Reading #2_Chap 2
According to research, which two traits are assets for first-line and middle managers? (Select two.)
High need for achievement High need for power
Which personality trait is best exemplified by someone who wants to start his or her own business?
High openness to experience
According to the text, what factors contribute to a manager's effectiveness? (Check all that apply.)
His or her personality traits The organization in which he or she works The nature of the job itself
_______ values provide guidance about how organizations and their members achieve organizational goals.
Instrumental
Which of the following could be a positive outcome of having a manager who ranks high on negative affectivity?
It can encourage the manager and others to improve performance.
Which individual has a high need for affiliation?
John, who is concerned that others will like him
The ______ is the most widely used personality assessment.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Juan's boss never seems to be satisfied. He always complains about everyone's work and is often angry. Juan's boss ranks high on which personality trait?
Negative affectivity
Which of the Big Five personality traits relates to feeling distressed, having undesirable emotions, and being critical of oneself and others?
Negative affectivity
A manager who must be conservative in his or her planning and decision making might want to have a low ranking in which personality trait?
Openness to experience
Reggie came to work on his first day wearing a suit and tie. He quickly observed that everyone else was wearing jeans and t-shirts. What key element of the organization did Reggie fail to understand?
Organizational language
What is a disadvantage of the Attraction-Selection-Attrition model in organizations?
Resistance to change due to similar people viewing things in similar ways
What are the most common rites firms use to transmit cultural norms to their employees? (Check all that apply.)
Rites of enhancement Rites of passage Rites of integration
In addition to personality, what other personal characteristics of managers are said to shape organizational culture? (Select all that apply.)
Their values Their attitudes
Select from the following the instrumental values that your text identifies as being important to managers. (Check all that apply)
ambitious self-controlled broad-minded
Colin thinks he is responsible for his own fate within his company in terms of whether or not he gets promoted or which jobs are assigned to him. Colin can be said to have _______.
an internal locus of control
Emotional intelligence can help managers perform their important roles, such as their _______ roles. (Check all that apply.)
figurehead liaison leader
A person defines his or her state of mind as a(n) _______.
mood
Kerry works hard to maintain good working relationships with her clients. It is also important that she be liked by her coworkers. Kerry has a high _______.
need for affiliation
The use of ceremonies, rites, stories and language are ways in which managers maintain and transmit _______ to employees.
organizational culture
Josh is a new employee. He is just starting to learn what the organization's values are and is beginning to develop the work behaviors necessary for him to perform his job well. Josh is in the process of _______.
organizational socialization
Clarence is getting ready to retire and Ted is slated to take over his position. The preparation for Clarence's retirement and Ted's promotion fall under the rites of ______.
passage
The rites of ________ determine how individuals enter an organization, how they advance through an organization, and ultimately how they will leave the organization.
passage
In an organization, negative moods and emotions can indicate _______.
problems that need attention
Beliefs that signify what an organization and its employees are trying to accomplish are _______ values, and values that guide how the organization and its members achieve organizational goals are _______ values.
terminal; instrumental
Negative affectivity can be described as _______.
the tendency to feel distressed and be critical of oneself and others
An internal locus of control can be described as _______.
the tendency to locate responsibility for one's fate within oneself
Which personality trait is especially important for upper-level managers?
A high need for power
Which terminal values does your text identify as being especially important for managers? (Check all that apply.)
A sense of accomplishment Equality Self-respect
A manager who is uncooperative and distrustful of others would rank low on which personality trait?
Agreeableness
What personality trait is exhibited by a person who generally gets along with others?
Agreeableness
The Big Five personality traits range from "extraversion" to "openness to experience." What are the remaining three traits? (Check all that apply.)
Agreeableness Negative affectivity Conscientiousness
Which of the following are rites of integration? (Check all that apply.)
Announcements of organizational successes Office parties Company cookouts
Which of the following occupations is best suited for someone who ranks high in extroversion?
Bartender
Which of the following characteristics of managers plays a role in determining organizational culture?
Both terminal and instrumental values
A person ranking high on the "openness to experience" personality trait would exhibit which of the following traits? (Check all that apply.)
Broad interests Risk taking Originality
How do rites of enhancement reinforce an organization's values and norms?
By bonding members within an organization
How are the "Big Five" personality traits used to describe a manager's personality?
By determining where the manager falls on the continuum for each trait
Because they must have perseverance and determination to overcome the obstacles to starting a new business, entrepreneurs often rank high in which personality trait?
Conscientiousness
Which type of culture is best suited for organizations that rely on a defined, hierarchical structure?
Conservative
Which of the following are components of organizational language? (Check all that apply.)
Degree of formality Spoken language Manner of dress
Which of the following jobs is best suited for a manager that ranks low on agreeableness?
Drill sergeant
Tyrell is friendly, outgoing, sociable, and always seems to experience positive emotions and moods. These characteristics can be attributed to which personality trait?
Extraversion
What personality trait is exhibited by a person who tends to experience positive emotions and generally feels good about himself and the rest of the world?
Extraversion
Which of the following is a "Big Five" personality trait?
Extraversion
Which of the following are the "Big Five" personality traits? (Check all that apply)
Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Negative affectivity Openness to Experience
True or false: A socialization system is defined as the terminal and instrumental values that are guiding principles in an individual's life.
False
True or false: Agreeableness is the personality trait exhibited by a person who experiences positive emotions and tends to feel good about himself.
False
True or false: Founders typically have little effect on the development of an organization's culture.
False
True or false: In order for a story to communicate organizational culture, it must be based on fact.
False
True or false: The need for power relates to an individual's desire to perform challenging tasks.
False
Which of the following traits would be exhibited by a manager who is extraverted? (Check all that apply.)
Sociable Outgoing Affectionate
The DiSC personality assessment measures which of the following traits? (Check all that apply.)
Steadiness Conscientiousness Dominance Influence
Which of the following are true regarding the relationship between stories and organizational culture? (Check all that apply.)
Stories can reveal behaviors that an organization values. Stories can reveal practices that an organization frowns upon. Stories can reveal organizational values and norms.
A high level of conscientiousness is associated with which tendencies? (Check all that apply.)
Tendency to be careful Tendency to be scrupulous Tendency to persevere
_______ values make up an individual's value system and impact the guiding principles in an individual's life.
Terminal and instrumental
Which of the following are reasons why it is good for a manager to have an internal locus of control? (Check all that apply.)
They are responsible for ensuring their employees behave in an ethical manner. They are responsible for what happens in their organization. They need to believe that they can make a difference.
Select the likely outcomes of subordinates whose managers experience positive moods at work. (Check all that apply.)
They perform at a higher level. They are less likely to resign. Their creativity is enhanced.
Which of the following are ways in which a manager would most likely lead in an organization with an innovative culture? (Check all that apply.)
They would encourage risk-taking. They would lead by example.
Which of the following are ways in which managers would perform the controlling function in an innovative culture? (Check all that apply.)
They would stress flexibility. They would place more importance on long-term performance.
Which of the following are ways in which organizational culture is maintained and transmitted to organizational members? (Select all that apply.)
Through stories and language Through values of the founder Through ceremonies and rites
A manager ranking low in conscientiousness would exhibit which of the following traits? (Check all that apply.)
Unorganized Lack of direction
A mood is defined as _______.
a feeling or state of mind
A person who ranks high on the "openness to experience" personality trait shows _______.
a willingness to take risks
An instrumental value your text identifies as being important to managers is _____.
ambition
Some research suggests that people's critical thinking is enhanced when they _______.
are in a negative mood
Instrumental values _______.
are modes of conduct that an individual seeks to follow
People with an external locus of control tend to _______.
believe that outside forces are responsible for what happens to them
Managers who rank high on the _______ personality trait tend to be careful in their work, scrupulous, and persevering.
conscientiousness
A(n) ______ culture is likely to use management by objectives.
conservative
In an organization that exhibits _______ values, top managers are more likely to emphasize formalized, top-down planning processes, which can slow decision making.
conservative
A person with a high need for power can best be described as wanting to _______.
control or influence others
Both positive and negative moods can contribute to _______ in the workplace.
creativity
Benjamin Schneider developed a model that helps explain the role that founders' personal characteristics play in determining organizational _______.
culture
The founders of the company tend to hire employees with similar personalities, which, as a result, shapes the _______ of the company.
culture
When there is too much similarity in terms of people and ideas in an organization, its _______ can be impaired due to the lack of diverse perspectives.
effectiveness
Colin just found out that his sales rep lost a big account. The initial anger Colin feels can be described as his _______.
emotion
Mega corporation holds an annual award dinner to recognize employee achievements gained throughout the year. This is an example of rites of _______.
enhancement
When problems arise in her department at work, Tammy would rather let other people take the initiative to solve them since she doesn't think her actions would have much effect on the outcome. Tammy has a(n) _______ locus of control.
external
Positive moods are likely to be experienced by people who display _______.
extraversion
An individual can be described as having a(n) _______ if he or she enjoys challenging tasks and sets high personal standards for himself/herself.
high need for achievement
Jenna is an accountant. She feels very confident in her work, gets along well with others, and is certain of her ability to handle her clients needs. Jenna has a(n) _______.
high self-esteem
A manager with high emotional intelligence is better able to understand and manage _______.
his/her own feelings effectively
The attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) framework illustrates _______.
how personality may influence organizational culture
Norms are _______.
informal codes of conduct about how people should act in particular situations
Bridget just started working at a company that has a flat, organic structure with little hierarchy. When problems arise, her team is encouraged to come up with a solution; there is no central authority they must report to. Her company's culture is most likely _______.
innovative
Lionel is a manager of new product development. He wants to make sure his employees are flexible and take the initiative to come up with new ideas. Because of that, Lionel is not concerned about his employees doing their jobs in a specific manner. The way in which Lionel controls his employees is indicative of a(n) _______ culture.
innovative
Once a month, Kendra holds an organizational planning meeting. She invites all lower-level managers to participate in the process and encourages a flexible approach to planning. Kendra's organization most likely has a(n) _______ culture.
innovative
Kaylee has decided that she will strive to be cheerful, ambitious, and honest in all of her dealings at work. These desired modes of conduct are Kaylee's _______ values.
instrumental values
Rites of _______ build and reinforce common bonds among members of an organization.
integration
Emotions can be defined as _______.
intense, relatively short-lived feelings
Because managers are responsible for what happens in their organizations, they benefit from having a(n) ______ locus of control.
internal
Chad and Derek are both managers. Chad feels responsible for the success of his department, while Derek doesn't think his actions make much of a difference. Chad has a(n)_______ locus of control and Derek has a(n) _______ locus of control.
internal, external
People who feel they have responsibility for their own fate have a(n) _______ locus of control, while those who believe outside forces are responsible for what happens to them have a(n) _______ locus of control.
internal; external
Terminal values can be described as _______.
lifelong goals that an individual seeks to achieve
The Big Five personality traits can be viewed as a continuum with each trait ranging from _______.
low to high
Managerial effectiveness is determined by a complex interaction between the nature of the job and the organization in which a manager works and the _______.
manager's characteristics, including personality traits
The attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) framework suggests that _______.
managers are drawn to employees with similar personalities as their own
Personality traits that may be effective in one situation may be detrimental in another. This illustrates the fact that _______.
no one trait is right or wrong for being effective as a manager
Terminal values often lead to the formation of _______.
norms
The unwritten office code is that employees should treat each other with respect and conduct themselves in an ethical manner. These are examples of company _______.
norms
Through the rites of passage, integration, and enhancement, organizations transmit _______ to their members.
norms and values
According to the Big Five personality traits, people who rank high on _______ are especially likely to experience negative moods.
openness to experience
How people feel about themselves and their capabilities is directly related to their _______.
self-esteem
As noted in your text, a sense of accomplishment, equality, and _______ are terminal values that are especially important for managers.
self-respect
Organizations in which members share an intense commitment to cultural values, beliefs, and routines and use them to achieve their goals have a _______ organizational culture.
strong
Melody wants to live in a peaceful world, where she is free to make her own choices and can enjoy a leisurely life. These lifelong goals are Melody's _______ values.
terminal
The two types of personal values are _______ and _______. (Select two.)
terminal instrumental
A manager's effectiveness is determined by a complex interaction between their personality traits and _______.
the nature of the job and organization
Over time, the founder's values and norms permeate and define _______.
the organizational culture
Organizational socialization can be defined as _______.
the process by which newcomers learn an organization's values and norms and acquire the work behaviors to perform jobs effectively
Terminal values often lead to the formation of norms, which are _______.
unwritten, informal codes of conduct
The terms "terminal" and "instrumental" refer to two types of _______.
values
A person with a high need for achievement would most likely _______.
want to receive performance feedback
Employees that are loosely committed to shared organizational values, beliefs, and routines are a characteristic of an organization with a _______ organizational culture.
weak