QUESTIONS FROM EMBALMING & RESTORATIVE ART BOOK
What do "Green Burial" mean?
* Minimal preparation of the decedent's remains * No embalming or preservation services * Use of wood, cardboard, wicker, bamboo or cloth container to hold, transport and bury the body * No use of vault or outer burial container to encase the remains in the grave * Burial in a woodland or open field setting with grave marked by rocks, trees or flowers as apposed to a permanent marker or monument
Authorization for "Minimum care services" if embalming is not authorized or decision to embalming is not made yet?
* Removal of exterior medical devices(hearing aids, dentures, IV tubing, etc) - Embalming in transition * Removal of Interior medical devices (pacemakers, pumps, defibrilators, etc) - Embalming in transition * Shaving of the face and/or trimming beard and moustache - Embalming in transition * Manicuring finger nails - Embalming in transition * Sheltering the body in a clean, private environment (refrigerated or non-refrigerated) - Embalming Declined * Positioning the body - Embalming Declined * Use of surface disinfectants or deodorants -Embalming Declined * Wrapping or covering the body in a suitable container - Embalming Declined * Trimming hair of the head - Embalming in transition * Closing incisions by sutures - Embalming in transition * Closing the mouth (may require suture) - Embalming in transition * Aspirating internal cavities and injecting preservative cavity fluids - Embalming in transition * Application of cosmetics -Embalming in transition * Closing of eyes and mouth by accepted mortuary practices- Embalming Declined * Aspiration of excess fluids and gases from the body - Embalming Declined * Inventory of personal affects from the body - Embalming Declined * Removing exterior tubes, catheters, or other medical devices deemed necessary - Embalming Declined
All Intravenous lines or catheters that enter the circulatory system should be removed before or after embalming?
After
MINIMUM CARE AUTHORIZATION WHEN EMBALMING IS DECLINED What Do minimum care includes when embalming is declined?
CAIR-SP-UW * Closing of eyes and mouth by accepted mortuary practices * Aspiration of excess fluids and gases from the body * Inventory of personal affects from the body * Removing exterior tubes, catheters, or other medical devices deemed necessary * Sheltering the body in a clean, private environment (refrigerated or non-refrigerated) * Positioning the body * Use of surface disinfectants or deodorants * Wrapping or covering the body in a suitable container
If the eyes are not removed what should be done?
Clean the areas around the eyes. The eyes can then be closed using cotton or an eyecap
When shipping body from one FH to another, it should be accompanied with ______________
Decedent care report NOTE: This form MUST be completed for EACH deceased human body brought into a FH or a embalming facility
Which side of the head should be injected first in embalming autopsied remains?
Expose and place arterial tubes into the right and left common carotid arteries. Inject the left side of the head first and then inject the right side
Postmortem physical changes ( Visible changes in the body due to physical factors alone. These changes do not alter the chemical composition of body substances.)include: - IDHLA) a. Algor mortis b. Hypostasis c. Livor Mortis d. Dehydration e. Increased viscosity of the blood f. Endogenous invasions of the microorganisms g. Caloricity h. Stain i. Shift in pH j. Rigor mortis k. Decomposition I. all of the above II. a, b, c, d, e III. a, b, c, d, e,f,k IV. g, h, i, j, k
II. a, b, c, d, e,f
The two primary areas of consideration for prep room are: a. Adequate Ventilation b. Proper Plumbing c. Ventilation Only d. Proper Plumbing Only I. a Only II. b Only III. Both a,b
III. Both a,b
LAST EXAM - Which of the following are INEXPERT tests of death: a. Pulse b. Ammonia injection test c. Ligature d. Listening of respiration or heart beat e. Opthalmoscope f. Stethoscope g. Electroencephalogram (EEG) h. Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) i. Evoked response
INEXPERT - PALL EXPERT - OSEEE
Areas of OSHA directly impact the funeral service practitioner: a. OSHA general rule b. Hazard communication standard c. Formaldehyde standard d. Blood-borne pathogen standard I. a only II. b only III. a, b, c IV. a, b, c, d - all of these
IV. a, b, c, d - all of these
According to OSHA record keeping rule, Employers must maintain records of each training session. The record MUST include: a. Date of each training session b. Summary of each training session c. The names and qualifications of trainers d. The names and jobs of all persons attending each training session I. a ONLY II. b Only III. a, b,c IV. a,b,c,d - All of these
IV. a,b,c,d - All of these
The minumim documentation required for an Exposure Control Plan includes: a. Exposure determination b. Methods of compliance c. Hepatitis B vaccination as well as post exposure evaluation and follow up d. Hazard communication e. Record Keeping I. a,b,c II. a,b,c,d III. a,b.e IV. a,b,c,d,e - All of these
IV. a,b,c,d,e - All of these
Postmortem chemical changes include: a. Algor mortis b. Hypostasis c. Livor Mortis d. Dehydration e. Increased viscosity of the blood f. Endogenous invasions of the microorganisms g. Caloricity h. Stain i. Shift in pH j. Rigor mortis k. Decomposition I. all of the above II. a, b, c, d, e,f, III. a, b, c, d, e,f,k IV. g, h, i, j, k
IV. g, h, i, j, k,f
LAST EXAM - Example of engineering controls that could reduce the possibility of water contamination might include: a. Vacuum breakers on the main water line leading into the building b. Vacuum breakers on the hydroaspirators c. Discharge basins/flush sinks that are in good working order d. Suitable water source for the preparation table e. Proper eyewash station f. Proper drench shower g. Proper washing station h. Proper shower room facilities for embalmers to use after the embalming is completed
Memorize all
Is unembalmed body considered a health hazard to the general public?
NO Embalming was once considered a method for the prevention of the spread of virulent diseases amongst the general public. Better understanding of the causative agents, virulence and transmission of disease have demonstrated caution for those who have direct contact with the dead human body, however, only in rare instances and with warning from agencies such as the CDC would the presence of the unembalmed body be considered a health hazard to the general public.
Is the presence of embalmed deceased still the central focus of the 20th century?
No. The presence of embalmed deceased is no longer the central focus of the 20th century funeral ceremony, as it had once been in America. Hence the memorial service, with the absence of the body, has now become as familiar as the funeral service with the body present.
Should IV catheters be removed if embalming permission is NOT granted?
No. These can be tapped in place, lessening any exposure to blood or body fluids
Do FH has authorization to take photographs of the remains to document the condition of the remains prior to or during embalming?
Only if the representative do not check the "Permission is denied" box
When is form "Attention FD" used?
When shipping body to another funeral facility. It describes condition of the body at the shipping location
Can hypodermic injection embalming be used for areas that can not be reached by arterial injection or Hypodermic injection be used for RA work?
YES - Areas that can not be reached by arterial injection (e.g., gangrenous limbs) can be embalmed using hypodermic injection and surface preservation techniques at this stage
Should sutured incisions be covered with glue after the body is washed?
YES - Sutured incisions may be covered with glue after the body is washed?
Should autopsied body be sanitized using a adisinfectant tropical droplet spray and bathed with a germicidal soap solution? a. No, only unautopsied body b. yes
YES - all bodies whether autopsied or unautopsied should be sanitized using a disinfectant tropical droplet spray and bathed with a germicidal soap solution. Even the clothing needs to be sprayed with a disinfectant prior to removal
Can a FH authorize an Independent contractor (certified embalmer) to perform embalming? a. No b. Yes
Yes
Can embalming be performed at any other facility (besides FH) which is equipped for embalming? a. Yes b. No
Yes
Do FD need to obtain permission for "minimum care treatments" necessary for identification of or viewing the body when embalming is not desired?
Yes
Identification of remains of the decedent: Can representative elect not to identify the remains and authorize the final disposition of the body without positive identification
Yes
If representative authorizes for embalming, does that automatically allows Restorative treatments?
Yes
Should FH get a Release form signed by the Representative for TRAUMA cases viewing without embalming?
Yes
Is special permission/authorization required to to shave facial hairs a. Yes b. No c. May be
Yes - If there is mustache, goatee, or beard on the deceased, obtain permission from the family whether it is to be removed or groomed. If there is any doubt, DO NOT remove the facial hairs for it can be shaved after embalming once the family has been consulted
Should IV catheters be removed if embalming permission is granted?
Yes. Can be removed after embalming and properly disposed of in a biohazard container
LAST EXAM-Embalming is done for: a. Disinfection b. Viewing c. To protect general public
a,b
Last Exam -The definition of embalming as established by the ABFSE are: 1. Temporary preservation II. Sanitation III. Restoration of the deceased to an acceptable appearance IV. To protect general public a. 1, II, III b. 1, II, IV c. 1, II, III, IV - All of the above d. 1, III, IV
a. 1, II, III
How much cavity embalming fluid is satisfactory for an average body? a. 32 - 48 Oz b. 30 -50 Oz c. 20 - 30 Oz
a. 32 - 48 Oz
LAST EXAM - The most important factor in the ventilation system is the location of the exhaust. It should be: a. At the foot of the embalming table and BELOW the level of the tabletop b. At the foot of the embalming table and ABOVE the level of the tabletop c. At the foot of the embalming table and at the level of the tabletop
a. At the foot of the embalming table and BELOW the level of the tabletop
LAST EXAM - The Causative agent (Prion) appears to be concentrated in __________ fluid a. Cerebrospinal fluid b. Body fluid c. Blood
a. Cerebrospinal fluid
LAST EXAM - The ______ covers the trunk of the body from the upper thigh to the armpit a. Coverall b. Unionall
a. Coverall
Semiconclusive twitches that often occur before death is called: a. Death struggle b. Death rattle c. Death syndrome
a. Death struggle
LAST EXAM - The separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial enzymes and or/autolytic enzymes is known as: a. Decomposition b. Putrefaction c. Substrate d. Stabilization
a. Decomposition
Who has responsibility of informing the funeral home owner of the resources or capital investments required to meet OSHA standards, any applicable EPA requirements, or other measures needed to be in compliance. a. Embalmer/FD b. State
a. Embalmer/FD
The main chemicals common to almost all embalming preservative solutions are: a. Formaldehyde b. Methyl alcohol c. Glycerine d. Alcohol
a. Formaldehyde b. Methyl alcohol
Embalming, as practiced today, is defined by the ABFSE as: I. The chemical treatment of the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms II. To temporary inhibit organic decomposition III. Restore the dead human body to an acceptable physical appearance IV. To protect general public a. I, II, III b. II, III, IV c. I, II, IV d. I, II, III, IV
a. I, II, III
LAST TEST - According to Simon Mendel, embalming serves four purposes. They are: I. Provides time for the family and friends to gather with the body present and viewable for ceremonies II. Permits the body to be shipped hometown or home country for disposition and viewing III. Means of sanitizing the deceased IV. Improve the appearance of the deceased following trauma of the effects of the disease V. To protect general public a. I, II, III, IV b. I, II, III, V c. II, III, IV, V d. I, III, IV, V
a. I, II, III, IV
Contact Pallor refers to the areas where blood movement has been __________. a. Inhibited b. Increased
a. Inhibited - the first stage of death, is a post mortem paleness that occurs in those with light/white skin.
_________ is a postmortem intravascular blood discoloration that occurs as a result of hypostasis. a. Livor mortis b. Algor mortis c. Caloricity
a. Livor mortis
During the agonal period, the body is said to be _________, a dying condition or dying a. Moribund b. Cessation c. Vital Statics
a. Moribund
LAST EXAM - Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by: a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) b. Staphylococcal
a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)
LAST EXAM - Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement is called: a. Necrobiosis b. Necrosis c. Clinical death
a. Necrobiosis
According to OSHA record keeping rule, Employers must maintain records of each training session. What if Employer ceases to operate and has no successor? a. OSHA must be notified so that records can be transferred to an appropriate place and filed for future use. b. Discarded c. Sent to Mortuary board d. Employee takes with them
a. OSHA must be notified so that records can be transferred to an appropriate place and filed for future use.
The capri garments combines _______ and _______ a. Pants and stockings b. Pants only sleeves c. Stocking and sleeves
a. Pants and stockings
The pressure reading on the gauge in the centrifugal machine, indicating the pressure in the delivery line of the machine with the rate-of-flow valve closed or the arterial tubing clamped shut is call: a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure d. Rate of flow
a. Potential pressure
LAST EXAM - Creutzfelt-Jakob disease (CJD), a fatal disease is caused by: a. Prion b. Staphylococcal
a. Prion
Which side the suture should begin when closing the scalp in autopsied body? a. Right side of the head and ending on the left b. Left side of the head and ending on the right
a. Right side of the head and ending on the left
In US, principal bodies that may have control of the care and disposition of dead human remains: a. The board of health (or Bureau of Vital Statistics) b. State board of embalmers and FDs (or similar governing bodies) that regulate the FHs and the licensing of FDs and Embalmers c. Township d. County
a. The board of health (or Bureau of Vital Statistics) b. State board of embalmers and FDs (or similar governing bodies) that regulate the FHs and the licensing of FDs and Embalmers
According to OSHA record keeping rule, Employers must maintain records of each training session. What are the obligations if employment is terminated or employee transfers to another location? a. The training records must made available to the new location or the employer b. Discarded c. Sent to Mortuary board d. Employee takes with them
a. The training records must made available to the new location or the employer
Who is the author of the book "Bodies in Motion and at rest" a. Thomas Lynch b. Robert G. Mayer c. Thomas G. Long
a. Thomas Lynch
Who said these statements: "But remembering him the way he was, ' I say, slowly, deliberately ...." a. Thomas Lynch b. Robert G. Mayer c. Thomas G. Long
a. Thomas Lynch
LAST EXAM - The CDC concluded that FDs had an elevated risk of contracting _____________ as a result of their contact with dead human bodies. a. Tuberculosis b. Hyp B c. Hyp A d. Menigitis
a. Tuberculosis
The best way for the bereaved to overcome any death denial feelings is: a. Viewing and touching a dead human body b. Avoiding viewing c. Avoiding funerals
a. Viewing and touching a dead human body
Which suture should be used to suture abdominal and thoracic cavities in autopsied body? a. baseball b. Worm c. Purse string
a. baseball NOTE: The baseball suture provides an airtight suture
The progression of cellular death can continue for a number of hours after somatic death. Muscle cells: a. 10 minutes b. 3 hours c. 6 hours d. 5 minutes
b. 3 hours
The reading on the pressure gauge on the centrifugal pump when the rate-of-flow valve is open and the arterial solution is entering the body is called: a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure d. Rate of flow
b. Actual pressure
LAST EXAM - The imprinting caused by constant exposure to the attached person, and a mental photograph develops in our hearts and minds. In funeral service, this mental photograph is referred to as the: a. Attachment Theory b. Body Image c. Body imprints d. Emotional attachment
b. Body Image
A respiratory gurgling or rattling in the throat of a dying person, caused by the loss of the cough reflex and the accumulation of mucous is called: a. Death struggle b. Death rattle c. Death syndrome
b. Death rattle
The ability of the cells to draw moisture from the surrounding areas into themselves is called: a. Caloricity b. Imbibition c. Algor mortis d. Inhibition
b. Imbibition
LAST EXAM - Hepatitis is an inflammation of _______ a. Kidney b. Liver c. Throat
b. Liver
LAST EXAM - Pathological death of a tissue still part of the living organism: a. Necrobiosis b. Necrosis c. Clinical death
b. Necrosis
The air replacement or intake should ideally be high on the _______ wall a. Same b. Opposite
b. Opposite
Embalming preservatives and germicides interact primarily on body: a. Fats b. Proteins c. Enzymes
b. Proteins
LAST EXAM - The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria is called: a. Sanitation b. Putrefaction c. Substrate d. Stabilization
b. Putrefaction
LAST EXAM - Tuberculosis affects the: a. Digestive system b. Respiratory System c. Circulatory System
b. Respiratory System
LAST EXAM - The _______ covers the entire body except for the hands, neck and head areas a. Coverall b. Unionall
b. Unionall
Which type of suture is suitable for closing the scalp of an autopsied body? a. baseball b. Worm c. Purse string
b. Worm A worm suture can be used to close the scalp - it takes up excess skin
Do donation cases need Authorization by FD/FH to prepare the deceased for viewing? a. No b. Yes
b. Yes
Do the FH need to get written authorization for "Restorative and Cosmetic Care" a. No b. Yes
b. Yes
LAST EXAM - As a rough rule of thumb, for a single table room, the number of air exchanges range from _____ a. 12 to 30 per hour b. 10 to 20 per hour c. 12 to 20 per hour
c. 12 to 20 per hour
LAST EXAM - A minimum of ______ air changes per hour is currently recommended for the prep room a. 20 b. 13 c. 15 d. 19
c. 15
According to OSHA record keeping rule, Employers must maintain records of each training session for a period of _______ years from the date the training occurred. a. 2 years b. 1 year c. 3 years
c. 3 years
LAST EXAM - The circulatory system of humans normally contains ____ quarts of blood: a. 3 - 4 b. 3 - 5 c. 5 - 6 d. 7 - 8
c. 5 - 6
The progression of cellular death can continue for a number of hours after somatic death. Blood cells: a. 10 minutes b. 3 hours c. 6 hours d. 5 minutes
c. 6 hours
The progression of cellular death can continue for a number of hours after somatic death. Cornea cells: a. 10 minutes b. 3 hours c. 6 hours d. 5 minutes
c. 6 hours
LAST EXAM - _____ % of the body weight is blood a. 5% b. 7% c. 8% d. 9%
c. 8%
LAST EXAM - _____% of body blood is contained within the capillaries. a. 50% b. 85% c. 80% d. 95%
c. 80%
In hypodermic embalming, the chemical may be injected by: a. Syringe and needle only b. Variety of trocars only c. Both a, b
c. Both a, b
LAST EXAM - The ______ pressure indicates the amount of resistance in the body, in the arterial cannula, and in the tube running from the machine to the cannula a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure d. Rate of flow
c. Differential pressure
LAST EXAM - _______ pressure is an indicator of the rate of flow. a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure
c. Differential pressure
The difference between the potential pressure reading and the actual pressure reading is called: a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure d. Rate of flow
c. Differential pressure
LAST EXAM -The following statement is attributed to who? "Show me the manner in which a nation or community care for its dead ..." a. Robert G.Mayer b. Thomas G. Long c. Eminent British minister, William Evart Gladstone
c. Eminent British minister, William Evart Gladstone
According to OSHA, the Exposure control plan must be reviewed and updated at least once _______: a. Every two years b. Every three years c. Every year
c. Every year
LAST EXAM- The supreme ethic for the funeral service profession has come to be known as: a. Care of the deceased b. Care of the deceased family c. Reverence for the dead
c. Reverence for the dead
A substance acted upon (e.g., protein, fat, carbohydrate), as by an enzyme in the living organism or embalming chemicals in preserving the dead body is called: a. Sanitation b. Putrefaction c. Substrate d. Stabilization
c. Substrate
Who pays for the Restoration costs for the donated cases? a. Procurement organization b. Family representative c. a or b
c. a or b
Postmortem changes are classified as: a. Physical b. Chemical c. both a, b
c. both a, b
The force required to distribute the embalming solution throughout the body is called: a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure d. Pressure
d. Pressure
_______ is the amount of embalming solution that enters the body in a given period and is measured on ounces per minute. a. Potential pressure b. Actual pressure c. Differential pressure d. Rate of flow
d. Rate of flow
Features of the body (for example eyes and mouth) can be done: a. Before embalming b. After embalming c. During embalming d. a, b, c
d. a, b, c
LAST EXAM - Definition of Autolytic?
refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes
Embalming make the following possible, EXCEPT: I. Temporary preservation and sanitation of the deceased body II. Renders the body inoffensive by slowing postmortem changes III. Seeing the body allows the family and friends to accept the reality of death IV. Allow time to organize ceremony and ritual with the body present V. Time for friends and relatives to gather for funeral ceremonies and if desired view the deceased remains VI. Moving the deceased to a distant location for final disposition and if desired, viewing VII. Restores a favorable body image by removing the adverse effects of disease, trauma, or postmortem changes VIII. A slow breakdown of the body overtime; desiccation rather than putrefaction IX. To protect general public X. Embalming serves as an emotional buffer for the bereaved when the reality of traumatic death might be burdensome XI. Embalming restores the body image
IX. To protect general public
LAST EXAM - If the eyes are removed what should be done?
If the eyes or corneas have been removed, the orbits should be cleaned and a preservative gel or liquid preservative on cotton can be placed into the orbits and eyelids closed
The progression of cellular death can continue for a number of hours after somatic death. Brain and nervous system cells: a. 10 minutes b. 3 hours c. 6 hours d. 5 minutes
d. 5 minutes
