Public Speaking Midterm
general speech purpose
The overall objective of the speech, such as to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
arrangement
The process of arranging and organizing your arguments for maximum impact
narrative
The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.
Athens, Greece
Where was public speaking derived from?
source qualifier
a brief description of the source's qualifications to address the topic
brainstorming
a method of generating ideas for speech topics through word association, mind mapping, and internet browsing using search engines ad directories
informative speech
a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding
special occasion speech
a speech that is prepared for a specific occasion and for a purpose dictated by that occasion
forensic oratory
advocating or legal speech
misinformation
always refers to something that is not true-always false
library portal
an entry point into a large collection of research and reference information that has been selected and reviewed by librarians
listening distraction
anything that competes for the attention we are trying to give to something else
Ethnocentrism
belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture over others
Topic (mind) mapping
brainstorming technique in which you lay out words in diagram form to show categorical relationships among them
small group communication
communication among a small number of people who share a common purpose or goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior
mass communication
communication to a large audience that is transmitted by media
oral citation
credits the source of speech material that is derived from other people's ideas
defensive listening
deciding that you won't like what speaker will say or that you know better
invention
discovering the types of evidence and arguments in ways that are best suited to the topic and audience
audience centered perspective
every aspect of creating your speech is geared toward communicating a meaningful message
supporting material
examples, narratives, testimony, facts, and statistics- support the speech's thesis and provides evidence
public speaking anxiety
fear or anxiety associated with communication to an audience as a speaker
testimony
firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and people's opinions
secondary sources
found in books, newspapers, periodicals, government publications , print or online reference works and social media sites.
propaganda
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
canons of rhetoric
invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery
specific speech purpose
lays out precisely what you want the audience to get from the speech, "at the end of my speech, the audience will..."
active listening
listening that is purposeful and focused- gathering and evaluating info
primary sources
may be your own personal experience; letters, diaries, old newspapers, photographs or other sources such as government documents and data, blogs, interviews or surveys that you conduct yourself
presentation aids
objects, models, pictures, graphs, charts, video, audio, or multimedia used alone or in combination to illustrate speech points
selective perception
people pay attention selectively to certain messages while ignoring others
encoding
process of organizing a message, choosing words and sentence structure and verbalizing the message
source credibility
refers to our level of trust in a source's credentials and track record for providing accurate information
memory
refers to the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered
pandering
saying whatever will please an audience even if it is not what the speaker really believes
style
specific word choices and rhetorical devices speakers use to express their ideas & acheive their speech purpose
epideictic oratory
speech delivered in special ceremonies- funerals and celebrations
deliberative oratory
speech given in legislative or political contexts
fighting words
speech that directly incites damaging conduct
main points
statements that express the key ideas and major themes of a speech
Ethical Public Speaking
take responsibility for your words, contribute to positive public discourse, observe the ground rules, avoid plagiarism, fair use and copyright
lay testimony
testimony by a non-expert- still useful for supporting material
expert testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
disinformation
the deliberate falsification of information- doctored photographs and falsified profit- and- loss statements are examples
analyze your audience
the first thing you should do before preparing your speech
deep web
the portion of the web composed of specialty databases, such as those used by the U.S. government, that are not accessible by traditional search engines; also called the invisible or hidden web
rhetoric
the practice of oratory, or public speaking.
public speaking
the process of speaking with a purpose to a group of people in a relatively formal setting
communication ethics
the standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and received
thesis statement
the theme of your speech stated as a single, declarative sentence. the essence of your speech
scriptwriting
thinking about what you, not the speaker, will say next
dyadic communication
two-person communication
delivery
vocal and nonverbal behavior that a speaker uses in a public speech - body language and gestures
word association
write down one topic that might interest you and your listeners then jot down what comes to mind
persuasive speech
A speech that attempts to change listeners' attitudes or behaviors by advocating or trying to gain acceptance of the speaker's point of view
hate speech
Any offensive communication - verbal or nonverbal - that is directed against people's racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or other characteristics.
6x6 rule
6 words per line 6 lines per slide
