Public speaking final 2
Cognitive dissonance is a type of ___ discomfort
mental
___ is particularly important in communicating feelings, emotions, attitudes, likes, and dislikes to an audience
nonverbal behavior
To communicate nonverbally, a speaker would ___
use gestures and facial expressions
when taking notes, it is best to
use quotation marks if you copy a sentence verbatim from a source
a web site that indexes world wide web information in a specific field in known as a(n) ___ search engine
vertical
which of the following is the domain in the URL: [email protected]?
.com
The classic theory which outlines basic human needs was developed by ___
Abraham Maslow
Which of the following countries demonstrates the most collectivistic culture?
Japan
Sarah wants to let her audience know that she is speaking of current times. What is the MOST succinct way she can say this?
Today...
culture
a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people
there are three types of opinions that can be used as supporting material in a speech; expert, lay, and
a literary quotation
Corinne wants to make sure her support materials are appropriate. Which of the following suggestions is accurate when evaluating materials?
abstract ideas should be explain with concrete examples and statistics
What is a good strategy to use to neutralize hostile questions from audience members?
acknowledge emotions
Carl began each sentence in his introduction with a word beginning with the letter B. This is an example of ___
alliteration
To end his speech, Kevin used a sentence in which the second part was in contrast to the meaning of the first part of the sentence. This is an example of ___
antithesis
the most obvious nonverbal response following a speech is ___
applause
Using humor in a speech is
appropriate unless the topic is very serious
Kelly wants to explain to her audience why an increase occurred in violent crime in the city of Chicago in the past five years. To do this succinctly, the best way would be to say ___
because...
when a culture is "high-power," members of that culture prefer
clearly defined lines of authority
Communication occurs when both speaker and listener share the same ___ - both verbal and nonverbal
code system
What theory suggests that when you are presented with information that is inconsistent with your beliefs, values, or behavior you become uncomfortable and recognize that you have a problem?
cognitive dissonance theory
Because Carla knew her audience disagreed with her idea that there should be a tax increase, she decided to begin her speech by stressing how both she and the audience agree that education is valuable and that high-quality teachers cost more money. Carla is trying to establish ___
common ground
What is the last step in the speechmaking process?
delivering the speech
what are the three primary types of information?
demographic, situational, and psychological
Statistical information about a population's age, race, gender, sexual orientation, education level and religious views are all components of ___
demographics
Claire used the dictionary to find the meaning of the word "truant". This will give her the ___ meaning.
denotative
the first step in researching your speech is
develop a preliminary bibliography
Tom called attention to his point by pounding his fist into the palm of his hand. This is an example of the ___ function of gesturing
emphasizing
Which type of test questions is considered open-ended?
essay
General words are more likely to refer to ___
ideas
Suspension occurs in a presentation when the speaker ___
withholds a key word or phrase until the end of a sentence
A word or phrase that is used uniquely by speakers in one part of a country is known as
a regionalism
When a person reasons by ___ , he or she is comparing one thing, person, or process with another
analogy
The process of producing speech sounds clearly and distinctly is know as ___
articulation
Of the following dispositions, which is considered the easiest to change?
attitudes
ELM theory helps explain how to craft a persuasive message from the perspective of the ___
audience
A few weeks after his presentation, Kevin conducted a survey to see how many of his audience members got out to vote. Kevin is looking for a(n) ___ response
behavioral
Which type of reasoning is Kyle using when he tells the audience that because interest rates are rising, the New York Exchange will see a record high?
causal
The following represents what? ; Jeff told his listeners that they had better hurry up and join because everyone else already had done so.
causal fallacy
When a speaker is informed, skilled, or knowledgeable about his or her topic, that speaker is said to be ___
competent
When Senator Joseph McCarthy tried to convince the nation that Communists were infiltrating the government and all facets of life in the US, he was behaving like a ___
demagogue
Tina knows that the audience will be unreceptive to her presentation. Which of the following is a good strategy for her to follow?
don't immediately announce a plan to change their minds
The ___ theory states that human emotional responses can be classified as eliciting feelings of pleasure, arousal, or dominance
emotional response
One of the factors influencing an audience's perception of a speaker's credibility is dynamism. This is equivalent to a speaker's ___
energy
If you are trying to persuade an audience who will be hostile to your point of view, it is a good idea to ___
establish your credibility
When you identify ways in which you as a speaker and your audience members are alike, you are in the process of ___
establishing common ground
In an effort to avoid ___, Charles adapted his delivery style to his diverse audience and tried to view different approaches as merely different from his own, but not right or wrong
ethnocentrism
Mario is Italian and believes that the practices of his culture are superior to other cultures. Mario demonstrates the idea of?
ethnocentrism
Kelly reminded the committee that the law regarding parking across the sidewalk had been on the books for ten years and that there was nothing they could do about it. Kelly is providing the committee with an
explanation
A(n) ___ illustration includes an opening, complications, a climax, and a resolution
extended
In North America, the most important aspect of delivery during public-speaking is ___
eye contact
A ___ is something that can be directly observed or can be proved to be true
fact
History shows that Al Gore received more votes nationwide than Bush in the 2000 presidential election. This is a proposition of ___
fact
Ideas about what a person holds to be true or false are that person's attitude (T/F)
false
Specific approaches to organizing speeches depend entirely on the speech topic itself (T/F)
false
to start off his presentation, jerome took time to explain the meanings of his company jargon - WRIT and FIL - that he would be using throughout his speech. In doing so, Jerome is using an illustration (T/F)
false
when selecting sources of support material for a speech, it is never a good idea to rely on your own personal knowledge or experience (T/F)
false
Written language style is more ___ than oral language style.
formal
The first step in the motivated sequence organizational pattern is to ___
get the attention of the audience
Benefits are more helpful than features when using positive motivation because benefits appeal to the ___, which is highly persuasive
heart
during her talk, shelby provided several scenarios that could happen if the citizens of the community fail to take a stand and demand that the city take care of the homeless population. shelby is using a(n) ___ illustration
hypothetical
a story or anecdote that gives an example of the idea you are presenting is know as a(n) ___
illustration
a figurative analogy typically relies on ___
imaginative insights
___ is the degree of perceived physical or psychological closeness between people
immediacy
During the Q&A portion of a presentation, the speaker's delivery style changes to ___ speaking
impromptu
Speaking off the cuff, is another term for ___ speaking
impromptu
When using the ___ persuasion route, the speaker does not elaborate and the audience is influenced by more peripheral factors
indirect
In Barack Obama's inaugural address, he said, "That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood." This is an example of ___ to create drama.
inversion
Tonya uses words like bits and microchips when talking to her colleagues at the software company. Words like this are an example of
jargon
A microphone that can be clipped to an article of clothing is know as a ___ microphone
lavaliere
A simile is easily identified by the use of the words ___
like or as
When someone refers to the denotation of a word, he or she is talking about the ___
literal meaning of the word
the more experts who support your points of view, the more your expert testimony will command your audience's attention. This relates to which consideration in choosing supporting material?
magnitude
The first element in a syllogism is the ___
major premise
One advantage of ___ speaking is that it allows you to have the maximum eye contact with the audience
memorized
A ___ is an implied comparison between two things or concepts
metaphor
In a rhetorical sense, a belief that is held in common with a group of people and is based on their values, heritage, and faith is known as a ___
myth
when a listener smiles at a speaker, it is a type of ___
nonverbal cue
According to the ___ theory, people have certain expectations as to how you should communicate.
nonverbal expectancy
When Julius Caesar stated, "I came, I saw, I conquered," it was an example of ___ to create drama
omission
when faced with a research task, people are most likely to start by looking ___
on the internet
when a speaker defines a term by showing how it works, the speaker is using a(n) ___ definition
operational
The word antithesis means
opposition
___ style facilitates interaction between the speaker and the audience
oral
When a grammatical pattern is used for two or more phrases, clauses, or sentences it is called ___
parallelism
___ refers to the idea of appealing to human emotion
pathos
The fact that every person needs air, water, and food is the basis for ___ needs
physiological
In a proposition of ___, you will typically find the word should.
policy
Ken told his audience that they should consider taking a course in social psychology because it would help them raise children with greater self-awareness. He is using ___ to motivate his audience.
positive motivation
Which statement about practicing your speech is the best advice?
practice makes perfect if practice is perfect
the original collector and interpreter of data is known as the ___
primary source
The most basic organizational pattern for a persuasive speech is a ___ pattern
problem-solution
Cindy says "pasgetti" instead of "spaghetti." She is having difficulty with her ___
pronunciation
A statement that summarized the ideas that a speaker wants an audience to agree to is called a
proposition
It is common for a speaker who wants to distract an audience from the real issues to use the ___ fallacy of faulty reasoning
red herring
Carlos will be presenting his speech to a neutral audience. Which of the following is a good suggestion for him to follow?
refer to beliefs that many listeners share
A statement that is made by a person who has reversed his or her position on a given issue is know as ___
reluctant testimony
When you are reading something in a book and you do not understand it, you can go back and reread the passage. Because you cannot do this when listening to a speech, oral language style should be more ___ than written style
repetitive
After Tom's speech, an audience member asked a hostile question. What can Tom do to help diffuse the hostility?
restate the question
Inversion is being used in a presentation when a speaker ___
reverses the normal word order of a phrase
when identifying possible presentation aids, you should
save anything that might potentially be used as a presentation aid as you conduct your research
The US Army slogan "Be all that you can be" is a good representation of ___ needs
self-actualization
When Jesse Jackson encourages his audience to chant the phrase "I am somebody." it is a direct appeal to the listener's ___ needs
self-esteem
Within the hierarchy of needs, the desire to think well of ourselves is classified as a ___ need.
self-esteem
Tina told her audience that the wind was like a warm blanket surrounding them with fresh ideas. She used ___ to make her point.
simile
The occasion for a speech would be a ___ characteristic for the audience analysis
situational
Trevor knew that the room in which his speech would be given, the time of day at which he would speak, and the size of his audience would all play an important part in how he should make his presentation. Trevor is using what to prepare his speech?
situational audience analysis
Maria meets with her book club every other month to discuss the latest works of fiction. Her book club is a type of what group?
social
What level in the hierarchy of needs translates into a person's need to feel a sense of belonging?
social
Kyle assumes that his neighbor must be pretty important in the community. He makes a good income, is the president of his company and has a doctoral degree. Kyle is basing his thoughts on his neighbor's
socioeconomic status
the collection of books, organized by call numbers that are found in libraries are called the ___
stacks
advertisements that make claims about three out of four doctors recommending a product, are using ___ as supporting material
statistics
for his talk on class enrollment size, Jason incorporated a chart that showed percentages and numbers relating to each level of classes. He is using ____ for support material
statistics
Jane made her presentation on the future of the company's investment plan was to a diverse audience. She decided to focus on the 401k aspect and reach to the newer employees specifically. This group is known as a
target audience
A speaker's ___ credibility is the perception an audience has of the speaker at the end of his or her speech.
terminal
gender
the culturally constructed and psychologically-based perception of oneself as either masculine or feminine
The primary information delivery system of the internet in known as
the world wide web
Social judgement theory says that a listener uses one of ___ categories of responses when confronted with a persuasive message
three
claire is researching her topic for an upcoming presentation and has found information on the internet that she wants to use. She does wonder, however, if the web site is current. What criteria is claire evaluating?
timeliness
A "listen-stupor" look is characterized by a slightly tilted head, a faint, frozen smile, and often a hand holding the chin up (T/F)
true
Audience adaptation is the process of ethically using information about an audience in order to adapt one's message so that it is clear and achieves the speaking objective (T/F)
true
If you know that your audience is already receptive to your message, it can be a good idea to ask your listeners for an immediate show of support (T/F)
true
Including too much highly stylized language can put the focus on your language rather than on your content (T/F)
true
It is especially beneficial to conduct a post-speech survey when you are trying to persuade an audience (T/F)
true
an online database is a subscription-based electronic resource that may offer access to abstracts and/or the full text of entries, as well as bibliographic data (T/F)
true
Which of the following is the best advice to give someone who is preparing speaking notes?
use whatever system works the best for you as the speaker
A ___ is an enduring concept of right or wrong, good or bad
value
A proposition of ___ calls for the listener to judge the worth of importance of something
value
Carol told her audience that if plastic bottles were not recycled, it would be equivalent to having all of the oceans completely filled with plastic and not water. What level of the motivated sequence is Carol demonstrating?
visualization
What is an example of of physiological need?
water
In developing your speech, you should use ___ as an anchor
your audience
Which philosopher and rhetorician asserted that there are three general methods for persuasion - ethos, logos, and pathos?
Aristotle