Quiz 2

Which mineral is most resistant to weathering under humid temperate conditions? Select one: a. muscovite b. gibbsite c. gypsum d. biotite e. dolomite

gibbsite

The O horizons of a soil are dominantly organic horizons occurring above mineral horizons. Select one: True False

true

Silicate clay accumulation is most common in the ________. Select one: a. C horizon b. B horizon c. A horizon d. O Horizon e. E horizon

B horizon

In which of the following horizons has the process of illuviation most likely occurred? Select one: a. C horizon b. E horizon c. O horizon d. A horizon e. B horizon

B horizon

The parent materials for most coastal plain soils are residual in nature. Select one: True False

False

Weathering of rocks usually is most intense in the center of a rock fragment, and gradually decreases toward the outside. Select one: True False

False

Organic matter accumulation is most pronounced in the ________. Select one: a. C horizon b. O horizon c. A horizon d. B horizon e. E horizon

O horizon

Minerals containing iron are generally more resistant to chemical breakdown than minerals that contain CaCO3. Select one: True False

True

If you wanted to find a soil where physical weathering dominated over chemical breakdown you would be most apt to find it in ________. Select one: a. a coastal plain area of Delaware b. a desert region of Arizona c. a humid region in Brazil d. the hill lands of Georgia e. a lacustrine deposit in Minnesota

a desert region of Arizona

The reaction: mica + H2O → K+ + OH- + acid clay is an example of ________. Select one: a. chemical weathering b. physical weathering c. exfoliation d. carbonation e. both A and C

chemical weathering

Secondary minerals are most prominent in the ________ fraction of soils. Select one: a. silt b. sand c. organic d. clay

clay

The mixed angular gravel, rock, and soil found at the foot of a slope is typical of what type of parent material? Select one: a. colluvial b. glacial c. eolian d. fluvial e. lacustrine

colluvial

A soil developed in transported parent materials will likely have properties related to the properties of the rock below the C horizon. Select one: True False

false

Glacial till is laid down by melt waters gushing out from the front of glaciers. Select one: True False

false

Sandstones are good examples of metamorphic rocks. Select one: True False

false

Soils developed in wind-blown parent materials such as loess are generally of little agricultural value. Select one: True False

false

The C horizons are generally more completely weathered than the other horizons. Select one: True False

false

Which of the following statements is correct? Select one: a. Limestone parent materials enhance the process of acidification. b. Nutrient cycling in forested areas contributes little to soil formation. c. Soils on hillsides tend to be deeper than those on level lands. d. Calcium carbonate accumulation is more prominent in humid than in arid regions. e. Lacustrine parent materials have been subject to weathering for shorter periods of time than residual parent materials nearby.

lacustrine parent materials have been subject to weathering for shorter periods of time than residual parent materials nearby

Residual parent materials are best described as ________. Select one: a. upland materials formed with relatively little chemical weathering. b. materials formed by weathering of rocks and minerals in place. c. materials transported from one location to another by water, ice or wind. d. materials more dominant in Iowa than in the Southern United States. e. materials formed under organic residues.

materials formed by weathering of rocks and minerals in place

The transformation of gneiss into smaller mica, quartz, and feldspar pieces is an example of ________. Select one: a. hydration b. elluviation c. chemical weathering d. physical weathering

physical weathering

Exfoliation is caused by changes in ________. Select one: a. temperature b. carbon dioxide dissolution c. oxidation d. hydration e. all of the above

temperature

Which of the following statements is not correct? Select one: a. The type of native vegetation is controlled primarily by climate. b. Where dense forests are found, soil profiles have prominent O horizons. c. Grasslands are found in semi-arid and sub-humid areas. d. Tropical forests protect the soil from excessive weathering. e. Coniferous forests are found mostly in cool humid areas.

tropical forests protect the soil from excessive weathering

A soil developed in residual parent materials will likely have properties related to the properties of the rock below the C horizon. Select one: True False

true

Chemical weathering is accelerated by water, oxygen, and organic and inorganic acids moving down through the regolith. Select one: True False

true

Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools and solidifies. Select one: True False

true

Organic deposits are common in areas where water ponds for extended periods of time. Select one: True False

true

Residual parent materials have formed in place and have not been transported from one area to another. Select one: True False

true

Residual parent materials have generally been subjected to weathering for a longer period of time than have lacustrine or alluvial parent materials. Select one: True False

true

Sapric and fibric are terms used to describe peat parent materials. Select one: True False

true

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic are three ________. Select one: a. types of rocks b. master horizon names c. basic classes of soils d. forms of minerals e. processes of weathering

types of rocks