REA EMT PREP

Which of the following signs of hypoxia is more common in pediatric patients? A. bradycardia B. anxiety C. tachycardia D. restlessness

A. bradycardia ·Rationale:Bradycardia is a more common sign of hypoxia in pediatric patients. Anxiety, tachycardia, and restlessness are common signs of hypoxia in patients of all ages.

The hypoxic respiratory drive works by monitoring: A. oxygen levels. B. carbon dioxide levels .C. blood glucose levels. D. the pulse oximetry (SaO2) reading.

A. oxygen levels The hypoxic drive is the body's backup system to the CO2 drive. It monitors oxygen levels in the blood, not CO2 or blood glucose. The pulse oximeter is an external patient monitoring device.

Which of the following signs of hypoxia is more commonly found in pediatric patients? A. seesaw respirations B. cyanosis C. tachypnea D. altered level of consciousness

A. seesaw respirations ·Rationale:Seesaw breathing is more common in pediatric patients. Cyanosis, tachypnea, and altered LOC may be seen in hypoxic patients of any age.

Your patient has severe bleeding to her forearm. If direct pressure does not control the bleeding, you should immediately: A. transport the patient. B. apply a tourniquet. C. apply pressure to the proximal artery. D. replace the blood-soaked dressing.

B. apply a tourniquet. :A tourniquet should be applied if bleeding from an extremity is not controlled by direct pressure. Application of a tourniquet should not be delayed to apply arterial pressure or for transport. Blood-soaked dressings should be covered, NOT removed.

An elderly patient reportedly collapsed on a golf course almost 10 minutes ago. You assess her level of consciousness and determine she is unresponsive. Which of the following should you do first: A. open the airway and insert an OPA. B. assess pulse and begin CPR if needed. C. providing ventilations with high flow oxygen. D. attach the AED.

B. assess pulse and begin CPR if needed.

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes: A. decreased respiratory rates. B. increased cardiac output. C. peripheral vasodilation. D. increased blood flow to the digestive tract.

B. increased cardiac output. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes increased cardiac output, increased respirations, peripheral vasoconstriction, and decreased blood flow to the GI tract

You are dispatched for a homeless person found unresponsive. You find the patient prone on the sidewalk unresponsive to pain. You should first: A. assess the blood glucose level. B. log roll the patient into a supine position. C. auscultate lung sounds. D. expose the patient and check the back for apparent injuries.

B. log roll the patient into a supine position. :The first priority for an unresponsive patient is to initiate CPR if needed. To do this, the patient must be supine. All other options would delay assessment of circulation.

Your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 40 beats per minute. Breaths are shallow at six per minute. You should immediately:

Begin chest compressions.(, beginning with chest compressions, is indicated for unresponsive children with a pulse rate below 60. For additional information, review the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines.

Severe internal bleeding is most likely following an injury to which of the following organs? A. The stomach. B. The appendix. C. The spleen. D. The gallbladder.

C. The spleen. The risk of internal bleeding is much greater with injury to solid organs, such as the spleen. The stomach, appendix, and gallbladder are hollow organs. Damage to hollow organs will more likely lead to infection

Which of the following patients should be your highest transport priority? A. an adult with a superficial burn that covers 15% of the total body surface area. B. any 1st degree burn to the hands or feet of a pediatric patient. C. a partial-thickness burn with respiratory compromise. D. any burn with severe pain over 10% total body surface area.

C. a partial-thickness burn with respiratory compromise. Any burn patient with respiratory compromise should be considered a high transport priority. Patients with first degree (superficial) burns or pain would be considered a lower transport priority in comparison.

You are called for a child with an altered level of consciousness. Her parents report a recent history of increased appetite, thirst, and frequent urination. The child's blood glucose is 350 mg/dL. The child is most likely experiencing: A. insulin shock. B. hypoglycemia. C. diabetic ketoacidosis. D. water intoxication.

C. diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient is presenting with the classic signs of untreated DKA (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia)

Inadequate oxygen delivery to the body's tissues is called: A. hypercarbia. B. hypoperfusion. C. shock. D. hypoxia.

D. hypoxia. Inadequate oxygen delivery to the body is hypoxia. Hypercarbia is abnormally high carbon dioxide levels. Shock and hypoperfusion both refer to inadequate tissue perfusion.

You are caring for a confused and restless 16-year-old female with blunt chest trauma following a single vehicle accident. She complains of dyspnea and orthopnea. You note a reduced tidal volume, cyanosis and tachycardia. Which of the following should be done first? A. Begin positive pressure ventilations. B. Perform a rapid scan. C. Perform a secondary exam. D. Obtain a pulse oximeter (SaO2) reading

A. Begin positive pressure ventilations. The patient has inadequate ventilations. Positive pressure ventilations should be initiated before other assessments are performed.

Which of the following is true during inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient? A. There is a drop in pressure within the thorax. B. There is an increase in pressure within the thorax. C. Air is being pushed into the lungs. D. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are relaxed.

A. There is a drop in pressure within the thorax. Rationale:During inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are contracting. There is a drop in pressure within the thorax and air is pulled in, not pushed. See chapter 7 for additional information.

An elderly female reportedly had a severe headache for the last 24 hours. She was recently found unconscious in bed. Her family reports she has a history of hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The patient's current condition is most likely due to: A. a hemorrhagic stroke. B. a cardiac emergency. C. another TIA. D. a migraine headache.

A. a hemorrhagic stroke. The patient's signs and symptoms are consistent with a stroke, not a cardiac emergency or migraine headache. Signs of a TIA are similar to a stroke but resolve within 24 hours.

A 36-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is anxious, has intercostal retractions and nasal flaring. Her respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. You do not have a pulse oximeter. You should: A. administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. B. withhold oxygen until a pulse oximeter reading is obtained. C. apply a nasal cannula at 4 lpm. D. begin positive pressure ventilations.

A. administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. ·Rationale:Patients with signs of hypoxia should be placed on supplemental oxygen. The NRB mask is the preferred method of oxygen administration for patients with respiratory distress with adequate breathing and no pulse oximeter reading.

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma. You note air is escaping from the mouth and nose with each breath. You should: A. perform a jaw thrust maneuver. B. manually seal the mouth and nose. C. open the airway using a head tilt-chin lift. D. reduce the tidal volume of each ventilation.

B. manually seal the mouth and nose. ·Rationale:The mouth and nose should be sealed when ventilating a patient with a stoma to prevent air leak. The jaw thrust and head tilt-chin lift will not prevent air leak. Reducing tidal volume may lead to inadequate ventilations.

Epinephrine stimulates which of the following physiological effects? A. bradypnea. B. tachycardia. C. peripheral vasodilation. D. sedation.

B. tachycardia. Epinephrine stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. This causes tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction. It does not have a sedative affect

Your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. Which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient? A. Assess respiratory rate. B. Open the airway. C. Perform a SAMPLE history. D. Determine if CPR is indicated

D. Determine if CPR is indicated Unresponsive patients should be assessed using the CAB sequence. Circulation is assessed first in order to begin CPR as quickly as possible if needed.