Public Speaking Midterm

general speech purpose

The overall objective of the speech, such as to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.

arrangement

The process of arranging and organizing your arguments for maximum impact

narrative

The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.

Athens, Greece

Where was public speaking derived from?

source qualifier

a brief description of the source's qualifications to address the topic

brainstorming

a method of generating ideas for speech topics through word association, mind mapping, and internet browsing using search engines ad directories

informative speech

a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding

special occasion speech

a speech that is prepared for a specific occasion and for a purpose dictated by that occasion

forensic oratory

advocating or legal speech

misinformation

always refers to something that is not true-always false

library portal

an entry point into a large collection of research and reference information that has been selected and reviewed by librarians

listening distraction

anything that competes for the attention we are trying to give to something else

Ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture over others

Topic (mind) mapping

brainstorming technique in which you lay out words in diagram form to show categorical relationships among them

small group communication

communication among a small number of people who share a common purpose or goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior

mass communication

communication to a large audience that is transmitted by media

oral citation

credits the source of speech material that is derived from other people's ideas

defensive listening

deciding that you won't like what speaker will say or that you know better

invention

discovering the types of evidence and arguments in ways that are best suited to the topic and audience

audience centered perspective

every aspect of creating your speech is geared toward communicating a meaningful message

supporting material

examples, narratives, testimony, facts, and statistics- support the speech's thesis and provides evidence

public speaking anxiety

fear or anxiety associated with communication to an audience as a speaker

testimony

firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and people's opinions

secondary sources

found in books, newspapers, periodicals, government publications , print or online reference works and social media sites.

propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

canons of rhetoric

invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery

specific speech purpose

lays out precisely what you want the audience to get from the speech, "at the end of my speech, the audience will..."

active listening

listening that is purposeful and focused- gathering and evaluating info

primary sources

may be your own personal experience; letters, diaries, old newspapers, photographs or other sources such as government documents and data, blogs, interviews or surveys that you conduct yourself

presentation aids

objects, models, pictures, graphs, charts, video, audio, or multimedia used alone or in combination to illustrate speech points

selective perception

people pay attention selectively to certain messages while ignoring others

encoding

process of organizing a message, choosing words and sentence structure and verbalizing the message

source credibility

refers to our level of trust in a source's credentials and track record for providing accurate information

memory

refers to the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered

pandering

saying whatever will please an audience even if it is not what the speaker really believes

style

specific word choices and rhetorical devices speakers use to express their ideas & acheive their speech purpose

epideictic oratory

speech delivered in special ceremonies- funerals and celebrations

deliberative oratory

speech given in legislative or political contexts

fighting words

speech that directly incites damaging conduct

main points

statements that express the key ideas and major themes of a speech

Ethical Public Speaking

take responsibility for your words, contribute to positive public discourse, observe the ground rules, avoid plagiarism, fair use and copyright

lay testimony

testimony by a non-expert- still useful for supporting material

expert testimony

testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields

disinformation

the deliberate falsification of information- doctored photographs and falsified profit- and- loss statements are examples

analyze your audience

the first thing you should do before preparing your speech

deep web

the portion of the web composed of specialty databases, such as those used by the U.S. government, that are not accessible by traditional search engines; also called the invisible or hidden web

rhetoric

the practice of oratory, or public speaking.

public speaking

the process of speaking with a purpose to a group of people in a relatively formal setting

communication ethics

the standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and received

thesis statement

the theme of your speech stated as a single, declarative sentence. the essence of your speech

scriptwriting

thinking about what you, not the speaker, will say next

dyadic communication

two-person communication

delivery

vocal and nonverbal behavior that a speaker uses in a public speech - body language and gestures

word association

write down one topic that might interest you and your listeners then jot down what comes to mind

persuasive speech

A speech that attempts to change listeners' attitudes or behaviors by advocating or trying to gain acceptance of the speaker's point of view

hate speech

Any offensive communication - verbal or nonverbal - that is directed against people's racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or other characteristics.

6x6 rule

6 words per line 6 lines per slide