Public Speaking - Chapter 1 to 14
According to research cited and pictured in the text, the visual and vocal codes account for ____ of the meaning of the message:
69%
The body of your speech should take approximately ____ of your total speaking time.
70-80%
Careful preparation for a presentation, can reduce anxiety as much as:
75%
You can avoid gender bias by: A) use words like "police officer" or "mail carrier" B) using the generic term "she" C) using the generic term "he" D) use words like "policeman" or "mailman"
A
Which of the following is the best worded purpose statement for a five-minute speech?
After hearing my speech, my audience will know how to train a dog to heel.
A metaphor makes a direct comparison between items and uses words such as "like" or "as."
False
A speech of introduction gives you a moment to shine. You do not need to focus all of the attention on the featured speaker.
False
All of the information in your rough draft outline will be used in your speech.
False
An effective presentation will relate to people of your age group only.
False
Audience members do not need to hear why a topic is important to you.
False
Because ceremonial speeches fall into a special category of speech types, it is not necessary to establish your credibility within your speech.
False
Because introduction speeches are so common, audience members are more accepting of platitudes, such as, "here is someone who needs no introduction...".
False
Before you speak, you should write your speech out word for word so that you can refer to it while speaking.
False
Explanations can be used for proof, but not for clarification.
False
If audience members are not motivated and are unable to process information, they will most like use careful critical thinking and consideration of arguments and evidence.
False
The correct sequence of symbols in the standard numbering for outlines is A, 1, a.
False
If the intent of your speech is presenting new information or making listeners aware of new ideas or information, your speech is persuasive.
False
It is best to have an extremely broad purpose statement to ensure that you can cover everything you want to during the presentation.
False
It is helpful to write your speech as if it were a written essay.
False
It is not necessary to research arguments for and against your position in order to persuade your audience.
False
Leaning slightly forward while speaking, makes you look nervous and unprepared.
False
Once you have captured your audience's attention, you can feel confident that they will remain attentive.
False
People from all cultures experience the same level of communicator anxiety.
False
Speaker credibility has little impact on listeners.
False
Speakers who support their assertions by citing personal experiences are considered less trustworthy and less persuasive.
False
Using large amounts of statistics in a presentation is the best way to get your point across.
False
Values are not stable and are easy to change.
False
When brainstorming for possible speech topics, avoid writing down ideas that are obviously ridiculous.
False
When giving a presentation that uses a projection screen or computer screen, make sure to keep your eyes on the screen to ensure that the slides are in the right place.
False
When giving a presentation, it is fairly safe to assume that all men enjoy sports and women enjoy cooking.
False
When speaking to multicultural audiences, it is safe to assume that their high-ranking values are the same as yours.
False
Using small objects to clarify points will frustrate your audience.
True
When ambiguous words are used deliberately to sway an audience, the outcome is unethical.
True
When speakers use generic masculine or feminine words they are helping to maintain sex-biased perceptions.
True
A speech to ____ seeks intellectual agreement from the listeners.
convince
A speech where you remember someone who has just died is a(n) ____ speech.
eulogy
In this stage of listening, listeners judge the speaker and the message.
evaluating stage
Research on memory has shown all of the following except:
even poorly designed visuals improve memory
Factual statements and opinions which support the logical arguments of a speech are known as:
evidence
Speakers who use ____ typically overestimate the costs, problems, or negative consequences of a new proposal.
exaggeration
A speech delivery type prepared by turning the preparation outline into keyword notes is the
extemporaneous speech.
When the speaker or listener is distracted by something in their environment, such as people talking, they are experiencing:
external noise
Which of the following can be used for both clarification and proof?
factual instances
You can't prove an idea by using only instances, but ____ can add some proof to your arguments.
factual instances
A listener's verbal, visual, and vocal responses to a speaker's message are known as:
feedback
All of the following are true of positive imagery except:
feelings, such as pride or confidence, will not occur until the situation actually exists.
____ show similarities or differences between two or more items that are basically different.
figurative comparisons
People from low-context cultures expect messages to be brief, indirect, and implicit.
False
Persuasion is something that we seldom use in our lives.
False
Research the topic before doing the rough draft outline.
False
The Japanese culture admires speakers with highly animated facial expressions and spontaneous gestures.
False
The only time you should summarize your information is in the conclusion of the speech.
False
The primary difference in informative and persuasive speeches occurs in the conclusion.
False
There are six primary stages of listening.
False
Topics that are ideal for a demonstration speech will work just as well as an informational speech.
False
When giving a speech, it is best to pick a topic that you know nothing about so that you can improve your research skills.
False
When presenting both sides of any issue, you should give both arguments equal time.
False
When verbal and nonverbal messages conflict, the listener is most likely to believe that the verbal message is the more truthful.
False
When you plan a speech, it is best to write the introduction and conclusion before the body.
False
Wikipedia.org is a reliable source; there is no need to verify content found on the site.
False
You can assume that if your audience is staring at you, they are listening attentively.
False
Your praise during a eulogy should demonstrate the perfection of the deceased.
False
Speaking notes should be as brief as possible, preferably an outline using keywords or phrases.
True
Statistics are easier to understand and remember when shown in graphic form.
True
The current view of trait anxiety is that it is both inborn and learned
True
The number one reason that speeches fail to meet their goals is the speaker's failure to analyze the audience carefully enough.
True
Though an after-dinner speech is meant to be entertaining, there is not need to keep audience members laughing constantly.
True
To avoid unintentional plagiarism you should use a research method that makes clear which passages you have paraphrased and which ones you quoted.
True
To persuade, you must limit the number of options that are perceived as acceptable.
True
Transitions help listeners follow the development of the speaker's ideas and keep them from getting lost.
True
Unless you are giving a demonstration speech, a demonstration used to support a point should be brief, preferably 30 seconds or less.
True
Visual aids should be used when you want to offer audience members a concrete reminder of what they should recall from your speech.
True
Vivid language is more likely to take the active voice than the passive.
True
When audience members are given handouts, they tend to read the handout instead of listening to the speaker.
True
When both men and women will be in your audience, you need to relate your topic to both genders.
True
When citing an unfamiliar source, if the qualifications are not mentioned, the presentation is not increased in persuasion.
True
When emotional appeals are used in place of evidence, they are unethical.
True
Abraham Maslow illustrated the most basic need of human beings as:
physiological
Words written in meter or free verse that express ideas, experiences, and emotions in an imaginative style are:
poems
All of the following are suggested by the text as ways to help you establish your credibility except:
pointing out why the topic is important to your audience
One of the most effective ways to use humor in a speech is to:
poke fun at yourself.
To aid final planning and organization, a speaker will use a:
preparation outline
The difference between organizational patterns used in informative speeches versus those in persuasive speeches, is that persuasive speeches are intended to influence audience opinions, while informative organizational patterns:
present information without biasing audience opinion.
In a persuasive speech, the best course is usually:
presenting both sides
Maslow defined esteem needs as:
pride, recognition from others, status and prestige
Persuasion is:
about influence, not control
A(n) ____ speech shows goodwill toward the audience and presenter.
acceptance
A speaker whose persuasive speech topic is "The Need for More Organ Donors" would expect the audience response to be:
action
A speech to ____ asks for intellectual agreement and action of some sort.
actuate
Which of the following is the best example of a well-worded purpose statement for a five-minute speech?
after hearing my speech my audience will know how to train a dog to heel.
For positive imagery to work, you must read your list of positive statements and also:
all of these
Listener interpretation and evaluation often depend on the speaker's:
all of these
Listeners mentally evade persuasive messages that cause them discomfort by:
all of these
Using visual aids helps speakers feel more confident because:
all of these
When motivating your audience to listen, you:
all of these
To maximize listener' understanding in the comprehend stage, you can try:
all of these.
When you practice your speech, it is best to:
always practice out loud
A feeling of approval or disapproval of a person, group, idea or event is defined as:
an attitude.
A clear simple sentence that specifies exactly what you want your audience to gain from the speech is called:
an exact purpose
A supporting material that allows you to define or give more information about a term or topic or gives instructions on how to do something is called:
an explanation
An example or illustration that is used to clarify, add interest, and (in some cases) prove a point, is called:
an instance
In the visualization step of Monroe's Motivated Sequence, you should:
any of these
When writing main points in the outline, they should be written as:
complete sentences
All of the following are examples of visual behaviors which promote immediacy except
formal gestures used primarily for emphasis
When designing a text visual, it is best to limit each visual to no more than ____ lines of text.
four to six
Fitting your message to audience needs is called:
framing
Visual aids such as maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams are called:
graphic visuals
A speech containing many statistics or technical terms without visual aids can cause the listener to suffer from:
information overload
In this stage of listening, listeners supply meaning to the messages that they have seen, heard, and felt.
interpreting stage
A rough-draft outline is especially helpful because:
it saves research time by indicating which areas need research
Each of the following are reasons why language choices are important except:
language can keep listeners' attitudes and behaviors from being influenced
Research into listeners' response to the use of logic and evidence indicates all of the following except:
listeners have very little difficulty spotting illogical messages
____ show similarities or differences between two or more items of the same class or category.
literal comparisons
When audience members perceive that a speaker shares similar attitudes on issues not related specifically to the topic, the audience sees the speaker as:
more credible with respect to trustworthiness
Listeners will pay close attention to a presentation that shows how:
needs will be met
Rarely will listeners accept your statements without some kind of:
proof
Supporting materials in a persuasive speech are adequate if they:
prove that the speaker's position is accurate and desirable
When asking your audience an actual question, you should:
raise your own hand and/or tell the audience you would like a show of hands
During a presentation, a listener becomes aware of a conversation behind her when someone says something that sounds like her name. Her shifting attention to the conversation is an example of what stage of listening?
receiving
In this stage of listening, listeners select or ignore one or more stimuli from the multitude of stimuli that continually bombard us.
receiving stage
These colors should probably not be used together, as color blind people could not see them.
red and green
To help your listeners remember exact words or figures, you should use:
repetition
When researching a speech, beginning speakers sometimes make this mistake:
they do too little research
Which is not an advantage of visual aids?
they substitute for concrete evidence
According to the text, the most important element of credibility is:
trustworthiness
Which of the following is the best example of a well-worded positive statement?
I am relaxed when I speak to large groups
A good example of hyperbole would be:
I've told you a million times in the past hour not to use hyperbole.
When referring to quantity or scope, which question is significant?
Is the problem great enough to make it a social issue?
A speaker gives a speech about how to distinguish antique jewelry from reproductions. The piece of jewelry that most clearly illustrates her point is obviously too small for the audience to see from the front of the room. What could the speaker do?
She could make a larger model of the jewelry
Which of the following statements is a simile.
The dude looks like a lady.
A statement of fact indicates:
The speaker will present evidence to persuade the listeners that a debatable point is or is not true
Special occasion speeches differ from informative and persuasive speeches in all of the following ways except:
They present detailed instructions
Which of the following is the best example of an opening sentence for a speech?
Three years ago, one of my best friends - a young woman about your age - was told she had cancer.
A speaker's main points are: I. Where to look for collectibles II. How to determine the value of a collectible item III. How to bargain with a collector The speaker is using which organizational pattern?
Topical
A list of references should be included at the end of your preparation outline.
True
Varying volume, pitch, emphasis, rate, and pauses in a natural manner is called
Vocal variety
The mental acceptance that something is true, even if we can't prove it is true is
a belief
An illustration is:
a detailed and vivid picture or narrative
Billy gave a presentation on appointing a designated driver. He suggested ideas for people to consider before going out for the evening and recommended that people who do not drink should never start. What type of speech did Billy give?
a speech to actuate
The final step in using positive imagery is to:
avoid comparing yourself to other speakers
A good speech topic should interest you and your audience, and should also:
be valuable to your audience.
In an effective persuasive speech, the speaker:
begins to persuade in the introduction
Another word for credibility is:
believability
Gestures should be:
both b and c
You can establish credibility with the audience by:
citing statistics and sources that your audience views as credible.
A type of attention-getter, which is effective because it enables the listener to be drawn into it and become personally involved, is a:
hypothetical instance
The behaviors a speaker uses to promote a sense of closeness and personal interaction with audience members are known as the speaker's
immediacy behaviors
Listeners tend to remember best the information:
in the beginning and ending of a speech
When you are using emphasis, you are likely to:
increase volume and raise pitch
An upward pitch at the end of a sentence is usually thought to do all of the following except:
indicate boredom
Inaccurate articulation, vocalized pauses, and unnecessary repetition of words, all which lead a speaker to be judged as being low on competence, are examples of:
nonfluencies
The key component of unintentional plagiarism, as demonstrated by its inclusion in every example of plagiarism, is:
not citing the source you use, regardless of whether or not you paraphrase the information or use it word-for-word
Audiences are more easily persuaded when arguments are presented in a(n) ____ way:
novel or new
Which of the following is not a basic stage of listening?
observing
In Monroe's Motivated Sequence, the solution to the problem is presented in which step?
satisfaction
Pithy expressions of truth or wisdom, usually from an unknown source, are called:
sayings
When determining a persuasive speech topic, most speakers:
select a topic, then analyze the audience
A rough draft outline:
should contain main points and supporting materials you think you will need
Numbers that are used to show relationships between items are called:
statistics
In the United States, many audiences value:
straight talk.
The way language is used to express ideas is called:
style
When you arrange points in a step-by-step order or by dates, you are using:
the chronological pattern
All of the following are true of using expert opinion except:
you must use the exact words of the speaker
When no visual aids are used in a presentation, the audience usually remembers:
10%
Overstating or presenting facts as more important than they are is an example of distortion.
False
Speaking from memory helps the speaker react to listener feedback.
False
The anxiety that is caused by a speaker's feelings of personal inadequacy or low self-esteem is known as situational anxiety.
False
Visual aids increase presentation time.
False
A speaker should establish a steady rate early in the speech.
False
An audience will be impressed with a speaker who uses long technical words or jargon.
False
Computer-generated slides will always aid your presentation.
False
Correct pronunciation is also known as emphasis.
False
If a speaker appears nervous or appears to have little respect for the audience, the audience will keep listening in hopes of learning something new
False
Using color and underlining on your speaking notes will distract you during your speech.
False
When giving a demonstration speech, you should merely tell the audience how to do something, but never attempt to actually show them.
False
When giving a speech, don't try to look at all sides of the room
False
The first step in preparing an informative speech should be:
analyze the audience
The stylistic device that occurs when a sentence contains two contrasting ideas in parallel phrases is called:
antithesis
The clear and distinct production of speech sounds is called
articulation
Audience recall is better when ____ visuals are used.
color
A public speaker sends and receives messages simultaneously.
True
Persuasive language is usually more ____ than informative language.
forceful
All of the following are considered part of the speech environment except:
the topic
Research indicates that an "average" presenter who uses visuals can be as effective as an "expert" presenter who uses no visual.
true
Speaking notes should be as brief as possible, preferably an outline using keywords or phrases.
true
Many speakers either don't use visual aids or
use ones that are overcrowded and difficult to read.
It is important to keep your volume consistent throughout your speech
False
In How to Say It with Your Voice, the author says that "nothing you can do for your image will give you as much bang for the buck as improving the way you sound" (p. 4). What factors impact improving the way you sound?
All of these
When designing transparencies, what is the minimum point size for subtitles?
24 point
Language that describes intangible concepts that are difficult to picture is called:
abstract
The best time to distribute handouts is
after the speech
Immediacy is achieved by
all of these
When rehearsing your speech, you should:
all of these
Using someone else's ideas without giving that person credit for the idea is known as:
plagiarism
All of the following are examples of verbal behaviors which promote immediacy except:
referring to the group as "you" or "your"
An effective conclusion should use no more than ____ of the total speaking time.
10-15%
The introduction should take no more than:
10-15% of your total speaking time
When making eye contact, hold your gaze for ____ before moving on.
3 to 5 seconds
Using the formula in the text, what is the maximum number of visuals suggested for a 10 minute speech?
6
When listeners spend more than ____ to grasp the content of a visual aid, they slip into reading mode and hear almost nothing the speaker has to say.
6 seconds
The following filters can affect the listener's perception of the speaker:
All of these
A demonstration speech always takes less time than an informational speech.
False
Which of the following is the most concrete description?
Misha, my two year-old, 14 pound, yellow-and-white longhair cat
Describing the specific problem using credible, logical, and psychological appeals, uses which step in the Motivated Sequence?
Need step
A consideration to make when giving a PowerPoint presentation is to make sure there is adequate lighting so the audience can see your facial expressions during the presentation.
True
A high level of fear is usually more effective in persuasion than medium or low levels of fear.
True
A recent poll shows fear of public speaking to be the number two fear of Americans.
True
A signpost is a type of transition that clearly indicates where the speaker is going next.
True
Age is a demographic characteristic that can be misleading.
True
An outline makes getting suggestions from others much easier.
True
Animated facial expressions and spontaneous gestures appear egotistical to people from Asian cultures.
True
Audience size is crucial in determining what type of visual aids you will use.
True
Before selecting a humorous instance, you should analyze your audience carefully to avoid offending them.
True
Before your audience's higher level needs can be addressed, their lower level needs must be mostly satisfied.
True
Beliefs are the reasons people hold the attitudes they do.
True
Both speakers and listeners tend to believe that if the speaker uses clear language and the listener pays attention, 100% of the message will be understood.
True
During a Q & A session, you should admit when you don't know the answer to a question.
True
Effective speakers search for supporting materials that will clarify their ideas, prove their points, and add interest to their speeches.
True
Even when listeners only mildly disagree with your position on a controversial topic, they are difficult to persuade.
True
Feeling apprehensive about public speaking is normal.
True
Guests who have paused to hear the inspiring words in a toast do not want to hear clichés.
True
If you are unfamiliar with your audience, you should ask for information from the person who invited you to speak.
True
If you want your speech to be really persuasive it is best to use all three types of appeals: ethos, pathos and logos.
True
In a speech to actuate, you might want to give the audience more than one request for action.
True
In your acceptance speech, you should demonstrate your understanding of the award's deeper significance.
True
It is best not to speak about a topic that holds no interest to you, even if you know a lot about it.
True
It isn't evidence unless audience members think it's evidence.
True
Listeners are more likely to find you credible if you show them areas where you are in agreement with them.
True
Listeners sometimes make evaluations based on assumptions without waiting to make sure they have all the facts.
True
Logic connects various pieces of evidence to create a meaningful and persuasive argument.
True
One of the primary differences between informative and persuasive speeches is the speaker's goal.
True
People from different cultures listen differently.
True
People who feel comfortable expressing themselves are perceived as more competent, make a better impression during job interviews, and are more likely to be promoted to supervisory positions than anxious people are.
True
Sometimes the only way to be sure that your slides are sending the message you desire is to see them projected on a screen.
True
The only message that counts is the one that gets received.
True
A speaker supports a point by saying, "Relationships require the same care you give a garden. When the plants are dry you must water them. You must fertilize them if they are to grow. And you must prune or spray at the first sign of disease, lest it spread and kill the whole plant." This is an example of:
a figurative comparison
Gillian gave a presentation on the number of children in her state that had no health insurance. She presented three simple steps that could alleviate the problem that would benefit the children, their parents and society. Gillian didn't ask the audience to write to their representative and she didn't ask them to make a phone call or donate money. She wanted to audience to know that uninsured children present a problem that was solvable. What type of speech did Gillian give?
a speech to convince
Which of the following is most likely to motivate an audience to continue to listen?
a statement about how the audience is likely to benefit from this information
Falling pitch inflection at the end of a sentence usually indicates:
a statement or understanding
Words that have vague, unclear meanings that can be understood in more than one way are:
ambiguous
Instead of worrying about looks or impressions, it is better to:
concentrate on getting your meaning across
An effective speech of introduction should do all of the following except:
answer questions about the featured speaker's background and qualifications
All of the following are listed by the text as ways to enhance the audience's perception of the speaker's competency except:
appearing friendly and likeable
When a speaker says "Omina show ya allah the things yer gonna be needin' to buy," the speaker is using poor:
articulation
Language that is specific and describes tangible things that the audience can picture is called:
concrete
The part of the argument, known as a position statement, is the:
claim
Audience members from this type of culture prefer speeches that build on audience history and take a cautious, back-door approach to points:
collectivistic cultures
The goal of this stage is to understand.
comprehend stage
Authority, rank, and even competence can be communicated by wearing:
dark clothing
Listeners who sit perfectly still are:
daydreaming
The process of determining exactly what a speaker's language or nonverbal behavior means is known as:
decoding
If audience members show up to your speech expecting a serious, scholarly speech but you present a humorous, after-dinner-type talk, members will likely feel:
dissatisfied
The belief that you are the only person experiencing nervousness is a characteristic of trait anxiety known as:
dissimilarity
Which of the following is true of effective text visuals?
effective visuals use phrases rather than sentences
When using statistics, it is best to:
eliminate any that are not absolutely necessary
The process of choosing language or nonverbal behaviors to convey your message is known as:
encoding
Misunderstandings occur in which stage of listening because listeners supply meaning to the messages they have sensed?
interpret stage
Persuasive speeches differ from informative speeches in all of these ways except:
introduction
When speakers appear tense, don't smile, and make very little eye contact, the audience thinks the speaker:
is not prepared
The study of orderly thinking, the sequence and connection of thoughts and ideas as they relate to one another" (Bell, 1990, p. 262) is known as:
logic
All of the following are listed by the text as ways to enhance the audience's perception of the speaker's credibility through dynamism except:
lots of drama or oratorical flair
A preparation outline should include:
main points, subpoints, supporting material, introduction and conclusion
A type of visual aid that makes speakers appear less prepared is a(n):
markerboard
Confidence, interest and energy can be added to your presentation by using:
movement
The best gestures are
natural
When preparing an outline, it is best to use ____ to represent the main points in the speech.
roman numerals
If your listeners agree with your proposal and have a well developed belief system, you should present:
only your side of the argument
Martin Luther King Junior's I Have a Dream speech makes great use of which stylistic device?
onomatopoeia
All of the following advantages of using organizational patterns except:
organized information allows listeners to catch the message without paying close attention
Similarly phrased ideas presented in succession are:
parallelism
Summarizing the speaker's ideas in your own words is called:
paraphrasing
The emotional needs of an audience are referred to as:
pathos
An involuntary audience is usually made up of:
people who are different in a variety of ways.
Voluntary audiences tend to be:
people who have a particular interest in hearing you and your topic.
Groups of words preceded and followed by pauses are
phrases
The inoculation theory involves:
presenting a brief look at opposing arguments along with facts and logically disproving them
A question designed to make the audience think, and for which no answer is expected is known as a(n):
rhetorical question
According to the text, an attitude poll can be used to help you do all of the following except:
select your topic
A speaker's main points are: I. Clipping a poodle's head II. Clipping a poodle's midsection III. Clipping a poodle's legs IV. Clipping a poodle's tail The speaker is using which organizational pattern?
spatial
A speaker who worries that the audience knows more about his topic than he does is exhibiting the characteristic of trait anxiety known as
subordinate status
Relaxation with deep breathing involves:
tensing and relaxing each muscle group from your head to your toes as you inhale through the nose and slowly exhale through the mouth.
When analyzing the audience, situational information refers to:
the audience size and the audience members expectations about the topic.
Which pattern requires citation of evidence and strong supporting material to prove the existence of a relationship?
the causal pattern
A speaker's credibility depends less on logical proof and more on:
the listener's perception of the speaker
When listeners are persuaded, they usually attribute the persuasion to:
the speaker's use of evidence and logic
A type of commemorative speech that only lasts a minute or two is a:
toast
All of the following are listed as organizational patterns suitable for persuasive speeches except:
topical
Which organizational pattern is used most often in informative speeches?
topical
These audience members need a delivery that is dynamic and entertaining.
uninterested audience
This audience type has a short attention span and can be a real challenge to a speaker.
uninterested audience
Which of the following is not a specific objective of a speech to actuate?
urge the audience to agree with your viewpoint
Persuasive speakers are more likely than informative speakers to do all of the following except:
use a relaxed, informal style of language
All of the following are suggested as ways to enhance the credibility of your sources except:
use only sources with which your audience is already familiar.
All of these things will distract from your message except:
using visual aids
You should include something in your introduction that evokes the common ____ and feelings that brought your audience together.
values
Which of the following methods would be best in presenting complicated statistical information?
verbally, with a graph to illustrate
To avoid embarrassment during a speech of introduction, a speaker should:
verify all facts about the speaker he or she will introduce
What is the best way to prove to yourself that most nervousness is only minimally obvious to an audience?
videotape yourself giving a speech
Using information from respected sources:
will add credibility to your presentation.