Quizzam 2

Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

3 (proximal tubule)

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

T cells.

All of the following will increase Net Filtration Pressure, except?

decrease resistance in efferent arteriole

Which is true about micturition

it involved both the autonomic and somatic nervous system

Use the following values below to determine the state of the respiratory system is at altitude. ATM: 360 Intrapulmonic: 363 Intrapleural: 359

normal expiration

For the following question , use the following to indicate what the current state of the respiratory system is. ATM: 761 Intrapulmonic: 759 Intrapleural: 756

normal inspiration

In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are

not filtered

Please place the following in order for expiration.

- Inspiratory muscles relax - thoracic volume decreases - Elastic Lungs recoil passively - Intrapulomary volume decreases - Intrapulmonary pressure rises - air flows out of lung

The amount of plasma that filters into the nephrons per minute is approximately ___________ of the total volume of blood.

20%

If you are in the interstitial space of the tissues, you would expect to find these partial pressures of O2 and CO2 respectively

40, 45

Where does most secretion occur?

5 (distal tubule)

Which of the following statements about the regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is false? a. Constriction of the efferent arterioles increases the GFR. b. Elevation of blood pressure increases the GFR. c. Constriction of the afferent arteriole increases the GFR d. glomerular capillary permeability can affect GFR

Constriction of the afferent arteriole increases the GFR

GFR is relatively constant, even at high blood pressures and this is because.... a. if uncontrolled, high MAP would increase renal blood flow causing high GFR rates and the loss of blood volum b. MAP is a significant factor in GFR rates over the ranges from 80-150 mmHg c. GFR varies with changing MAP across a wide range

If uncontrolled, high MAP would increase renal blood flow causing high GFR rates and the loss of blood volum

Which statement about autoregulation is true?

Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes via stretches in the arteriole wall.

Which is the likely outcome if the NaK-ATPase on the basolateral membrane stops working

Na+ would build up inside the cell which would reduce the amount of glucose reabsorption

Juxta glomerular cells are part of which structure in the nephron? a. Afferent arterioles b. Efferent arterioles c. Bowman's capsule d. Proximal convoluted tubule e. Glomerulus

a. Afferent arterioles

Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors? a. the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid b. combined amount of CO2 in the blood and air in the alveoli c. the negative feedback of expansion fibers used during inspiration and the outward pull of surface tension due to surfactant d. the expansion of respiratory muscles that were contracted during inspiration and the lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall

a. the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid

When the blood flow and glomerular pressure decline because of low MAP, dilation of the afferent arteriole and constriction of the efferent arteriole cause __________. a. decrease in glomerular blood pressure b. an elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels c. a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate d. an increase in the secretion of renin and erythropoietin

b. an elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels

The pressure that represents the resistance to flow along the nephron and conducting system is the __________. a. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) b. capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) c. blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) d. capsular colloid osmotic pressure (CCOP)

b. capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

What is the process that can return useful solutes like electrolytes and glucose to the blood? a. Filtration b. Reabsorption c. Concentrating the urine d. Secretion

b. reabsorption

Which of the following choices correctly traces the route of glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron? a. Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, ascending loop of Henle, descending loop of Henle, distal tubule b. proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubuledescending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule c. Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule

c. Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule

Which of the following is least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of Henle) of a healthy adult nephron? a. Glucose b. Amino acids c. Large molecular weight protein d. Electrolytes

c. Large molecular weight protein

Macula densa cells sense concentrations of which of the following? a. Renin b. Atrial natriuretic peptide c. Sodium ion d. antiduretic hormone e. Human growth hormone

c. Sodium ion

The respiratory membrane is a combination of a. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts b. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs c. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes d. atria and alveolar sacs

c. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

Macula densa cells function by a. detecting the amount of Na+. If Na+ is too low then it indicates that GFR is too high and causes the afferent arteriole to constrict as a result b. detecting the amount of Na+. If Na+ is too lower then it indicates that GFR is too low and causes the afferent arteriole to constrict as a result c. detecting the amount of K+. If K+ is too high then it indicates that GFR is too high and causes the afferent arteriole to constrict as a result d. detecting the amount of Na+. If Na+ is too high then it indicates that GFR is too high and causes the afferent arteriole to constrict as a result

d. detecting the amount of Na+. If Na+ is too high then it indicates that GFR is too high and causes the afferent arteriole to constrict as a result

Urine is formed in a three-step process: which of the following gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron? a. Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration b. Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption c. Tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption, glomerular filtration d. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

d. glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

If the efferent arteriole increases resistance, what will happen to capillary hydrostatic pressure and colloid oncotic pressure? a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, no change d. increase, no change

d. increase; no change

During a flight or fight response you would want the kidney to respond by ___________ GFR and thus _____________ urine output.

decrease, decrease

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

naturally aquired active

If clearance of X is greater than GFR then

net secretion of X

If a plasma concentration of X is 5mg/ml and the Transport maximum occurs at a plasma concentration of 4 mg/ml what would you predict.

the renal threshold would have been exceeded and some of substance X would be excreted