Quiz 7 Ch. 16

Comparative advantages order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.

Question of fact

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.

Question of value

A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.

Question of policy

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.

What is the difference between an informative speech and a persuasive speech?

An informative speech is designed to convey knowledge and understanding, whereas persuasive speeches often deal with controversial topics that involved basic attitudes, values, and beliefs. Some listeners are so committed to their own ideas that they cannot be persuaded to the speaker's point of view.

What are questions of fact? How does a persuasive speech on a question of fact differ from an informative speech? Give an example.

Insert def of 'question of fact.' The aim of an informative speech is to give information as impartially as possible, not to argue a particular point of view. Ex - To persuade my audience that William Shakespeare did not write the plays attributed to him.

What are questions of policy? Give an example.

Insert def of 'question of policy.' Ex - Should the electoral college be abolished.

What are questions of value? Give an example.

Insert def of 'question of value.' Ex - To persuade my audience that elephant trophy hunting is legally and morally wrong.

Need

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

Persuasion

The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions.

Plan

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

What is the target audience for a persuasive speech?

The target audience is the part of the whole audience a speaker most wants to reach with his or her message.

Practicality

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

What are the three basic issues you must deal with when discussing a question of policy?

The three basic issues you must address on questions of policy are need, plan, and practicality. The amount of attention you give to each of these issues will depend on the topic and audience.

Problem-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

Problem-cause-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.

Monroe's motivated sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

Speech to gain immediate action

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy

Speech to gain passive agreement

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goals is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.

What does it mean to say that audiences engage in a mental dialogue with the speaker as they listen to a speech? What implications does this mental give-and-take hold for effective persuasive speaking?

As they listen, audience members assess the speaker's credibility, delivery, supporting materials, and language. They may argue, inside their own minds, with the speaker. When preparing the speech, speakers try to put themselves in the place of the audience and imagine how they will respond.

What are the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence? Why is the motivated sequence especially useful in speeches that seek immediate action from listeners?

The five steps of Monroe's motivated sequences are: Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action. It is useful because it is psychologically based.

What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

The four methods of organization used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy are: Problem-solution order, problem-cause-solution order, comparative advantages order, and Monroe's motivated sequence.

Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.

The goal of passive agreement is to ... [insert def]. The goal of immediate actions is to ... [ insert def].

Mental dialogue with the audience

The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech

Burden of proof

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

Target audience

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.