Purple Book
Joint laxity or instability presents as (in rheumatoid arthritis)
IP lateral deviation
A form of meditation practice that focuses awareness non-judgmentally on the present
Mindfulness meditation
When fabricating a dynamic mobilization orthosis that allows for active flexion of the digits for a client post surgery for joint replacements of the MCP joints, what position must the pull tension bring the digits into?
MCP joints to neutral extension with a radial pull
Trains peers to model social and communication skills in the natural environment
Peer-mediated intervention
Most common cause for lower limb amputations
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) related to diabetes and decreased wound healing
Holding the wrist flexed for 60sec describes what assessment
Phalen test
Complex motor actions mean...
actions that have multiple components and are associated with goal-oriented task performance, tool use, or gestures
Sequencing, space, and social demands are examples of
activity demands
Maintenance of joint ROM, skin mobility, strength, and activity tolerance are the primary goals of intervention for burn wounds of partial or full thickness, during the ______ stage
acute
Strength is increased by
adding weight or resistance
Redesigning daily occupations (intervention)
addresses developing a balance between resting and invigorating occupations
Organs especially susceptible to primary blast injury
air-filled organs(ear, lung, GI tract) and organs surrounded by fluid-filled cavities(brain, spinal cord) are especially susceptible to primary blast injury
If they have reasons to suspect substance abuse in their clients, practitioners should
alert their supervisor and referring physician
Asking the individual to read a paragraph and explain its meaning would be a screening method for
alexia
Righting reactions
align head and trunk into an upright position
Deck-style armrests on a wheelchair
allow a person to get closer to a table
Visual tracking
allows a person to track or follow a particular object in space
If a client makes an indirect comment that suggests he/she has considered suicide, the first action to take is to
ask directly if there is a plan to commit suicide
Specific vocational evaluation
assesses a person's readiness to return to a particular occupation
Models consistent with top-down approach
assist the client in identifying, developing, and utilizing cognitive strategies to perform activities
On an assistive technology team, the vocational rehabilitation agency typically
assists in job placement
On an assistive technology team, the vocational rehabilitation counselor typically
assists with the vocational goals setting
Spherical grasp (ball grasp)
assumed for holding round object; differs from cylindrical grasp primarily in positioning of fourth and fifth digits; the two ulnar digits are supported in greater extension to allow for a more open hand posture
Predictive research
at least two variables are measured to determine if they are related
Individuals with ______ have difficulty grading the force and range of movement that is needed
ataxia
Models consistent with bottom-up approach
attempt to explain the underlying causes of functional deficits
Reducing distractions and presenting information in short units are strategies most appropriate for individuals with deficits in
attention and information processing
Level III evidence
comes from a nonrandomized controlled trial
Level IV evidence
comes from a single group design without a control group
Level II evidence
comes from a single randomized controlled trial
Dyspraxia
common disorder that affects movement and co-ordination
Primary model of practice for someone with ALS is
compensatory
Techniques used to remediate edema and stiffness during the acute phase (postinjury) of edema management
cold thermal modalities, nonthermal ultrasound, compression garments/pumps/wrapping, elevation, PROM, AAROM, AROM
Interdisciplinary teams
collaborate on goals and come to a consensus
Consultative approach is a
collaborative process to identify and solve problems with occupations, prevent future problems, and achieve identified goals
Allen test assesses
collateral circulation
Cognitive beliefs
concern how people think about themselves
Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
concerned with how people participate in daily occupations and achieve a sense of competence in identity
Total active ROM
considers the dynamics of tendon excursion and joint mobility
Isometric exercises
contractions of a particular muscle or group of muscles, resulting in no joint movement
Cognitive behavioral therapy identifies and challenges distorted beliefs by providing
contrary evidence
Assessment research
examines the reliability and validity of tests as well as their usefulness in practice and research
Peer support group
family-run groups that provide emotional and practical support to members
Gravitational insecurity
fear in response to being moved through space
Success using a biofeedback continence strategy is reported with
fecal incontinence
Selective attention involves
filtering and focusing on the relevant stimuli in the environment
Deep pressure touch strategies involve
firm holding, hugging, cuddling, squeezing, or the use of a weighted vest when someone is feeling out of control
Declarative learning
fits well within the cognitive stage of learning because learners can talk themselves through the sequence
Behavior associated with antisocial personality disorder
fixation or perseveration
MMT grade 0
flaccidity and no strength
Low motor neuron lesions are associated with
flaccidity, fasciculations, and diminished deep tendon reflexes
Motor behavior signs of stress
flaccidity, hypertonicity, hyperflexion
What motion should be avoided or modified when a client has carpal tunnel syndrome in order to prevent inflammation
flexion at the wrist, especially while grasping or pinching
Positioning strategy for a client laying supine post hip replacement
foam wedge between the legs to help prevent leg adduction past midline
Interpersonal problems (associated with the inner experience and behaviors of personality disorders)
include difficulty developing and maintaining meaningful relationships with others
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is used for
pain relief
Tertiary blast injury
individual is thrown from the blast into a solid object such as an adjacent wall or even a steering wheel ; associated with acceleration/deceleration forces and blunt force trauma to the brain
C6 level injury
individual requiring modA in self-care and total A with transfers
Hypoglycemia is
low blood sugar
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (greatly impact an individual's level of functioning)
low energy, anhedonia, inattention
When a patient is having a seizure, the practitioner should
lower the patient to the floor
Family characteristics that can predispose an individual to an eating disorder include
rigidity, overprotectiveness, and lack of the opportunity to develop autonomy
Interpersonal skills are most effectively addressed through
role-playing and discussion groups
Equilibrium reactions
maintain the center of gravity over the base of support
MMT grade 4
maintains testing position with moderate force and completes full ROM
MMT grade 5
maintains the testing position with full force and completes full ROM
Borderline personality disorder characteristics include
making frantic efforts to avoid real or perceived abandonment
Presents as lack of DIP extension
mallet finger
presents as a lack of DIP extension
mallet finger
Device that may be required for an individual with C5 quadriplegia when performing oral hygiene activities
mobile arm support
Mild neurocognitive disorder presents with
modest cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains without any impact on ADL or IADL
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis
painful condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist
Muscles with poor minus strength would only be able to move a body part through
partial ROM in a gravity-eliminated position
Scotomas
partial loss of vision or blurred spot in otherwise normal visual field
Major problems encountered in ADL performance for person with ataxia are
safety and adequate stability of gait, body parts, and objects to complete the task
Biofeedback continence strategy
offers elders visual and auditory information to teach voluntary control of certain functions
Contralateral
on the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral
on the same side of body
Job coaching
one form of supported employment
Emotional perception
one's ability to recognize and interpret emotional signals within social communication
Static two point testing ; Protective
only one point is perceived
Diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability
onset of condition during the developmental period and have both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits
The Architectural Barriers Act of 1968
opened doors for changes to occur in gaining access for disabled individuals
Cooperative play
organized cooperatively and involves a division of labor to achieve a common goal; i.e. interactive card game
Verbal cues, external aids, and opportunities to practice are strategies most appropriate for individuals with deficits in
orientation
Positioning client in supine would be in response to
orthostatic hypotension
What level of assistance: child performs the task on their own, but cannot be safely left alone, or may need verbal cuing or physical prompts for 1% to 24% of the task
supervision level
Mobilization orthoses can only increase (passive/active) ROM
passive range of motion
Secondary blast injury may cause
penetrating brain injury
Playing imitating gesture games (Simon Says) facilitates _____ processing
perceptual
Motor, cognitive, and perceptual skills are examples of
performance skills
Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others ; they protect themselves from others by keeping their distance and appearing removed
Schizotypical personality disorder is characterized by
pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort, reduced close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities in behavior
PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion
swan neck deformity
Presents as hyperextension of the PIP and flexion of the DIP
swan neck deformity
First symptoms of HO
swelling, warmth, and decreased ROM
Protective extension
postural reaction used to prevent injury during LOB
There is no question that a client for a C5 spinal cord injury will require a _______ wheelchair for independent mobility
power
Walking barefoot on a multi-textured surface, and playing in a large box of puffed plastic pellets emphasize _______ input
tactile
Elbow extension would be facilitated by
tapping or quick stretch of the muscle belly
Often called the eyes of the hands because of its importance in sensory innervation of the volar(palm) surface of the hands
the median nerve
For a mobile arm support to perform properly, the individual's _____ needs to be supported laterally to provide a stable base from which the arm may move
trunk
transhumeral amputation
above elbow
transfemoral amputation
above-knee
Upper motor neuron lesions are associated with
spasticity
The width of the seat on a wheelchair should not be more than
.5 to 1 inch on each side of the patient's thigh
Onset of HO is usually __________ after injury
1 to 4 months
What age does a child indicate discomfort when wet or soiled
1 year old
Five-step process of evidence based practice
1. Identify the problem 2. Identify relevant research 3. Evaluate the found research 4. Implement into practice 5. Evaluate outcomes
Sequences of grasp pattern development reflect three types of progression:
1. Ulnar fingers show activation before radial fingers and thumb 2. Palmar grasp (proximal) patterns precede finger grasp (distal) patterns 3. Extrinsic muscle activation dominates before intrinsic muscle activation
Scissor skills development
1. cut snips 2. cut straight line 3. cut straight lines with enough control to cut out a triangle 4. cut curved lines 5. cut heavier material
Static two point testing ; Fair
6-10mm apart
Stages of intervention for guillain-barre syndrome
1. proper positioning for trunk, head, and upper extremity are imperative in the early active stage 2. followed by gentle non-resistive activities and light ADL as tolerated 3. resistive exercises and balance and stabilization activities should me implemented during the recovery stage, after strength begins to improve
3 core skills of motivational interviewing
1. reflective listening 2. affirmations 3. change talk
Diagnoses associated with cumulative trauma usually fall into one of three categories:
1. tendinitis 2. nerve compression syndromes 3. myofascial pain
The earliest age a means of assisted mobility should be introduced
1.5yrs (18mo)
Typically developing children should be able to sit unsupported for several minutes by the age of
6-7 months
Children between the ages of _________ may take first steps, cruise, and walk with one hand held
10 and 12 months
allowing members to share similar experiences and reactions is a strategy designed to develop
cohesiveness among groups
Static two point testing ; Poor
11-15mm apart
Ratio for determining how long to make a ramp
12 inches in length for every one inch the ramp must rise (1 foot of ramp for every inch of rise in height)
Normal blood pressure reading
120/80
According to ADA guidelines, a doorway width needs to have a minimum clearance of ________ for wheelchair accessibility
32 inches
Skin-conditioning techniques should be used for any burned areas or surgical sites that took longer than _________ to heal
2 weeks
At what age do most children have daytime control over elimination, with occasional accidents, and still need to be reminded to use the toilet
2 years old
What age is a child expected to know when they have to use the toilet and be able to get on and off the toilet; may need assistance to cleanse themselves and manage fasteners or difficult clothing
3 years old
Which of the following durable equipment would be covered by Medicare: 1. raised toilet seat 2. grab bars 3. commode 4. tub bench
3. commode
Proper height of grab bars around toilet
33-36 inches above the floor
Complete independence in using the toilet is usually achieved by age
4 to 5 years old
Household ambulation distance is considered
50ft
When fully seated at an ergonomic workstation, the individual's chair base should have _____ points or casters
5; for optimal stability
Static two point testing ; Normal
5mm or less apart
Normal ROM for internal rotation of shoulder is
70 degrees
Community ambulation distance is considered
900ft
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig's Disease)
A nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical function
Partial weight bearing (PWB)
indicates that 50% of body weight may be applied to the affected leg
Hypothenar region
intrinsic muscles of the hand located within the medial side of the palm
Most appropriate method to achieve desensitization on a client who suffered a crush injury to the hand
Active ROM, massage, and pressure
Relies on the environment or tools to successfully complete an activity rather than seeking to change the client's abilities
Adaptive approach
Compressing one of the two main arteries to the hand while asking the client to open and close their hand describes what assessment
Allen test
Most common form of neurodegenerative disease
Alzheimer's
Characterized by IP flexion in the digits as well as atrophy of the thenar eminence; caused by a median nerve injury and prevents full abduction and opposition of the thumb
Ape hand deformity
Used commonly to determine extent of injuries
Assessments, such as Ranchos Scale
Utilizes devices and systems to augment or replace spoken or written language
Augmentative or alternative communication
Emphasis on a child's inner drive and active participation are key features guiding an intervention based on
Ayres Sensory Integration
Involves a collaborative process that requires the individual to examine irrational beliefs and related emotional and behavioral responses related to a specific situation that is interfering with their occupational performance
Behavioral experiments
Motions necessary to operate the terminal device for transradial amputation
Biscapular abduction and humeral flexion on the amputated side
Results when only one side of the spinal cord is damaged as in a stabbing or gunshot injury; Motor paralysis and loss of proprioception occurs below the level of the injury on the ipsilateral side; Loss of pain, temperature and touch sensation occurs on the contralateral side
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Ventilator dependent and require total physical assistance from a caregiver to complete ADL (spinal cord injury level)
C1-C3
Involves transforming objects into a new configuration; i.e. building with blocks, arts and crafts, molding clay, assembling models, making a beaded necklace
Constructive play
One's ability to manage difficult situations
Coping
MMT grade 3
muscle breaks immediately with force and completes full ROM
Elastic taping reduces
muscle fatigue by supporting and enhancing the contraction of weakened muscles
Delayed feedback
not immediately provided following completion of a task
Deltoid aid
positions the arm to help weak shoulder and elbow muscles to position the hand
Characterized by pain and inflammation at the radial styloid and affects comfortable use of the thumb for functional tasks; caused by inflammation of the tendons in the thumb
De Quervain's syndrome
Questions to consider when deciding between a power tilt and power recline wheelchair include
Does the user have significant spasticity that is facilitated by hip and knee extension during the recline phase? Does the user have hip or knee contractures that prohibit their ability to recline fully? Will the power recline or tilt decrease or make more efficient use of caregiver time? Will a power recline or tilt reduce the need for transfers to the bed for cauterizations and rest periods throughout the day? Will the patient require quick position changes in the event of hypotension and/or autonomic dysreflexia?
Questions to consider when deciding between a power and manual wheelchair include
Does the user have sufficient upper body strength to propel a manual wheelchair? Does the user demonstrate progressive functional loss that requires powered energy conservation options? Is the individual's home accessible for use of such a mobility device?
The thickening of the fascia within the hand that causes those fingers affected to form flexion contractures
Dupuytren's disease
Includes all pureed food that should be homogenous, pudding-like in consistency ; no course textures, raw fruits or vegetables, or nuts allowed
Dysphagia level 1 diet
Includes soft foods that stay together as a cohesive bolus
Dysphagia level 2 diet
Requires the client to be able to chew and have adequate oral motor skills to form cohesive bolus of textured foods and move the bolus posteriorly in the oral cavity ; a step down from a regular diet
Dysphagia level 3 diet
wrist cock-up splint
positions the wrist in extension and leaves the fingers free
Primary prevention
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
The surrounding things, influences, and conditions that impact a person's ability to perform
Environment
Instructing a stand-to-sit transfer to an individual post hip replacement using a posterolateral approach while adhering to precautions, COTA would state
Extend the operated leg forward, reach back for the armrests, slowly sit
Form of neuromuscular electrical stimulation that is used in place of orthosis or to yield a specific movement
Functional electrical stimulation
Structured interview
requires following the procedure, order, and wording of the questions to be asked
Is a collaborative process that reveals alternative options for dealing with the issue being discussed
Guided discovery
The patterns in which we do activities
Habits
Electrical stim used for tissue repair and healing
High-voltage galvanic stimulation
________ are essential to cognitive behavioral therapy
Homework assignments
Utilizes routines or habits to prompt the individual to the next step; designed to change a functional level
Restorative approach
Assists children to develop reciprocity in communication
Joint attention training
Reactivation of interests (intervention) would best apply to what model
MOHO
Landmarks needed for a radial bar wrist cock-up splint
MP heads on the radial and ulnar sides of the hand, the base of the web space, the wrist joint on the radial side, and two-thirds length of the forearm
Landmarks needed for a short opponens splint
MP heads on the radial and ulnar sides of the hand, the radial and ulnar sides of the wrist, and the IP crease of the thumb
Hook grasp
MPs held in extension, and the DIP and PIP joints are held in flexion; does not include thumb to supply opposition
Tertiary blast injury may cause
Multiple fractures and injuries similar to those seen in motor vehicle accidents
Tracks muscle contractions using built-in electrodes; typically located at the wrist, biceps, triceps, or pectoralis major, and are used to open and close the device
Myoelectric prosthesis
Produce scores that compare an individual's performance to a large, diverse sample size
Norm-referenced assessments
utilizes a pulsed alternating current to stimulate intact peripheral motor nerves to produce a motor response or muscle contraction
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Timing of the medication and the periods of on-off are important considerations in planning the client's daily activities for an individual with
Parkinson's disease
Provides strong sensory input; i.e. running, hopping, skipping, and tumbling performed without any particular goal
Physical or Rough-and-Tumble play
Begins around age 2 when toddlers begin to represent the world symbolically; make-believe play
Pretend play/Symbolic play
Most important actions to take when client begins grand-mal seizure
Prevent injuries that can occur from falling or hitting objects during movement, loosening clothing that is restrictive, placing blanket or cushion underneath client
To minimize the risk of aspiration, _________ foods are chosen for clients with decrease oral motor control and chewing difficulties or apraxia
Pureed
Goniometer measures
ROM
________ is designed to maintain or improve awareness of time, situation, and place, and often uses activities related to holidays and other temporal concepts
Reality orientation approach
Involves leisure experiences that allow the exploration of interests and roles such as sports; i.e. spending time with friends at a coffee shop, joining a community sports league
Recreational play
__________ is a group discussion technique for helping depressed and confused persons organize their thoughts and feelings; topic selection is based on the clients' interests, age, cultural background and personal histories
Remotivation approach
One's ability to endure a stressful situation without suffering the physiological or psychological consequences that can be associated with such adversity
Resilience
Provides opportunity for playfulness through pretend play, and focuses on the activity at hand
Role-playing with dolls
Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb, caused by pressure downward into the thumb webspace of the thumb
Skier's thumb
The ability to interact with others
Socialization
An early intervention specialist directs the provision of services and works with team members to meet the family's priorities and goals
The Primary Service Provider Model
Extrapyramidal syndrome
drug-induced movement disorder; may cause muscular rigidity, tremors, and/or sudden muscle spasms
A worksheet that assists the individual to organize and examine their thoughts, beliefs, and emotional responses when they are feeling distress
Thought Record
Activities used in evaluation groups should require
group collaboration that can be done in approx 45min and emphasize process rather than end product
Used to teach a client new skills that were never taught previously; often used with clients who have developmental delays
habilitative goal
Helps a child identify their level of arousal using a 3-stage program based on the running of an engine
The Alert Program
Most difficult to control because they require intact oral motor strength and coordination, and an intact swallow to prevent aspiration
Thin liquids
One's ability to balance work, rest, sleep, and play
Time use
"Examiner gently taps along the course of the nerve, moving toward the surgical site" describes what assessment
Tinel sign
Landmarks needed for a resting hand splint
Tracing the hand, leaving approx one-half-inch excess along the forearm area and marking two-thirds length of the forearm
Rolling from back to stomach (by 6mo) Independent sitting (6-7mo) Creeping (after 7mo) Cruising, supported stand, sideward stepping (at 12mo) Moving from supine to sitting (by 12mo)
Typical motor milestone progression for infants
Utilizes pictures or text to elicit communication
Visual supports
Peripheral neuropathy
Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet
Common personality characteristics of individuals with anorexia nervosa include
introversion, perfectionism, and cautiousness or tendency to avoid risk
Narrative reasoning
a process used to make sense of people's particular circumstances ; prospectively imagine the effect of illness, disability, or occupational performance problems on their daily lives
What type of nipple is most effective for children with a cleft lip because it tends to create suction
a broad-based nipple
An individual with C7-T1 level injury requires _____ adaptive equipment for dressing
a leg lifter, sock aid, and dressing stick
The best splint to fabricate for an individual following an open reduction with internal fixation for radial head fracture with lateral collateral ligament damage
a long arm splint with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and forearm in pronation, to restrict rotation and protect from valgus stress on the elbow
The best splint to fabricate for an individual following an open reduction with internal fixation for radial head fracture with medial collateral ligament damage
a long arm splint with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and forearm in supination, to restrict rotation and protect from valgus stress on the elbow
What type of nipple allows the liquid to be deposited toward the back of the mouth, making it easier for the infant to swallow
a long, thin nipple
Progressive resistive exercise is the most effective method for increasing strength in
a muscle with fair plus strength
What type of nipple was developed specifically for infants with cleft palate to deliver flow without requiring suction
a nipple with a one-way valve; commonly known as a Special Needs Feeder; formerly known as Habermann Feeder
What type of nipple is most effective for children who perform better with a steady flow of liquid
a nipple with a single hole
What type of nipple is most effective for children who perform better with a burst of fluid
a nipple with several holes
A post offer screening assesses
a person's ability to meet certain physical requirements before being hired for a job
An individual with T2-T12 level injury requires _____ adaptive equipment for dressing
a reacher, sock aid, and dressing stick
Individualized Transition Plan (ITP)
a reflection of the skills and aptitudes, and guides preparation for postschool programs; developed by the time the student turns 16 y/o
General rule of thumb for caregiving in the NICU is to use
a slow interactive approach, with a single sensory input at a time
Autonomic dysreflexia is
a syndrome in which there is a sudden onset of excessively high blood pressure
Standardized tests include
a test manual, fixed number of items, fixed protocol for administration, and a fixed guideline for scoring
Pain and swelling in the surgical side lower extremity following a total hip replacement could indicate
a thrombus
Optimal position for an individual to be a candidate for a mobile arm support
ability to sit in an upright position
Visual-motor integration
ability to translate visual information into a motor response
Spasticity
abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle
Children with spastic diplegia have
abnormal tone affecting all 4 extremities, but with primary movement limitations in the lower extremities
Visual discrimination
ability to discriminate dominant features of different objects
Stereognosis
ability to identify an object by manipulating it w/ the fingers without seeing it
Self-awareness
ability to identify one's strengths and weaknesses
Self-regulation
ability to manage emotions, moods, and impulses and channel these feelings in useful ways
Graphesthesia
ability to recognize numbers, letters, or forms written on the skin
Visual acuity
ability to see and clearly recognize objects in the environment while moving in space
When fully seated at an ergonomic workstation, the individual should be seated _________ from the computer
an arm's length
General positioning guidelines for optimal oral motor control during feeding include
an upright sitting position with the neck slightly flexed forward
IADL, leisure, and social participation are examples of
areas of occupation
Brachial plexus injury may result in damage to
any or all of the UE peripheral nerves ; may cause motor and/or sensory impairments
Asking the individual to demonstrate common gestures such as waving is a technique to screen for
apraxia
Elevating footrests on wheelchair
are desirable for individuals with lower extremity edema
Precautions for anterolateral THA
avoid external rotation, adduction, and extension
Most important safety precaution when caring for pets for people with impaired sensation
avoid feeding them by hand
Precautions for posterolateral THA
avoid hip flexion greater than 90 degrees, internal rotation, and adduction
Behaviors that indicate possible health literacy concerns include
avoiding pamphlets, claiming to have forgotten glasses, and avoiding the completion of forms
When fabricating a splint, at what point should the padding(foam) be added
before molding; can either be put back into the thermoplastic, or leave a 'bubble' to avoid a bony prominence
COTA completes all of the steps of a task except the last one, as child becomes competent, the COTA completes all but the last two steps, and so on, until the child is able to perform the entire activity
backward chaining
Level V evidence
based on case study or expert opinion
the potential to measure an activity's results is central to a ______ FOR
behavioral
Participating in an activity without acting out would be consistent with a (FOR)
behavioral FOR
Biofeedback conditioning (intervention) would best apply to what model
behavioral model
transradial amputation
below elbow
transtibial amputation
below-knee
Reclining backrest wheelchair
benefits individuals who are unable to sit upright for prolonged periods of time, or who need to recline for weight shifts
Valgus
bent outward
Best hip flexion angle for optimal sitting
between 100 and 110 degrees
Clients with severe hypertonicity may require progressive inhibitory casting, aka
bi-valve casting
NDT techniques are used to improve the quality of an individual's movement using
bilateral and symmetrical movement patterns, weight-bearing on affected limbs, and balance challenges
Uses voluntary muscle control during performance of activities for individuals with deficits in strength, endurance, or ROM
biomechanical approach
___________ is a treatment approach used when a person has a deficit in strength, endurance, or ROM, but has voluntary muscle control during performance activities
biomechanical approach
Environmental adaptations (intervention) would best apply to what model
biomechanical model
Control motion to control the terminal device in a transhumeral prosthesis
biscapular abduction and humeral flexion with the elbow joint locked
The first step in treating stress, urge, and mixed incontinence
bladder training
Thrombus
blood clot
Uses specific shoulder movements to place tension on the cable, which then opens and closes the terminal device
body-operated prosthesis
Heterotopic ossification (HO)
bone formation that occurs in the muscles around the hips and knees, occasionally noted at the elbow and shoulder
PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension
boutonniere deformity
Presents as flexion of the PIP and hyperextension of the DIP
boutonniere deformity
A screening followed by education, brief intervention and referral to treatment if needed
brief screening intervention
A child with limited visual acuity would be observed
bringing objects and papers close to his eyes in order to see them better
Acidosis
buildup of acid in the bloodstream
Area Agency on Aging
can assist in locating resources to support elders to continue living safely in their communities
Developing new routines and habits (intervention)
can assist people with severe mental illness to perform activities independently
person with severe intellectual disability
cannot read, has limited communication skills, and requires significant support in all ADL activities
Most common cause of death for individuals with schizophrenia is associated with
cardiovascular disease
Bladder training
caregivers instruct elders to resist the urge to urinate and to follow a planned time schedule
Common personality characteristics of individuals with bulimia nervosa include
carelessness, extroversion, and compromise
Glaucoma
causes gradual failing of peripheral vision
Remediative goals are written to
change a functional level to achieve a stated function
Solitary play
child playing in isolation
Parallel play
child plays independently beside or near other children
Values, beliefs, and mental functions are examples of
client factors
When fabricating a splint, what kind of foam should be used to protect or avoid a bony prominence
closed-cell foam
Cataracts
clouding of the lens in the eye, causing blurred vision ; generally related to aging ; dull colors and blurs visual details throughout the visual field
Cognitive restructuring (intervention) would best apply to what model
cognitive behavioral theory
Identifies distorted beliefs and challenges them by providing contrary evidence
cognitive behavioral therapy
Uses graded and repeated practice of cognitive tasks within daily occupations
cognitive remediation approach
Employs efforts to find and appreciate the positive aspects of the situation
cognitive restructuring
Modality to provide pain relief from acute swelling
cryotherapy (superficial cooling agents)
Remedial techniques that can be used for pain management in the acute phase of healing
cryotherapy and cold packs, nonthermal ultrasound, splinting and iontophoresis
Weight bearing through the affected arm and hand can ______ muscle spasticity
decrease
Low-level radial nerve injury results in
decreased extension of the MCP joints of the thumb and fingers
Damage to ulnar nerve at the wrist causes
decreased grip strength and complete or partial loss of sensation over half of the fourth digit(ring finger) and entire fifth digit(pinky), plus the proximal hypothenar region
Individual's with peripheral neuropathies have
decreased tactile sensation in their fingertips
Difficulty in seeing contrast and color are two forms of
decreased visual acuity
Retrograde massage
decreases edema by assisting with the facilitation of blood and lymph movement
Transdisciplinary teams
dedicate time to learning about other disciplines and work across disciplinary boundaries
Pulling on a rope against the resistance of another person (i.e. tug of war) affords alternating pushing and pulling, provide _________ input to facilitate increased arousal
deep proprioceptive
MMT grade 2
demonstrates full ROM only in gravity-eliminated position
MMT grade 1
demonstrates muscle tension but no movement during ROM attempts
person with profound intellectual disability
dependent in all ADL activities and may have the ability to follow 1 or 2-step commands
C4 or higher paraplegia
dependent in the areas of self-care and transfers
Loss of interest in life activities, increase in sleep, and significant impairments in social and occupational endeavors are characteristic of a
depressive episode
Children with conduct disorders frequently
destroy property
On an assistive technology team, the OT practitioner typically
determines which part of the body has sufficient motor control for operating the technology and then recommends the type of input access device (i.e. switch, keyword, software, etc) that will best meet the client's needs
having an activity that is consistent with the skills at a specific age level is linked to a _______ FOR
developmental
Dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
Equipment ordering is part of the ___________ in a rehabilitation setting
discharge plan
Tactile defensiveness
discomfort with various textures and with unexpected touch
Age-related macular degeneration
disease associated with aging that affects sharp, central vision
Principle of nonmalefience
doing no harm
Dyslexia
dysfunction in reading
Secondary prevention focus
early detection in which the patient can then seek treatment if needed
Children with moderate intellectual impairment are unlikely to progress past the ______ level in academics
elementary
intervention to best enhance visual memory
embed a recommended memory strategy into the daily routines to help organize their work such as mnemonics, rehearsal and imagery
Sensorimotor approach treatment techniques include
employment of primitive reflexes, such as those infants display
The occupation initially impacted by a neurocognitive disorder
employment/work
Weight training with high repetitions and low resistance will increase
endurance
Health promotion goals emphasis is on
enhancing the context and activities in order to enable occupational participation; may be addressed with clients individually, in a group, a community, or organization; may be used more frequently in emerging practice areas
Timed voiding
establishing a fixed schedule that requires the client to void every 2 hours
Medicare provides medical coverage for
everyone over 65 years of age who qualifies for SS benefits or those under 65 years of age with disabilities
The frontal lobe is responsible for
executive functions and motor control
Fair Housing Amendments Act
expanded coverage of the Fair Housing Act to prohibit discrimination based on disability or on familial status
Primary blast injury
exposure to the over pressurization wave or the complex pressure wave that is generated by the blast itself
Principle of autonomy
expresses the concept that practitioners have a duty to treat the client's desires, within the bounds of accepted standards of practice and to protect the clients confidential information
When performing interventions at a table, the OTA should ideally
face the client across a narrow table that is of approx elbow height
Strategies to address "freezing" (difficulty starting and stopping movements) while walking
focusing attention(concentrating) on walking while avoiding all nonessential talking or distraction(i.e. avoiding crowds)
Orthostatic hypotension is
form of low blood pressure caused by blood vessels failing to constrict when the body takes an upright position
Family consultation
formal approach that educates families in a clinical setting individually or within a group and determines their need for services
Begins with the child completing the first step, and the practitioner completing the rest, when competent the child progressively takes on more of the steps
forward chaining
Majority of visual perceptual deficits are found in
foundational skills (oculomotor control, visual field, visual acuity)
Prompted voiding is recommended for elders who are
frail or cognitively impaired
Sign of intermittent explosive disorder
frequent emotional outbursts
adhesive capsulitis is also called
frozen shoulder
Goals should be
functional, measurable, and objective
Purpose of a political action committee is to
further an association's legislative aims by influencing or attempting to influence the selection, nomination, election, or appointment of any individual to any federal public office
Autonomic nervous system signs of physiological instability/stress
gasps, startles, hiccups
Semistructured interview
gather additional information ; questions may be paraphrased, selected as they are relevant to the client, or additional questions may be asked
Is contraindicated on a dysphagia diet since it quickly liquefies and becomes a thin liquid
gelatin
Multidisciplinary teams
generate discipline-specific goals
Goal of inpatient rehabilitation is to
get the patient safely to the least restrictive next level of care
Most important safety measures for caregiver maneuvering wheelchair
going forward when ascending a curb step, going backward down a curb step, and tilting w/c backward going down a ramp
Sports most often recommended by orthopedic surgeons following hip replacement
golf, cycling, bowling
Signs of acidosis
gradual onset, flushed skin, drowsiness, labored breathing, and vomiting
Dynamometer measures
grip strength ; not particularly sensitive to thumb opposition
examples of cylindrical grasp
gripping hammer, pot handle, drinking glass, walker or crutch
Psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations and delusions
Primary therapeutic treatment to normalize movement when using NDT techniques
handling
person with moderate intellectual disability
has academic performance significantly below their peers and will need extensive teaching and cuing supports to learn vocational skills
Primary Service Provider Model
has an early intervention specialist direct the provision of services and work with team members to meet the family's priorities and goals
What is the best way to evaluate external rotation using functional ROM
have the individual touch the back of their neck
What is the best way to evaluate internal rotation using functional ROM
have the individual touch the small of their back
T3 (or lower) paraplegia
have the trunk balance and upper extremity strength and coordination to complete self-care and transfers independently
Children with visual discrimination limitations would be observed
having difficulty recognizing objects or matching and sorting objects
Techniques used to remediate edema and stiffness during the subacute phase of edema management
heat thermal modalities, retrograde massage, and manual lymph drainage
Best ergonomic workstation position for computer monitor
height allowing for 17-18 degrees of downward gaze
For individual's with ASD, repetitive acts are believed to
help the individual maintain a state of stimulation or to calm themselves
A person experiencing a manic episode is likely to exhibit
high energy levels, short attention span, poor frustration tolerance, difficulty delaying gratification and making decisions
Providing a glass of fruit juice or other fast-acting sugary foods would be in response to
hypoglycemia
Interphalangeal (IP) joints [DIP/PIP]
hinge-type synovial joints between connecting finger bones; thumb has one proximal, and the second to fifth digits each have a proximal and a distal
In an ergonomic workstation, what is the best position for the seat angle and seat pan
hips in greater than 90 degrees of hip flexion, thighs supported without touching the posterior aspect of the knee
Anaphylaxis symptoms
hives, swelling of the lips or tongue, vomiting, trouble breathing, or a drop in blood pressure
Lateral prehension pattern is used for
holding a pen, utensil, or key
Supraglottic and super-supraglottic swallows are contraindicated for individuals with cardiac conditions to high blood pressure as they involve
holding one's breath while swallowing
Patient and family advisory councils provide feedback to
hospital boards and committees to work groups and task forces
Remedial techniques that can be used for edema management in the subacute phase of healing
hot or cold thermal modalities (cyrotherapy; hot pack), and compression
During the subacute phase of healing, what remedial techniques can be used for pain management
hot or cold thermal modalities, ultrasound, phonophoresis
Appropriate adjunct activities used to treat acute symptoms of epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
ice application, immobilization, splinting
Lead-pipe rigidity
identified in patients who demonstrate a constant resistance throughout the joint ROM when a limb is moved in any direction
Cognitive Disabilities Reconsidered Approach
identifies the client's cognitive level and, based on the information, maximizes their strengths and creates an environment where they can succeed
Most effective measures to support a client through the recovery process
identify areas of preferred occupation, focus on skills that support engagement, assist in increasing self-sufficiency
Skin-conditioning techniques are used to
improve scar integrity and durability against minor trauma caused by pressure or shearing forces, decrease hypersensitivity, and moisturize dry newly healed skin
Neurodevelopmental FOR focuses on
improving motor skills "by inhibiting abnormal muscle tone and facilitating normal movement patterns
Tonic labyrinthine reflex is present when
in the supine position there is increased extensor tone, and in prone there is an increased flexor tone ; interfere with transitional movements such as getting from supine to sitting, i.e. bed mobility
Anhedonia
inability to feel pleasure
Dyscalculia
inability to perform mathematics
Apraxia
inability to perform purposeful movement on command
Dysgraphia
inability to print or write
Visual agnosia
inability to recognize common objects and demonstrate their use in an activity
Mood intolerance
inability to tolerate negative emotions
Alexia
inability to understand written language
Executive functioning
includes higher level cognitive processes such as planning, cognitive flexibility, and abstract thinking
Change talk
includes the desire, ability, reasons, and need for making a change
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
incoherency, delusions, echolalia
Action over inertia (intervention)
incorporates identifying the clients' need for change and how they are currently spending their time, providing education on the benefits of engagement in meaningful activities and long-term goal planning with regular monitoring and refining of plans as needed
Vibration and tapping are facilitatory techniques used to _____ muscle tone
increase
Endurance is improved by
increasing number of repetitions
What level of assistance: child performs the complete task, including the setup
independent
What level of assistance: child performs the task after someone else sets it up for them
independent with setup level
Full weight bearing (FWB)
indicates client can complete standing activities without restriction
Non-weight bearing (NWB)
indicates no body weight may be applied to the affected leg ; complete all activities while sitting
Toe-touch weight bearing (TTWB)
indicates that 10% of body weight may be applied to the toe of affected leg; 90% of body weight is still on the unaffected leg
Connecting new information to previously held knowledge and skills is a technique most appropriate for individuals with deficits in
information retrieval and memory
Ergonomic tool design for working on a horizontal surface
inline grip
Collaborate on goals and come to a consensus
interdisciplinary teams
Adult Protective Services
investigates allegation of elder abuse, neglect, abandonment, or exploitation
Emotional expression (coping strategy)
involves directing anger or humor at a situation
Procedural learning
involves mastering movements or techniques
Reflective listening
involves repeating a statement that the client has made or restated in the listener's words
Information seeking (coping strategy)
involves researching and seeking advice about a situation along with coping strategies used by others
Wish-fufilling fantasy (coping strategy)
involves spending time imagining an improvement in a situation
Simple rotation (in-hand manipulation skill)
involves the turning or rolling of an object held at the finger pads approx 90 degrees or less
General vocational evaluation
is a comprehensive assessment of a person's potential to do any type of work
Developmental apraxia
is a failure to have ever acquired the ability to perform age-appropriate complex motor actions
Constructional apraxia
is an impairment in producing designs in two or three dimensions; whether upon command or simultaneously; clients w/ constructional apraxia cannot draw or assemble parts to form a unitary structure
Ideational apraxia
is an inability to carry out complex sequential motor acts; caused by a disruption of the conception rather than the execution of the motor act
Phantom limb sensation
is associated with the feeling of the limb's being intact after surgery but without the associated pain
resting splint
is designed to prevent shortening and to maintain the joints midrange for optimal function
C7-T1 injury
is independent with self-care and minA with uphill transfers
Level I evidence
is provided from systematic reviews that include at least two randomized control trials
Ideomotor apraxia
is the ability to imitate gestures or perform a purposeful motor task on command even though the client fully understands the idea or concept of the task
Ataxia results in
jerky, poorly controlled movements
Framework defines swallowing/eating as
keeping and manipulating food or fluid in the mouth and swallowing it
metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint
large knuckle joint located where the fingers and thumb meet the hand
The first strategy to reduce tremors while self-feeding is using the environment to provide stability, such as
leaning on the edge of the table
One of the first steps to reducing the risk of re-injury in a work program is
learning proper body mechanics, along with achieving a good fitness level
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
legal document that establish the services and programs that will enable the student to participate in school activities and receive appropriate education
When discussing sexual activity positioning with a client with hemiparesis, they should be instructed to
lie on affected side, leaving the unaffected side free for physical contact or additional support
Palmar prehension pattern is commonly used to
lift objects from a flat surface and tie shoe laces
Individuals with dysphagia frequently have _______ as well
limb apraxia
Most important safety measures for client maneuvering wheelchair
locking brakes during transfers, leaning slightly forward when going up a ramp, and never standing on footplates
When examining performance in various areas of occupation, the COTA needs to
look at both performance skills and patterns; maladaptive patterns in one occupational area may interfere with functioning in another area
Children with visual tracking difficulties would be observed
losing focus while following a moving object
Grand mal seizure (tonic-clonic seizure) symptoms
loss of consciousness, jerky movements, and shallow breathing
Ataxia
loss of full control of body movements; reduced selective motor control, weakness, or involuntary motor activity
High-risk behaviors, decreased sleep, and psychomotor agitation are characteristic of a
manic episode
person with mild intellectual disability
may sustain employment in jobs that do not emphasize conceptual skills, can often live independently with minimal support in health-care, legal and financial decisions
Echolalia
meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words
Rehabilitation approaches use
measures that enable a person to live as independently as possible despite residual disability
Dysphagia evaluation usually consists of a client's
mental status, oral motor structure, and head, trunk, and extremity motor functions
What level of assistance: signifies that the child performs 50% to 75% of the task independently, but needs physical assistance, or other cuing for the remainder of the task
minimal assistance
A form of relationship building that is based on establishing rapport and helping the individual identify his/her own reasons for change
motivational interviewing
Early symptoms of Lewy body disease include
motor skills impairment
Affordable Care Act
moved the U.S. health system toward a more integrated care model in both behavioral and physical health
Generate discipline specific goals
multidisciplinary teams
Fasciculations is the same as saying
muscle twitch
Tinel sign may be used to assess for
nerve regeneration
Walking to the closet after tone reduction is following a (FOR)
neurodevelopmental FOR
Also focuses on the nervous system, but emphasizes eliciting responses in a developmental sequence
neurodevelopmental approach
Timed voiding is successful with __________ residents
neurologically impaired
Applied to individuals with brain damage; emphasis on nervous system and methods for eliciting desired responses
neurophysiological approach
Sensorimotor approaches use
neurophysiological mechanisms to normalize muscle tone and elicit more normal motor responses
Static two point testing ; Anesthetic
no point is perceived
An individual with L1 level or lower injury requires _____ adaptive equipment for dressing
none
Inherent feedback
obtained intrinsically when practicing a skill
Remedial techniques that can be used for pain management in the subacute phase of healing
phonophoresis, hot packs
Two point prehension pattern is used to
pick up objects such as a pin, nail, or coin
Ergonomic tool design for working on a vertical surface
pistol grip
Individualized Family Service Plan
plan of services and supports for families and their infants and toddlers with disabilities
Somatodyspraxia
praxis deficits that result from inefficient processing of tactile-kinesthetic, proprioceptive, and/or vestibular sensory input within the body; can interfere with development of body scheme and awareness
Phantom limb pain
present when the amputated limb is perceived to be present with accompanying pain
Positive supporting reflex is present when
pressure to the ball of the foot results in hip, knee, and ankle extension of the stimulated foot ; pt will have difficulty walking down stairs d/t leg remaining in extension
A type of descriptive research
prevalence studies
Double swallows, supraglottic swallow, chin tuck to chest, and clearing of the throat are all techniques to
prevent aspiration
The purpose of a dynamic splint for a low-level radial nerve injury is
prevent the extensor tendons from over-stretching and provide proper positioning
Tertiary prevention refers to
preventing the progression of an existing condition
Primary purpose of energy conservation
prevention of fatigue
The temporal lobe is responsible for
primarily carrying out auditory functions
The occipital lobe is responsible for
primarily carrying out visual functions
Goal of OT during the acute care phase
primarily preventive
The parietal lobe is responsible for
processing sensory information
Individual with back pain must avoid activities that stress the lumbar spine, such as
prolonged bending/flexing of the spine
Positions to be limited or avoided for patient with transfemoral amputation
prolonged hip flexion, elevation of residual limb on a pillow while supine, sitting limited to 30min
Primary aim of therapeutic group
promote change in the individual patients
Most important instruction to prevent contractures during the flaccid phase using Brunnstrom approach
proper positioning; promotes normal alignment
Social cognition
proposes that difficulties in social interaction are caused by impairments in specific cognitive processes that are necessary for effective communication
Activities that encourage the use of postural reactions
require the individual to respond by changing body position to maintain balance
Support groups
provide emotional and practical support and are run by professionals
Purpose of a peer support group
provide support for individuals who have a Dx, medically related problems or disability in common
Augmented feedback
provided by a clinician
Concurrent feedback
provided during performance of a task
The American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
provides civil rights protection for individuals with disabilities in the areas of transportation, education, voting, housing, employment, health care, and community participation
Efficacy research
provides information about the usefulness of a particular intervention
Social Security Disability Insurance
provides monetary assistance to workers who have become disabled and can no longer work
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
provides monetary support to U.S. citizens who are over 65, blind, or disabled.
the activity's symbolic potential is linked to a ______ FOR
psychodynamic
Prompted voiding
requires a caregiver to document if the individual is continent or incontinent every 1-2hrs and to ask if they need to void
Cognition (associated with the inner experience and behaviors of personality disorders)
refers to a rigid, extreme, and distorted thinking that demonstrates how the individual perceives the world
Acute stress
refers to a stress response that is elicited after a highly stressful or traumatic experience
Affectivity (associated with the inner experience and behaviors of personality disorders)
refers to problems with emotional response patterns
Applying learned skills (aspect of culturally responsive practice)
refers to putting into action the knowledge and skills that have been developed
Generating knowledge (aspect of culturally responsive practice)
refers to the practitioner gaining a better understanding of the characteristics, history, values, beliefs, and health practices of the culture
Chronic stress
refers to the repeated and prolonged activation of the stress response which interfere with participating in meaningful life roles
Teaches an individual how to compensate for a deficit on either a temporary or permanent basis
rehabilitative approach
According to Rood, applying pressure to the biceps tendon may
relax the elbow
When fully seated at an ergonomic workstation, the individual's armrests should be
removed; they may interfere with getting close enough to the desk
Work-related risk factors that are frequently associated with cumulative trauma disorders
repetition, high force, poor posture
Goals for individuals admitted to a rehabilitation unit involve the
restoration of ability or skill to modify the activity or context and prevent further disability with emphasis on occupational performance
oval eight ring splint
restricts proximal IP joint hyperextension but allows for full flexion
Diabetic retinopathy
results in blurred vision or spotty areas called scotomas
Work-hardening programs focus on
returning individuals to work in physically appropriate settings, as quickly as feasible, through reconditioning
Extending the wrist while holding the client's hand describes what assessment
reverse Phalen test
Ulnar drift, swan neck, boutonniere, and joint laxity/instability are all common hand deformities seen in
rheumatoid arthritis
Cogwheel rigidity
rhythmic 'give' occurs in the resistance throughout the ROM
Sheltered workshops are
segregated settings designed to help individuals master basic work skills
Loosening clothing around neck, placing pillow under head, and rolling patient onto their side to prevent aspiration are all important actions a clinician should take to prevent injury during a
seizure
Building awareness (aspect of culturally responsive practice)
self-reflection is used to examine the practitioner's position in society and any privileges that may have come with the position for them to be able to address any of their biases and attitudes toward a culture
the combined activity demands of sensations, perceptions, and motor skills is linked to a ______ FOR
sensorimotor
Improving coordination to fastening buttons would follow a (FOR)
sensorimotor FOR
Impingement of median nerve at the wrist causes
sensory changes in the thumb, index finger, long finger, and half of the ring finger
Injury to radial nerve in the wrist area causes
sensory damage only
Refers to the tendency to generate responses that are appropriately graded in relation to incoming sensory stimuli
sensory modulation
Somatodyspraxia
sensory-based motor disorder ; characterized by poor planning of both anticipatory, feedforward dependent movements and actions that depend on sensory feedback
Primitive reflexes
serve as a survival function; most are suppressed early in infancy but may reappear after injury or trauma to the brain
Related services are defined as
services needed to help students benefit from their education program
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
shakiness, sense of weakness, feeling of anxiety and confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, and/or sweating
Isotonic (concentric) contractions
shorten the muscle length with accompanying joint movement
Major neurocognitive disorder presents with
significant cognitive decline compared to past functioning and that has an impact on daily living
Optimal writing posture
sitting with feet planted on the floor (providing support for postural shifts and alignments), table surface should be 2 inches above the flexed elbows when seated in the chair
Exclusion of individuals with mental illness from social situations
social distancing
On an assistive technology team, the rehabilitation engineer typically
solves mechanical and software problems
Social Security Disabled Adult Child (SDAC)
special form of SSI; individual must be 18 y/o or older, have a qualifying mental health dx prior to 22 years of age, be a dependent of someone who is deceased or retired who has worked enough years to qualify for SSI, be single or not married to someone receiving SDAC, and earn less than the federally established substantial gainful activity wage.
Gait ataxia manifests as
staggering, wide-based gait with reduced or no arm swing; step length may be uneven and the client may have a tendency to fall
Affirmations
statements or gestures that acknowledge the client's strengths and efforts towards change
Asking the individual to identify objects through touch only would be used to assess
stereognosis
Weight training with low repetitions and high resistance will increase
strength
Gentle, repetitive, and resistive exercises help maintain
strength and endurance in weakened muscles
How do you obtain total active ROM measurement
sum of MCP, PIP, and DIP flexion and extension active measurements
Home Environment Skill Building approach
teaches caregivers ways to modify the environment and adapt their approach to the client
Primary steps in social skills training include
teaching the skills, practicing the skills, and providing feedback
The action of wrist extension producing finger flexion, and wrist flexion producing finger extension
tenodesis
Phalen test and Reverse Phalen test are
tests for median nerve compression at the wrist
Desensitization stimuli are graded by
texture and force
Divided attention involves
the ability to focus on more than one task at a time
Postural control refers to
the ability to maintain balance during functional movements and depends on both posture and balance
Empathy
the ability to perceive emotion in both ourselves and other people, the ability to understand what another person is thinking or feeling, self-awareness, and the ability to regulate one's own emotional state
Upper extremity function is optimal when
the child is in a functional sitting position with a slight forward orientation
For a premature baby, how do you consider their developmental age
the chronological age minus the number of months premature
Avoidant personality disorder's essential feature is
the demonstration of a persistent pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacies, and hypersensitivity to any form of criticism
Motivation
the desire to initiate, engage in, and complete an activity
Palmar grasp reflex is present when
the digits flex into a palmar grasp with any pressure in the palm ; pt cannot release an object from hand
Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joint
the first joint of the finger and is located between the first two bones of the finger; can bend and extend the finger
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex is present when
the head is turned to one side and the arm and leg on the face side go into extension while flexion of the arm and leg is seen on the skull side ; interfere with bringing one's hand to their mouth, i.e. self-feeding
Adiadochokinesia
the inability to perform rapidly alternating movements such as forearm supination and pronation or elbow flexion and extension
Motivation
the internal drive to accomplish a goal
Sensory processing
the interpretation of sensory information into meaningful and usable constructs for action
When fully seated at an ergonomic workstation, the individual's backrest should support
the lumbar and thoracic region
Behavioral FOR addresses
the patient's ability to participate in and complete activities in a socially appropriate manner
Biomechanical FOR addresses
the patient's strength and endurance through repetitive activities
Residual limb
the portion of arm or leg remaining after an amputation
Skills development (aspect of culturally responsive practice)
the practitioner purposefully builds a skill set to be able to communicate with clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds with empathy and a focus on their beliefs, values, experiences, and desires while developing and executing a treatment plan
Framework defines feeding (sometimes called self-feeding) as
the process of setting up, arranging, and bringing food/fluids from the plate or cup to the mouth
Secondary blast injury
the result of energized fragments flying through the air
Pinch gauge is used to measure
the strength of a three-jaw chuck grasp pattern(palmar pinch), key(lateral) pinch, and tip pinch ; all of these pinch patterns require thumb opposition
Episodic stress
the suffering from acute stress frequently
Body scheme
the understanding of one's body parts and their relative positions in space
Paraffin treatment (wax; moist heat treatment)
thermal modality used to increase motion, decrease joint stiffness, relieve muscle spasms, increase blood flow, decrease pain, and aid in the reabsorption of exudates and edema in chronic conditions
Test position for key pinch
thumb against side of index finger
Test position for two-point pinch
thumb against the tip of index finger
Test position for three-point pinch
thumb against the tips of index and middle fingers
Device required for an individual with C7 to C8 quadriplegia when performing oral hygiene activities
toothbrush with built-up handle
When fully seated at an ergonomic workstation, the individual's feet need to be
touching the floor
Dedicate time to learning about other disciplines and work across disciplinary boundaries
transdisciplinary team s
Biomechanical approach uses
treatment techniques derived from kinetics; such as ROM, strengthening, therapeutic exs, and orthotics
Results from thickening of the A1 pulley and makes it difficult for the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus to glide
trigger finger
Boley gauge is used to measure
two-point discrimination
Landmarks needed for a long opponens splint
two-thirds the length of the forearm, radial and ulnar sides of the wrist, MP heads on the radial and ulnar sides of the hand, and the IP crease of the thumb
Progressive resistance exercises
type of isotonic ex that uses an increase in weight during consecutive exercise repetitions
Work hardening
typically consists of injury intervention, specific fitness training, specific work act simulation conditioning, body mechanics and safe work practice training
Supported employment
typically occurs in regular work sites, and provides intensive, ongoing support to individuals with disabilities.
bivalve splint or cast
typically used when circumferential pressure of a body part is required to maintain a desired position
Ulnar drift results in
ulnar deviation of the digits at the MCPs
When loading a dishwasher, it is safer for the client to stand with the machine to his/her _________ and load from that position
unaffected side
Cylindrical grasp
used to stabilize objects against the palm and fingers with the thumb acting as an opposing force; the two ulnar metacarpals are held in greater flexion than in spherical grasp
Sensory integration
uses a child-guided approach, in which the selection of activities is guided by the child's needs and responses
Augmentative communication
uses devices or systems that support or replace the client's communication skills
A key environmental adaptation strategy for people with visual impairments
using contrast
Rehabilitation approach treatment techniques include
utilization of assistive technology and adaptive equipment
Dialectial behavior therapy
utilizes skills training focusing on interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, distress balance, and mindfulness meditation
Most important for joint protection
utilizing the strongest joints and avoiding positions of deformity
Hook and loop is JUST
velcro
More intrusive cues (hierarchal approach)
verbal and gestural cues
Most intrusive cues (hierarchal approach)
verbal and physical cues
Least intrusive cues (hierarchal approach)
verbal cues
Sliding down playground slide facilitates ______ processing
vestibular
Slow, repetitive rocking over a large therapy ball emphasizes ________ input
vestibular
Most commonly used instrumental assessment tool to examine oropharyngeal swallowing disorders
videofluoroscopic swallow study
The ability to sustain attention over time refers to
vigilance
Seen in oppositional defiant disorder
vindictiveness
Initial symptoms of Alzheimer's tend to be
visual disturbances including hallucinations
Basic ambulation aids; from most to least support
walker, two crutches, a single crutch, bilateral canes, a single cane
Principle of beneficence
we must demonstrate a concern for the well-being of our patients and developing plans appropriate to their level of function
According to NDT approach for adult hemiplegia, ________ is the most effective way of normalizing tone
weight-bearing
Forward chaining method is helpful for children
who have difficulty with sequencing and generalization skills
Backward chaining method is helpful for children
with a low frustration tolerance or poor self-esteem because it gives immediate success
One-arm drive wheelchair is useful for individuals
with the use of only one upper extremity
Position of choice following hip precautions when client is supine
with wedge between legs to prevent rotation or adduction
Appropriate splinting for burns
wrist 20-30 degrees extension, MCP joints 70 degrees flexion, IP joints fully extended, thumb abducted and extended
Wrist arthroplasty
wrist joint replacement
Device that may be required for an individual with C5 to C6 quadriplegia when performing oral hygiene activities
wrist support with utensil holder
Early intervention programs are appropriate for children
younger than preschool age