Public speaking final 2

Cognitive dissonance is a type of ___ discomfort

mental

___ is particularly important in communicating feelings, emotions, attitudes, likes, and dislikes to an audience

nonverbal behavior

To communicate nonverbally, a speaker would ___

use gestures and facial expressions

when taking notes, it is best to

use quotation marks if you copy a sentence verbatim from a source

a web site that indexes world wide web information in a specific field in known as a(n) ___ search engine

vertical

which of the following is the domain in the URL: [email protected]?

.com

The classic theory which outlines basic human needs was developed by ___

Abraham Maslow

Which of the following countries demonstrates the most collectivistic culture?

Japan

Sarah wants to let her audience know that she is speaking of current times. What is the MOST succinct way she can say this?

Today...

culture

a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people

there are three types of opinions that can be used as supporting material in a speech; expert, lay, and

a literary quotation

Corinne wants to make sure her support materials are appropriate. Which of the following suggestions is accurate when evaluating materials?

abstract ideas should be explain with concrete examples and statistics

What is a good strategy to use to neutralize hostile questions from audience members?

acknowledge emotions

Carl began each sentence in his introduction with a word beginning with the letter B. This is an example of ___

alliteration

To end his speech, Kevin used a sentence in which the second part was in contrast to the meaning of the first part of the sentence. This is an example of ___

antithesis

the most obvious nonverbal response following a speech is ___

applause

Using humor in a speech is

appropriate unless the topic is very serious

Kelly wants to explain to her audience why an increase occurred in violent crime in the city of Chicago in the past five years. To do this succinctly, the best way would be to say ___

because...

when a culture is "high-power," members of that culture prefer

clearly defined lines of authority

Communication occurs when both speaker and listener share the same ___ - both verbal and nonverbal

code system

What theory suggests that when you are presented with information that is inconsistent with your beliefs, values, or behavior you become uncomfortable and recognize that you have a problem?

cognitive dissonance theory

Because Carla knew her audience disagreed with her idea that there should be a tax increase, she decided to begin her speech by stressing how both she and the audience agree that education is valuable and that high-quality teachers cost more money. Carla is trying to establish ___

common ground

What is the last step in the speechmaking process?

delivering the speech

what are the three primary types of information?

demographic, situational, and psychological

Statistical information about a population's age, race, gender, sexual orientation, education level and religious views are all components of ___

demographics

Claire used the dictionary to find the meaning of the word "truant". This will give her the ___ meaning.

denotative

the first step in researching your speech is

develop a preliminary bibliography

Tom called attention to his point by pounding his fist into the palm of his hand. This is an example of the ___ function of gesturing

emphasizing

Which type of test questions is considered open-ended?

essay

General words are more likely to refer to ___

ideas

Suspension occurs in a presentation when the speaker ___

withholds a key word or phrase until the end of a sentence

A word or phrase that is used uniquely by speakers in one part of a country is known as

a regionalism

When a person reasons by ___ , he or she is comparing one thing, person, or process with another

analogy

The process of producing speech sounds clearly and distinctly is know as ___

articulation

Of the following dispositions, which is considered the easiest to change?

attitudes

ELM theory helps explain how to craft a persuasive message from the perspective of the ___

audience

A few weeks after his presentation, Kevin conducted a survey to see how many of his audience members got out to vote. Kevin is looking for a(n) ___ response

behavioral

Which type of reasoning is Kyle using when he tells the audience that because interest rates are rising, the New York Exchange will see a record high?

causal

The following represents what? ; Jeff told his listeners that they had better hurry up and join because everyone else already had done so.

causal fallacy

When a speaker is informed, skilled, or knowledgeable about his or her topic, that speaker is said to be ___

competent

When Senator Joseph McCarthy tried to convince the nation that Communists were infiltrating the government and all facets of life in the US, he was behaving like a ___

demagogue

Tina knows that the audience will be unreceptive to her presentation. Which of the following is a good strategy for her to follow?

don't immediately announce a plan to change their minds

The ___ theory states that human emotional responses can be classified as eliciting feelings of pleasure, arousal, or dominance

emotional response

One of the factors influencing an audience's perception of a speaker's credibility is dynamism. This is equivalent to a speaker's ___

energy

If you are trying to persuade an audience who will be hostile to your point of view, it is a good idea to ___

establish your credibility

When you identify ways in which you as a speaker and your audience members are alike, you are in the process of ___

establishing common ground

In an effort to avoid ___, Charles adapted his delivery style to his diverse audience and tried to view different approaches as merely different from his own, but not right or wrong

ethnocentrism

Mario is Italian and believes that the practices of his culture are superior to other cultures. Mario demonstrates the idea of?

ethnocentrism

Kelly reminded the committee that the law regarding parking across the sidewalk had been on the books for ten years and that there was nothing they could do about it. Kelly is providing the committee with an

explanation

A(n) ___ illustration includes an opening, complications, a climax, and a resolution

extended

In North America, the most important aspect of delivery during public-speaking is ___

eye contact

A ___ is something that can be directly observed or can be proved to be true

fact

History shows that Al Gore received more votes nationwide than Bush in the 2000 presidential election. This is a proposition of ___

fact

Ideas about what a person holds to be true or false are that person's attitude (T/F)

false

Specific approaches to organizing speeches depend entirely on the speech topic itself (T/F)

false

to start off his presentation, jerome took time to explain the meanings of his company jargon - WRIT and FIL - that he would be using throughout his speech. In doing so, Jerome is using an illustration (T/F)

false

when selecting sources of support material for a speech, it is never a good idea to rely on your own personal knowledge or experience (T/F)

false

Written language style is more ___ than oral language style.

formal

The first step in the motivated sequence organizational pattern is to ___

get the attention of the audience

Benefits are more helpful than features when using positive motivation because benefits appeal to the ___, which is highly persuasive

heart

during her talk, shelby provided several scenarios that could happen if the citizens of the community fail to take a stand and demand that the city take care of the homeless population. shelby is using a(n) ___ illustration

hypothetical

a story or anecdote that gives an example of the idea you are presenting is know as a(n) ___

illustration

a figurative analogy typically relies on ___

imaginative insights

___ is the degree of perceived physical or psychological closeness between people

immediacy

During the Q&A portion of a presentation, the speaker's delivery style changes to ___ speaking

impromptu

Speaking off the cuff, is another term for ___ speaking

impromptu

When using the ___ persuasion route, the speaker does not elaborate and the audience is influenced by more peripheral factors

indirect

In Barack Obama's inaugural address, he said, "That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood." This is an example of ___ to create drama.

inversion

Tonya uses words like bits and microchips when talking to her colleagues at the software company. Words like this are an example of

jargon

A microphone that can be clipped to an article of clothing is know as a ___ microphone

lavaliere

A simile is easily identified by the use of the words ___

like or as

When someone refers to the denotation of a word, he or she is talking about the ___

literal meaning of the word

the more experts who support your points of view, the more your expert testimony will command your audience's attention. This relates to which consideration in choosing supporting material?

magnitude

The first element in a syllogism is the ___

major premise

One advantage of ___ speaking is that it allows you to have the maximum eye contact with the audience

memorized

A ___ is an implied comparison between two things or concepts

metaphor

In a rhetorical sense, a belief that is held in common with a group of people and is based on their values, heritage, and faith is known as a ___

myth

when a listener smiles at a speaker, it is a type of ___

nonverbal cue

According to the ___ theory, people have certain expectations as to how you should communicate.

nonverbal expectancy

When Julius Caesar stated, "I came, I saw, I conquered," it was an example of ___ to create drama

omission

when faced with a research task, people are most likely to start by looking ___

on the internet

when a speaker defines a term by showing how it works, the speaker is using a(n) ___ definition

operational

The word antithesis means

opposition

___ style facilitates interaction between the speaker and the audience

oral

When a grammatical pattern is used for two or more phrases, clauses, or sentences it is called ___

parallelism

___ refers to the idea of appealing to human emotion

pathos

The fact that every person needs air, water, and food is the basis for ___ needs

physiological

In a proposition of ___, you will typically find the word should.

policy

Ken told his audience that they should consider taking a course in social psychology because it would help them raise children with greater self-awareness. He is using ___ to motivate his audience.

positive motivation

Which statement about practicing your speech is the best advice?

practice makes perfect if practice is perfect

the original collector and interpreter of data is known as the ___

primary source

The most basic organizational pattern for a persuasive speech is a ___ pattern

problem-solution

Cindy says "pasgetti" instead of "spaghetti." She is having difficulty with her ___

pronunciation

A statement that summarized the ideas that a speaker wants an audience to agree to is called a

proposition

It is common for a speaker who wants to distract an audience from the real issues to use the ___ fallacy of faulty reasoning

red herring

Carlos will be presenting his speech to a neutral audience. Which of the following is a good suggestion for him to follow?

refer to beliefs that many listeners share

A statement that is made by a person who has reversed his or her position on a given issue is know as ___

reluctant testimony

When you are reading something in a book and you do not understand it, you can go back and reread the passage. Because you cannot do this when listening to a speech, oral language style should be more ___ than written style

repetitive

After Tom's speech, an audience member asked a hostile question. What can Tom do to help diffuse the hostility?

restate the question

Inversion is being used in a presentation when a speaker ___

reverses the normal word order of a phrase

when identifying possible presentation aids, you should

save anything that might potentially be used as a presentation aid as you conduct your research

The US Army slogan "Be all that you can be" is a good representation of ___ needs

self-actualization

When Jesse Jackson encourages his audience to chant the phrase "I am somebody." it is a direct appeal to the listener's ___ needs

self-esteem

Within the hierarchy of needs, the desire to think well of ourselves is classified as a ___ need.

self-esteem

Tina told her audience that the wind was like a warm blanket surrounding them with fresh ideas. She used ___ to make her point.

simile

The occasion for a speech would be a ___ characteristic for the audience analysis

situational

Trevor knew that the room in which his speech would be given, the time of day at which he would speak, and the size of his audience would all play an important part in how he should make his presentation. Trevor is using what to prepare his speech?

situational audience analysis

Maria meets with her book club every other month to discuss the latest works of fiction. Her book club is a type of what group?

social

What level in the hierarchy of needs translates into a person's need to feel a sense of belonging?

social

Kyle assumes that his neighbor must be pretty important in the community. He makes a good income, is the president of his company and has a doctoral degree. Kyle is basing his thoughts on his neighbor's

socioeconomic status

the collection of books, organized by call numbers that are found in libraries are called the ___

stacks

advertisements that make claims about three out of four doctors recommending a product, are using ___ as supporting material

statistics

for his talk on class enrollment size, Jason incorporated a chart that showed percentages and numbers relating to each level of classes. He is using ____ for support material

statistics

Jane made her presentation on the future of the company's investment plan was to a diverse audience. She decided to focus on the 401k aspect and reach to the newer employees specifically. This group is known as a

target audience

A speaker's ___ credibility is the perception an audience has of the speaker at the end of his or her speech.

terminal

gender

the culturally constructed and psychologically-based perception of oneself as either masculine or feminine

The primary information delivery system of the internet in known as

the world wide web

Social judgement theory says that a listener uses one of ___ categories of responses when confronted with a persuasive message

three

claire is researching her topic for an upcoming presentation and has found information on the internet that she wants to use. She does wonder, however, if the web site is current. What criteria is claire evaluating?

timeliness

A "listen-stupor" look is characterized by a slightly tilted head, a faint, frozen smile, and often a hand holding the chin up (T/F)

true

Audience adaptation is the process of ethically using information about an audience in order to adapt one's message so that it is clear and achieves the speaking objective (T/F)

true

If you know that your audience is already receptive to your message, it can be a good idea to ask your listeners for an immediate show of support (T/F)

true

Including too much highly stylized language can put the focus on your language rather than on your content (T/F)

true

It is especially beneficial to conduct a post-speech survey when you are trying to persuade an audience (T/F)

true

an online database is a subscription-based electronic resource that may offer access to abstracts and/or the full text of entries, as well as bibliographic data (T/F)

true

Which of the following is the best advice to give someone who is preparing speaking notes?

use whatever system works the best for you as the speaker

A ___ is an enduring concept of right or wrong, good or bad

value

A proposition of ___ calls for the listener to judge the worth of importance of something

value

Carol told her audience that if plastic bottles were not recycled, it would be equivalent to having all of the oceans completely filled with plastic and not water. What level of the motivated sequence is Carol demonstrating?

visualization

What is an example of of physiological need?

water

In developing your speech, you should use ___ as an anchor

your audience

Which philosopher and rhetorician asserted that there are three general methods for persuasion - ethos, logos, and pathos?

Aristotle