nora took her young son Alfred to the zoo, where he pointed to a zebra and said, "Look, Mommy, a horse!" Nora replied, "That is not a horse; that is a zebra. See, it has black and white stripes." Alfred then replied, "Wow! Look at the striped zebra!" In this situation, Henry's development of a zebra schema required Select one: a. assimilation. b. accommodation. c. conservation. d. object permanence.
b. accommodation.
Paul is babysitting Pamela for the first time. When Pamela's mom leaves, Pamela cries. When her mom returns, Pamela reaches for her but then pushes away from her. Paul assumes Pamela has a(n) ________ attachment. Select one: a. secure b. ambivalent c. avoidant d. anxious
b. ambivalent
Zandra's mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to a new dentist. Zandra's mother leaves the room and Zandra is momentarily alone with the dental hygienist, whom Zandra smiles at and plays with. When Zandra's mother returns, Zandra barely glances up and continues to play patty-cake with the dental hygienist. Zandra would most likely be classified as having a(n) ________ attachment. Select one: a. ambivalent b. avoidant c. secure d. normal
b. avoidant
Helen keeps her new baby boy well fed and clean. However, she does not want to spoil him, so she does not hold him or touch him too much. After reading about Harry Harlow's research, Helen now knows that Select one: a. humans are intelligent and their young can thrive even without being held. b. babies need to be touched and held to develop normally. c. infants prefer food more than comforting contact. d. humans cannot form true attachments until they are 18 to 24 months old.
b. babies need to be touched and held to develop normally.
Marcia's baby is just starting to eat solid food, and like all babies, he prefers certain tastes. Which of the following mashed foods is the baby most likely to want to eat? Select one: a. peas b. bananas c. potatoes d. rice
b. bananas
Derek pretends to be a baker while playing in the sand. He forms five sand cookie balls, and then he forms a sixth but flattens it into a pancake. "Wow! This cookie is way bigger than the others!" he exclaims. This example best illustrates Derek's ________ development. Select one: a. socio-emotional b. cognitive c. moral d. physical
b. cognitive
Your friend Lisa is pregnant and worries the baby will negatively affect her relationship with her husband, Mike. Which of the following statements is the best advice you could give her in this situation? Select one: a. immerse herself in her child because it is now a part of her identity b. discuss household responsibilities with Mike before the baby is born to reduce future arguing c. ignore when her own needs are not being met because Mike will also be stressed out d. Life is chaotic and the baby will not bring her and Mike closer together.
b. discuss household responsibilities with Mike before the baby is born to reduce future arguing
Amelia has been quite stressed lately and is very alarmed when she goes into labor at 30 weeks of gestation. Her baby has not finished the ________ period of prenatal development. It ________ live outside of the womb. Select one: a. embryonic; can b. fetal; can c. embryonic; cannot d. fetal; cannot
b. fetal; can
Sally is playing outside with her brother Micah one day and wants to push him down when he takes her swing. Sally does not push Micah, however, because she predicts that she will be punished with no television privileges after dinner if she does. Sally is most likely in the ________ stage of development. Select one: a. sensorimotor b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. preoperational
b. formal operational
Tanya looks back on her high school years with fondness because it was the first time she began to find others who dressed and acted like her and who held similar beliefs. Based on this information, Tanya recognizes how her identity was affected by Select one: a. her teachers. b. her clique. c. her parents. d. the media.
b. her clique.
Justin's mother believes that Justin, a nine-month-old, is still in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. To test this belief, which of the following could she try? Select one: a. see whether he knows how to turn on the TV by using the remote control b. hide his favorite toy underneath a couch cushion and see whether he looks for it c. place a brightly colored mobile above his crib and see whether he reaches for it d. ignore him when he cries and see how long he continues to cry
b. hide his favorite toy underneath a couch cushion and see whether he looks for it
John and Danielle want to get a stimulating mobile for their newborn son's crib. If they want him to see the objects, what should they attach to the strings? Select one: a. pastel-colored stuffed animals b. large black-and-white shapes c. pictures of nature d. brightly colored dolls
b. large black-and-white shapes
Ming is learning English and today learned that the word talking is made up of two units of meaning: talk and ing. Ming is learning about Select one: a. overregularization. b. morphemes. c. phonemes. d. syntax.
b. morphemes.
Jane is four months pregnant. When describing how her baby is developing, Jane is most likely talking about changes that occur during the ________ period. Select one: a. blastocyst b. prenatal c. teratogen d. germinal
b. prenatal
A child is playing at the beach. She pours an equal amount of sand into both a short, fat container and a tall, thin container. When asked which container holds more sand, the child points to the tall, thin container. This response suggests that she is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development. Select one: a. formal operational b. preoperational c. sensorimotor d. concrete operational
b. preoperational
Sharon is 60 and has experienced slowness of thought over the last year. She goes to her doctor to discuss why this is. Her doctor is most likely to tell her that slowed mental processes are a result of Select one: a. increases in muscle mass. b. shrinking frontal lobes. c. exercising too much. d. experiencing a senior moment.
b. shrinking frontal lobes.
Grant wants to do everything he can to keep his wife healthy during her pregnancy. He frequently gives her folic acid because he knows that this helps development of the ________ during the ________ period. Select one: a. heart; germinal b. spine and brain; embryonic c. heart; embryonic d. spine and brain; germinal
b. spine and brain; embryonic
Your friend Phia is one month pregnant. You tell her to eliminate any exposure to teratogens right now, because they could harm the embryo. When she asks what they could do to the embryo, you say that, right now, the teratogens could cause problems with Select one: a. emotional development. b. structural development of the baby's spine or brain. c. intellectual development. d. structural development of the baby's external genitalia.
b. structural development of the baby's spine or brain.
Julia is pregnant and she wants to keep healthy throughout her pregnancy. Since her house is old, she has it checked for lead paint because she is afraid of the effect of ________ on the fetus. Select one: a. infections b. teratogens c. nature d. premature birth
b. teratogens
When his sister becomes pregnant, Graham gives her a mini-lesson in prenatal care based on what he learned in his introductory psychology class. He should tell her all of the following EXCEPT that Select one: a. teratogens include any chemical in the environment that negatively affects the fetus. b. teratogens work on recessive genes to affect prenatal child development. c. alcohol, prescription drugs, and chemicals in the environment are teratogens. d. she can avoid many birth defects by practicing healthy habits.
b. teratogens work on recessive genes to affect prenatal child development.
Sheila is a life coach who has helped numerous adult clients in varying stages of life. In order to promote positive outcomes in her clients, she is likely to suggest all of the following EXCEPT to Select one: a. get married. b. wait to start exercising until your forties. c. do a crossword puzzle every day. d. be unmaterialistic.
b. wait to start exercising until your forties.
McKenzie is new at observing infant behavior in the strange-situation test and is uncertain how to assess baby Stephan's actions. If she guesses that he is securely attached, he most likely Select one: a. continued to play happily when his mother left him alone in the room. b. was not afraid of strangers when his mother was in the room with him. c. ignored his mother when she returned to the room after being gone. d. was comforted by a stranger when his mother was out of the room.
b. was not afraid of strangers when his mother was in the room with him.
Given what Naomi knows about physical development across the life span, which of the following people does she suspect will be the LEAST healthy at age 70? Select one: a. Cindy, who has been exercising regularly since she was a teenager b. Carla, who does the daily Sudoku and crossword puzzles in the newspaper c. Carson, who squints at his computer and listens to loud music on his iPod d. Charles, who walks around his building three times at lunchtime each day
c. Carson, who squints at his computer and listens to loud music on his iPod
Lila is not an alcoholic and never drinks to excess. However, she does have wine with dinner every evening. When Lila is two weeks pregnant, she asks you whether this can injure her baby. What correct response can you give her? Select one: a. Because she does not drink to excess, wine will probably not injure the baby. b. Because she drinks every day, her body is used to it and wine will not hurt the baby. c. She should stop drinking wine completely until after the baby is born. d. She should only drink once a week since a small amount of wine cannot do any harm.
c. She should stop drinking wine completely until after the baby is born.
Monique was born with mental retardation. Which of the following most likely caused this outcome? Select one: a. Her mother used cocaine when she was pregnant. b. She did not get enough folic acid in the womb. c. She was exposed to mercury in the womb. d. Her mother drank caffeine while pregnant.
c. She was exposed to mercury in the womb.
Mary and Eric are outside playing one day when Eric looks up and asks, "What's that big bright ball in the sky?" Mary replies that it is the sun. That night, Eric looks out his bedroom window and sees a big, bright ball in the sky. "Look, Mary, it is the sun!" he exclaims. This example shows that Eric has used ________ for his new knowledge. Select one: a. centration b. egocentrism c. assimilation d. accommodation
c. assimilation
Your son is getting bullied at school. You are trying to explain some of the reasons why bullying happens. According to the experts, each of the following is true EXCEPT that Select one: a. moral emotions are not felt as strongly by bullies. b. bullies show indifference when explaining their behaviors. c. bullies tend to show stronger emotions, which is why they bully other kids. d. bullies have more positive attitudes about using bullying in difficult social situations.
c. bullies tend to show stronger emotions, which is why they bully other kids.
Kara explains to her roommate why Harry Harlow's experiments were so important to explaining an infant's socio-emotional development. Kara correctly says that his results demonstrate that Select one: a. providing food is more important than providing comforting contact. b. food can be used as a method for tension reduction in the young. c. comforting touch is more important than food, particularly when an infant is stressed. d. infants become distressed when a mother provides comfort but not food.
c. comforting touch is more important than food, particularly when an infant is stressed.
Joey needs to use his fingers to add and subtract. Joey can sort blocks based on both their shape and color at the same time. Based on this information, you know that Joey is most likely in the ________ stage of development. Select one: a. formal operational b. sensorimotor c. concrete operational d. preoperational
c. concrete operational
Eddie's neighbor Marjorie steals a laptop computer from another student in their dorm and makes Eddie promise not to tell on her. After campus police come to the dorm and question him, Eddie decides to tell them that Marjorie stole the laptop, because Eddie knows that Marjorie broke the law. According to Kohlberg, Eddie is exhibiting ________ moral reasoning. Select one: a. preconventional b. postconventional c. conventional d. unconventional
c. conventional
Becca is at her regular prenatal checkup. The doctor tells her, "The organs are highly developed and now we mainly want the baby to gain weight." Based on this, Becca's baby is currently in the ________ stage of development. Select one: a. germinal b. embryonic c. fetal d. critical
c. fetal
Taylor was in a car accident when she was six months pregnant. Her doctors are worried that the accident may have caused problems with prenatal development because she is in the ________ period. Select one: a. zygotic b. embryonic c. fetal d. germinal
c. fetal
Rachel is about to retire from her successful job as a high school teacher, has several grandchildren now in college, and is excited about picking up some hobbies with her newfound free time. Erikson would argue that Rachel is most likely experiencing Select one: a. integrity. b. intimacy. c. generativity. d. stagnation.
c. generativity.
Andre is writing an introductory psychology essay on Piaget's theory of cognitive development. He should criticize the original theory for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that Select one: a. the stages are overly rigid and strict. b. the age at which certain skills develop is underestimated. c. infants do not learn about the world through their senses. d. children only show aspects of one stage at a time.
c. infants do not learn about the world through their senses.
Joe is nearing the end of his life. He reflects on his past, focusing on how he spent his whole life working long hours at his job. As a result, he is struggling with whether his life has been well lived. Joe is most likely experiencing the ________ stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Select one: a. intimacy versus isolation b. generativity versus stagnation c. integrity versus despair d. trust versus mistrust
c. integrity versus despair
Thirteen-year-old Sasha has a hard time getting along with her siblings because she often feels emotional and acts irrationally. She knows that she overreacts to their teasing, but she cannot help it. Sasha's feelings are most likely due to activation in her Select one: a. prefrontal cortex. b. hippocampus. c. limbic system. d. temporal cortex.
c. limbic system.
Sonya's parents have been encouraging her to walk for several months by standing her up and holding her hands. Paul's parents have let him achieve motor milestones on his own, without encouraging or helping him. The fact that Sonya and Paul both started walking independently at about the same age can be best explained by Select one: a. sensorimotor development. b. prenatal development. c. maturation. d. object permanence.
c. maturation.
Damien likes to put all sorts of things, like bugs, dirt, and shoelaces, in his mouth. He also likes his toy train; however, he seems to lose interest in playing with the train whenever his brother hides it. Damien is most likely in the ________ stage of development. Select one: a. formal operational b. preoperational c. sensorimotor d. concrete operational
c. sensorimotor
Giovanni is having difficulty learning English. He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences. For example, instead of saying "The dog ate the bone," he says, "The dog the bone ate." Giovanni is having trouble with Select one: a. morphemes. b. phonemes. c. syntax. d. overregularization.
c. syntax.
In front of Chris, Tasha pours the same amount of water into both a short, fat glass and a tall, thin glass. She then asks Chris which glass has more water. If Chris is 10 years old, he is most likely to answer Select one: a. the tall, thin glass. b. the short, fat glass. c. that they have the same amount of water. d. that he does not know.
c. that they have the same amount of water.
Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet. He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing. Ernst knows he should be experiencing all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the development of primary sex characteristics. b. a rapid, hormonally driven increase in height and weight. c. the development of a more rounded jaw. d. increased muscle mass.
c. the development of a more rounded jaw.
Elaine travels around the world observing how children learn language. Elaine has written a book to relate her findings in which she discusses the fact that Select one: a. the stages that babies go through to acquire language depend on culture. b. children use only words they have heard from their parents. c. the first words are used to identify objects or are simple action words. d. the rate at which children acquire language depends on the literacy of the parents.
c. the first words are used to identify objects or are simple action words.
Dr. Osmond is a developmental psychologist who studies adulthood. Which of the following is he most likely to research? Select one: a. the development of object permanence b. peer relationships within cliques c. the mental effects of stagnation d. the physical effects of teratogens
c. the mental effects of stagnation
Brooke is a developmental psychologist at USA College. Which of the following is Brooke most likely to study? Select one: a. patterns of neural activation that influence memory retrieval b. the subjective experience of the feeling "pride" c. the ways in which children differ from adults in their thought processes d. how effective behavior modification is for teenagers with depression
c. the ways in which children differ from adults in their thought processes
Sally is playing ball with her friend Anne. When Anne leaves the ball on the couch and goes to the bathroom, Sally hides the ball behind the TV. Sally expects Anne to look for the ball on the couch when she comes back because Anne does not know the ball was moved while she was in the bathroom. Sally is demonstrating that she understands Anne has her own thoughts and intentions that are different from Sally's. Sally has developed Select one: a. schemas. b. accommodation. c. theory of mind. d. assimilation.
c. theory of mind.
Jonathan has noticed that even though he lifts the same amount of weights each week, he is losing muscle mass and putting on a few extra pounds. Jonathan is most likely ________ years old. Select one: a. 8 b. 15 c. 25 d. 35
d. 35
Dr. Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face. Dr. Woolston should consult with his colleague ________, who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of ________. Select one: a. Piaget; morality b. Piaget; identity c. Erikson; morality d. Erikson; identity
d. Erikson; identity
Angela works at a nursing home and notices some distinct differences among her patients. Which of her patients is LEAST likely to have Alzheimer's? Select one: a. Dorothy, who has a genetic predisposition and goes dancing with her friends twice a week b. Bill, who has no genetic predisposition and does not socialize or exercise c. Reagan, who has a genetic predisposition and does not socialize or exercise d. John, who has no genetic predisposition and goes dancing with his friends twice a week
d. John, who has no genetic predisposition and goes dancing with his friends twice a week
Rick and Stacy want to get a stimulating mobile for their newborn daughter's crib. If they want the baby to pay attention to the mobile, which of the following sounds should they record to play in the mobile? Select one: a. low-pitched noises b. Rick's voice c. loud noises d. Stacy's voice
d. Stacy's voice
Elizabeth is going to decorate her newborn's room and wants the baby to be able to see the decorations. Which of the following should she use to decorate? Select one: a. wallpaper covered in small blue butterflies b. a large picture with pastel flowers in a field c. curtains with red, blue, and yellow cars for the window d. a wall hanging with a large black-and-white checked fabric
d. a wall hanging with a large black-and-white checked fabric
During the strange-situation test, Grady begins crying when his mom leaves the room. When his mom returns, Grady holds up his arms, asking to be picked up. However, when his mom picks him up, he pushes her away angrily. Grady's behavior is consistent with a(n) ________ attachment style. Select one: a. avoidant b. separation anxiety c. secure d. ambivalent
d. ambivalent
Simon is learning about the alphabet. He learns the letter O because it is round. If Simon sees the letter C and thinks it is the letter O because it is round, ________ has occurred. If he sees the letter C and thinks it must be a different letter because it is NOT completely round, ________ has occurred. Select one: a. object permanence; conservation b. accommodation; assimilation c. conservation; object permanence d. assimilation; accommodation
d. assimilation; accommodation
While visiting your friend and her 1-year-old son, Ian, you notice that Ian does not get upset when his mother leaves the room and he is alone with you, a stranger. In addition, Ian ignores his mother when she comes back into the room. Based on this, Ian's attachment style to his mother would most likely be described as Select one: a. secure. b. ambivalent. c. strange. d. avoidant.
d. avoidant.
Your best friend had a baby two weeks ago. She is excited because the baby smiled at birth, and she believes that the smiling indicated attachment. You know the truth is that Select one: a. newborns can smile from birth and this indicates attachment. b. newborns smile whenever they have pleasurable feelings. c. babies can smile even before birth. d. babies typically do not show social smiles until four to six weeks of age.
d. babies typically do not show social smiles until four to six weeks of age.
Peipei has a great group of American friends, is active in her school's theater, and works at a restaurant. Peipei also spends time helping out her extended Chinese family, who only speak Mandarin, by taking them to doctor appointments and translating for them. Peipei has successfully developed a(n) Select one: a. ethnic identity. b. gender role. c. clique. d. bicultural identity.
d. bicultural identity.
Five-year-old Simone is shown two evenly spaced rows of five nickels. When asked which row has "more," Simone responds that the rows are the same. Next, one of the rows of nickels is squished close together. When asked which has "more," Simone responds that the row that is still spaced out has more. In this example, Simone has displayed Select one: a. egocentrism. b. object permanence. c. conservation. d. centration.
d. centration.
If Ansel believes in a dynamic systems perspective, he most likely believes that development occurs through a series of interactions between the child's biology, his or her ________, and his or her ________. Select one: a. culture; genes b. peers; environment c. parents; genes d. culture; environment
d. culture; environment
When his sister becomes pregnant, Tyrone learns the effect of teratogens, which include all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. caffeine. b. the measles. c. X-rays. d. folic acid.
d. folic acid.
Claudia has been feeling ill for a couple of weeks and finds out she is two weeks pregnant. Up to this point, her baby has been in the ________ period of development, and the ________ has begun to form. Select one: a. germinal; embryo b. embryonic; embryo c. embryonic; placenta d. germinal; placenta
d. germinal; placenta
Adeline has been struggling with divorcing her husband for quite some time and is worried that she will never date again. Erikson would classify Adeline as most likely dealing with the psychosocial conflict of Select one: a. generativity versus stagnation. b. identity versus role confusion. c. integrity versus despair. d. intimacy versus isolation.
d. intimacy versus isolation.
Nadia knows that a substance's quantity does not change, even when its form does. Based on this, Nadia is most likely ________ years old. Select one: a. two b. five c. seven d. nine
d. nine
Andy decides to help his friend with his homework because he thinks the friend will then "owe" him and will do something for Andy later on. According to Kohlberg, Andy is exhibiting ________ moral reasoning. Select one: a. concrete operational b. postconventional c. conventional d. preconventional
d. preconventional
Camden is explaining all the different stages of development he has learned in his introductory psychology class. Which of the following is the correct order for all of the periods of human development? Select one: a. infancy, childhood, adulthood, adolescence b. prenatal, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, elderly c. infancy, childhood, adulthood, elderly d. prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
d. prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
Kane and MJ are sitting across from each other drawing pictures of their family room. When asked to draw the family room from MJ's perspective, Kane draws a picture of what he can see himself. Kane is likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development. Select one: a. sensorimotor b. concrete operational c. formal operational d. preoperational
d. preoperational
Kaya is crying because her teddy bear fell off the kitchen table and bumped its nose. She pretends to be "Mommy" and goes to the cupboard for a Band-Aid to put on the bear's hurt nose. Because Kaya's thinking is intuitive and not logical, she is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development. Select one: a. sensorimotor b. concrete operational c. formal operational d. preoperational
d. preoperational
Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips. These changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to Select one: a. developing primary sex characteristics. b. identity versus role confusion. c. maturation. d. puberty.
d. puberty.
Research shows that marriage has psychosocial benefits for the couple. Research has found support for all of the following findings EXCEPT that Select one: a. married people generally live longer than those who were unmarried. b. married people typically experience greater happiness than unmarried people. c. married people have lower risks for psychological disorders than unmarried people. d. same-sex married couples show fewer of the benefits of marriage.
d. same-sex married couples show fewer of the benefits of marriage.
Darryl thinks that playing peek-a-boo is hilarious! He does not know where his mom goes during the game, but it excites him when he sees her face again. Darryl is most likely in Piaget's ________ stage of development. Select one: a. preoperational b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. sensorimotor
d. sensorimotor
Allie has just gone through puberty, and the rapid development of her frontal cortex is causing her to Select one: a. be emotional and unpredictable. b. be able to focus her attention much better. c. avoid engaging in risky behaviors. d. think more flexibly and critically but with some difficulty.
d. think more flexibly and critically but with some difficulty.
Gretchen is excited when her son Brian demonstrates that he has developed theory of mind and will now be able to Select one: a. think of himself as having mental as well as physical capabilities. b. predict how he might behave in various situations. c. be more egocentric in his actions at day care. d. understand that his mom has intentions that guide her actions.
d. understand that his mom has intentions that guide her actions.
Quincy is four years old, and he has mental retardation and a slightly misshapen face. What most likely happened during Quincy's prenatal development? Select one: a. He was exposed to a teratogen. b. His mother experienced severe stress. c. His mother did not take in enough vitamin B. d. He skipped the embryonic period.
a. He was exposed to a teratogen.
Evan is in preschool and uses overregularization when speaking. Which of the following is he most likely to say? Select one: a. "Build snowman." b. "The moon looks happy." c. "He hitted me with a stick." d. "Yesterday, I want to go to the park."
c. "He hitted me with a stick."
Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter to start saying words so that Phillip can finally understand what Baxter needs. Phillip knows that for most babies, this will occur at around ________ months. Select one: a. 6 b. 9 c. 12 d. 16
c. 12
Jerome is busy developing in his mother's womb. Jerome will begin developing lungs during the ________ period. Select one: a. fetal b. germinal c. embryonic d. zygotic
c. embryonic
