Psychopathology Final Review
Because most people who are later diagnosed with bipolar disorder first present with depression, it is important to assess someone with MDD for _____ and _____.: (p. 153) A. A family history of bipolar disorder; a personal history of elevated mood or increased energy. B. A personal history of catatonia; a family history of insomnia (early morning awakenings). C. A family history of cyclothymia; a personal history of cannabis use. D. All of the above.
A. A family history of bipolar disorder; a personal history of elevated mood or increased energy.
With bipolar II disorder, functional impairment is mainly related to the ____ symptoms. (p. 121) A. Depression. B. Manic. C. Hypomanic. D. Hypervigilant.
A. Depression.
All of the following are possible symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT: (p. 105) A. Psychomotor retardation. B. Increased activity. C. Grandiosity. D. Racing thoughts.
A. Psychomotor retardation.
The first-line treatment for children with mood disorders should involve _____ and _____: (p. 149) A. Psychotherapy; parent psychoeducation. B. Anti-anxiety medication; parent management training. C. Stimulant medication; exposure and response prevention therapy. D. Anti-psychotic medication; psychoanalytic therapy.
A. Psychotherapy; parent psychoeducation.
Regarding ADHD and medication: (pp. 54-55) A. Stimulants are the most common medication used in the treatment of ADHD. B. Medications are rarely used in the treatment of ADHD. C. Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used medication in the treatment of ADHD. D. Antidepressants are the most commonly used medication to treat the symptoms of ADHD.
A. Stimulants are the most common medication used in the treatment of ADHD.
The "interpersonal and social rhythm therapy" approach for bipolar disorder emphasizes: (p. 116) A. The importance of circadian rhythms and establishing a stable/consistent daily routine and balanced lifestyle to more effectively manage one's moods. B. The use of the creative arts as the primary pathway for mood management. C. The use of vitamins and nutrition as the primary pathway for mood management. D. The combined use of group and music therapy for mood management.
A. The importance of circadian rhythms and establishing a stable/consistent daily routine and balanced lifestyle to more effectively manage one's moods.
All of the following can make a person more susceptible to schizophrenia EXCEPT: (p. 80) A. being a second-generation immigrant B. family history of schizophrenia C. use of cannabis and stimulants D. childhood trauma
A. being a second-generation immigrant
Which of the following is true for bipolar I disorder? (p.109-110) A. The majority of individuals are able to return to work at the same level of employment immediately following a manic episode. B. After someone has had a first manic episode, 90% will have another manic episode in the future. C. Bipolar I disorder has become more common and is experienced by nearly 20% of the population. D. Comorbidity with other disorders is rare for those with bipolar disorder.
B. After someone has had a first manic episode, 90% will have another manic episode in the future.
Which of the following is true regarding bipolar II disorder? (pp. 121-125) A. More time is spent in the hypomanic phase of the disorder than the depressed phase. B. Bipolar II disorder is more common than bipolar I disorder. C. The symptoms of depression in bipolar II are of the melancholic type, especially insomnia and a reduction in appetite/eating. D. Unlike bipolar I, bipolar II is a short-term diagnosis that begins in the early 20s and ends by age 30.
B. Bipolar II disorder is more common than bipolar I disorder.
Regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD): (pp. 43-44) A. Children with ASD actually have fewer risks of sexual abuse than other children. B. Children and adolescents with ASD are at increased risk for bullying and violence. C. To date, there are no screening tools to help distinguish children with ASD from other children. D. ASD ends by age 21.
B. Children and adolescents with ASD are at increased risk for bullying and violence.
All of the following are possible symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT: (p. 105) A. Increased talkativeness. B. Dysphoric mood. C. Decreased need for sleep. D. Distractibility.
B. Dysphoric mood.
The diagnosis of major depressive disorder could include any of these symptoms EXCEPT: (p. 150) A. Loss of energy. B. Flight of ideas or racing thoughts. C. Change in eating or sleeping habits. D. Decreased ability to concentrate or make decisions.
B. Flight of ideas or racing thoughts.
For the diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, a person must have experienced both a ___ and a ___. (p. 120) A. Manic episode; hypomanic episode. B. Hypomanic episode; major depressive episode. C. Manic episode; major depressive episode. D. Major depressive episode; psychotic episode.
B. Hypomanic episode; major depressive episode.
All of the following are characteristics of persistent depressive disorder EXCEPT: (pp. 157-159) A. Depressed mood plus two or more additional symptoms of depression. B. It must be triggered by the loss of a loved one. C. Two or more years of depression symptoms for adults. D. One or more years of depression for children and adolescents.
B. It must be triggered by the loss of a loved one.
Psychotic symptoms can occur during a _____ or _____: (p. 108) A. Hypomanic episode; manic episode. B. Manic episode; major depressive episode. C. Hypomanic episode; major depressive episode. D. All of the above.
B. Manic episode; major depressive episode
All of the following are true regarding interventions with schizophrenia EXCEPT: (p. 85-86) A. An integrated treatment for both substance use and schizophrenia is advised because of their co-occurrence. B. Medications and contact with helping professionals work best on a short-term or "as needed" bases, rather than extended time periods. C. Family-focused interventions help reduce relapse and rates of re-hospitalization. D. Group socialization/support and social skills training may be considered for those stable on their medication.
B. Medications and contact with helping professionals work best on a short-term or "as needed" bases, rather than extended time periods.
All of the following are true regarding the diagnosis of intellectual disability EXCEPT: (pp. 34-35) A. It is the new name for what used to be called mental retardation. B. Severity levels (e.g., mild, moderate, severe) of intellectual disability are based on a person's IQ score. C. The diagnosis is based on a deficit in both intellectual and adaptive functioning. D. The name change of this diagnosis to "intellectual disability" was supported by U.S. federal law.
B. Severity levels (e.g., mild, moderate, severe) of intellectual disability are based on a person's IQ score.
Regarding ADHD: (pp. 52-53) A. Most children diagnosed with ADHD will no longer have symptoms as adolescents. B. Teachers are the best consultants for the assessment of ADHD in children; reports from parents are not needed. C. Behavioral interventions should be incorporated into all aspects of the child's life (e.g., home and school). D. The Yale ADHD Checklist can definitively diagnose ADHD.
C. Behavioral interventions should be incorporated into all aspects of the child's life (e.g., home and school).
All of the following are associated with family-focused therapy (FFT) EXCEPT: (pp. 117-118) A. Family members learn how to communicate effectively with each other. B. Those with bipolar disorder and their family members learn to better understand the disorder. C. Family members learn how to increase their expressed emotion (EE) so they become a high EE family. D. FFT has been found to decrease relapse and re-hospitalization rates of bipolar disorder.
C. Family members learn how to increase their expressed emotion (EE) so they become a high EE family.
Which of the following is true regarding DMDD and other diagnoses? (p. 148) A. Repeated outbursts and persistent irritability occurs in oppositional defiant disorder but not DMDD. B. If the symptoms of both ODD and DMDD are present, only the diagnosis of ODD is given. C. If temper outbursts only occur in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), only ASD is diagnosed. D. If irritability occurs in the presence of persistent depressive disorder, then both DMDD and PDD are diagnosed.
C. If temper outbursts only occur in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), only ASD is diagnosed.
All of the following are possible symptoms of the MDD specifier "atypical depression" EXCEPT: (p. 108) A. Leaden paralysis (arms and legs feeling heavy, weighed down). B. Increased appetite and weight. C. Lack of ability to respond to pleasurable events when depressed. D. Hypersomnia (increased sleep).
C. Lack of ability to respond to pleasurable events when depressed.
The MDD specifier used when depression begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of giving birth is: (p.152) A. Pre-postpartum onset. B. Gestational onset. C. Peripartum onset. D. Melancholic onset.
C. Peripartum onset.
All of the following are DSM-5 communication disorders EXCEPT: (pp. 37-38) A. Social (pragmatic) communication disorder. B. Speech sound disorder. C. Regressive communication disorder. D. Childhood onset fluency disorder (stuttering).
C. Regressive communication disorder.
All of the following are associated with cyclothymic disorder EXCEPT: (p. 128) A. Mood instability and reactivity in social interactions. B. The depression symptoms are likely to be the more problematic aspect of the disorder. C. Symptoms must be limited to less than 6 months. D. It is often mistaken with borderline personality disorder.
C. Symptoms must be limited to less than 6 months.
Regarding the DSM-5's diagnosis of ADHD: (pp. 49-50) A. Adult ADHD requires more symptoms than children with ADHD. B. If a child only displays symptoms of ADHD in a school setting, the diagnosis of ADHD cannot be given. C. Symptoms of inattention include fidgeting, running and climbing, interrupting others, and blurting answers. D. Symptoms can be typical for a child's developmental level (e.g., being unable to sit still or wait one's turn) and still be considered ADHD.
C. Symptoms of inattention include fidgeting, running and climbing, interrupting others, and blurting answers.
All of these are characteristics of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) EXCEPT: (pp. 162-163) A. The presence of 5 or more premenstrual symptoms. B. The symptoms begin the week before menses and peak with the onset of menses. C. The majority of women qualify for the diagnosis of PMDD. D. The symptoms must be severe enough to disrupt work, academics, or interpersonal functioning.
C. The majority of women qualify for the diagnosis of PMDD.
Regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD): (pp. 43-44) A. Females are more likely than males to develop autism spectrum disorder. B. ASD is the result of parenting styles; biology and genetics do not play a role. C. There is a worldwide increase in the number of children being diagnosed with autism. D. So far ASD has only been found in lower-class U.S. populations.
C. There is a worldwide increase in the number of children being diagnosed with autism.
The FDA has approved certain mood stabilizing and other medications for use with bipolar disorder. Which of the following statements best describes the role these medications play in treatment? (p. 115) A. These medications are to be added following a course of 6 months of psychotherapy. B. These medications are only recommended when 6 months of therapy is ineffective. C. These medications form the foundation of evidence-based practice for bipolar disorder and are used from the very beginning of treatment. D. Antidepressant medications have been found to be superior to mood stabilizing medications for bipolar disorder and should be the first medication tried after a 6-month course of psychotherapy.
C. These medications form the foundation of evidence-based practice for bipolar disorder and are used from the very beginning of treatment.
All of the following are true regarding the diagnosis of a delusional disorder EXCEPT: (p. 70-1) A. It involves the presence of one or more delusions for at least a one-month duration. B. The delusions can be considered either bizarre or non-bizarre in nature. C. This diagnosis is the most disabling of all of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. D. Persecutory delusions are the most common type.
C. This diagnosis is the most disabling of all of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
All of the following are evidence-supported treatments for MDD EXCEPT: (pp. 154-155) A. Behavior activation therapy. B. Interpersonal therapy. C. Transference-focused therapy. D. Emotion-focused therapy.
C. Transference-focused therapy.
When working with clients with delusions, a recommended strategy is for therapists to: (p. 73) A. place the initial focus directly on the delusions, rather than secondary symptoms like insomnia. B. participate in and validate the delusions so the person feels understood. C. discuss the delusions enough to understand them, then gently suggest alternative explanations. D. strongly confront and challenge the person about the delusions.
C. discuss the delusions enough to understand them, then gently suggest alternative explanations.
Which of the following is an important intervention component for intellectual disability? (pp. 35-36) A. Early interventions, including special education. B. Family involvement and parent training. C. Behavior modification. D. All of the above are important components of intervention for intellectual disability.
D. All of the above are important components of intervention for intellectual disability.
A manic episode can include or lead to: (p. 105) A. Psychotic symptoms. B. Hospitalization. C. Significant impairment in functioning. D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the prognosis for bipolar disorder? (pp. 119-120) A. Relapse is almost assured even when treatment recommendations are followed. B. Prognosis is worse when multiple episodes have occurred or when the rapid cycling specifier applies. C. Prognosis is worse when the person has a co-occurring substance use disorder. D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Which of the following therapies are possible interventions in the treatment of MDD? (pp. 155-156) A. Exercise therapy. B. Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT). C. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
_____ is a highly structured and well-established treatment for those who experience chronic depression that has strong research support. Clients learn to recognize how their depression contributes to their interpersonal problems. This therapy is designed to modify individuals' thought patterns and feelings while also improving their ability to relate interpersonally. (p. 160) A. Prolonged exposure therapy (PET). B. Present-centered therapy (PCT). C. Stress inoculation therapy (SIT). D. Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP).
D. Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP).
All of the following are true regarding interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) EXCEPT: (pp. 46-47) A. Communication may be the most important area to address early in the treatment for most children. B. Effective interventions are based on the child's interests, engage the child's attention, and include positive reinforcement for desired behaviors. C. Early intervention programs are often very intensive, providing one-to-one treatment for 20-40 hours/week. D. Parental involvement has been found to have little value in the treatment of children with ASD.
D. Parental involvement has been found to have little value in the treatment of children with ASD.
All of the following are important components in the treatment of children with ADHD EXCEPT: (pp. 54-55) A. Parent-management training. B. Behavioral interventions in the classroom. C. Medication management. D. Reality-emotive therapy.
D. Reality-emotive therapy.
All of the following are characteristics of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) EXCEPT: (pp. 146-147) A. Three or more temper outbursts per week. B. Between outbursts the person is chronically angry or irritable. C. The outbursts can be verbal or behavioral. D. The diagnosis must be given prior to the age of 6.
D. The diagnosis must be given prior to the age of 6.
Most children who experience persistent irritable mood eventually develop bipolar disorder. (p. 147) True or False
False.
Most people with bipolar disorder take their prescribed medication consistently, thereby stabilizing their mood. (p. 114) True or False
False.
Tourette's disorder involves either a motor or a vocal tic. (p. 60) True or False
False.
Interpersonal therapy is particularly effective in bereavement-related depressive episodes and in the treatment of depression for the elderly population. (p. 161) True or False
True
In general, treatment interventions for schizoaffective disorder will be similar to those for schizophrenia. True or False
True.
Major depressive disorder is the most frequently occurring debilitating disorder affecting people worldwide. (p. 146) True or False
True.
Specific learning disorders in the DSM-5 include the domains of reading, written expression and mathematics. (p. 56) True or False
True.
The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia is the same for children and adults. (p. 79) True or False
True.
The specifier of "with rapid cycling" that can be used with bipolar disorder requires the occurrence of four or more separate mood episodes in the preceding 12-month period of time. (p. 107) True or False
True.
The treatment for cyclothymic disorder is generally the same as that for other bipolar and related disorders. (p. 130) True or False
True.
Treatment for Tourette's and other tic disorders generally involves medication along with cognitive or behavioral therapy. (p. 61) True or False
True.
