Reading in the Philippines History and Society V
Edsa Revolution
Between February 22 and 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipino congregated on EDSA to protest against President Ferdinand Marcos and his assertion that he had defeated Corazon Aquino in the re-election vote.
Judicial Branch
Comprises the Supreme Court and the lower Courts. NOTE: INTERPRET NG BATAS
EDSA
Edsa in 1946 was named AVENIDA 19 de Junio for Jose Rizal's birth date In 1950s renamed it became HIGHWAY 54 In 1959, renamed it became "Epifanio de los Santos Avenue" or EDA
Executive Branch
Headed by the PRESIDENT and appointed cabinet members. The President can still declare martial law, but is expires within 60 days and Congress can either reject or extent it. NOTE: NAGPAPATUPAD NG BATAS
But to Filipinos, MacArthur is a hero without flaw. "I shall return," he promised in retreat before the Japanese in the first dark days of 1942; and he kept his promise when U.S. troops stormed back into the Philippines in 1944.
How is MacArthur viewed in the Philippines?
Gen. Edward P. King
Major Genral in The US Army who led the defence of the Bataan Peninsula
1. Roxas Administration May 28,1946 - April 15,1948
Served as the THIRD and LAST President of the COMMONWEALTH Government. -He is the FIRST President of THIRD Republic of the philippines. -Pioneered the foreign policy of the Republic -Philipinne banking system established -Died of a heart attack
(Executive Order No. 134, s. 1937, Issued by Quezon)
Tagalog was designated the national language.
Legistative branch
consists of the Senate and House of Representatives there are twenty four senators and house is composed of district representatives. NOTE: GUMAGAWA NG BATAS
Battle of Corregidor (Feb 16-26, 1945)
The Culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Philippines. -Gen. Jonathan Wainwright was the Commander of the American and Filipino forces in Corregidor. -The Island of Corregidor is a part of the Cavite province (Region IV)
"KALIBAPI"
The PEC formally abolished all political parties on December 8, 1942, by virtue of Proclamation No. 109 Creating the "Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (Organization in the Service of the New Philippines) or better known then as the "KALIBAPI"
Department of Education
The last department turned over by the Americans to be governed by a Filipino to ensure quality education in the Philippines and to preserve the interest of the US. -The first appointed head of the Department of Education during the Commonwealth period was Sergio Osmena
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
it provided for a presidential system of government with a unicameral legislature. It had the power to enact laws for the Philippines, known as Commonwealth Acts, through the National Assembly
Second Philippine Republic
known in the Philippines as Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a puppet state established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation.
HUKBALAHAP (The Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
was a communist Guerrilla movement formed by the Farmers of Central Luzon led by Luis Taruc and Castro Alejandrino as his right-hand man. -The members were simply known as Huks.
Douglas MacArthur.
was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army.
The Philippine Executive Commission (PEC)
was established in January 1942 with Jorge B. Vargas as its first Chairman. It was created as the temporary caretaker government of the Greater Manila Area and eventually of the whole Philippines during the Japanese occupation in the country during World War II.
Battle of Bataan (Jan 7, 1942 - Apr 9, 1942)
was fought by the United States and the Philippine Commonwealth against Japan during World War II. The battle represented the most intense phase of the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II.
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬
𝙀𝙫𝙤𝙡𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙤 𝘼𝙡𝙥𝙝𝙖𝙗𝙚𝙩
𝙀𝙫𝙤𝙡𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙤 𝘼𝙡𝙥𝙝𝙖𝙗𝙚𝙩
𝙎𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙 𝙋𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙍𝙚𝙥𝙪𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘
𝙎𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙 𝙋𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙍𝙚𝙥𝙪𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘
𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙬𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙝 𝙂𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 (1935-1946)
𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙬𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙝 𝙂𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 (1935-1946)
4. Carlos Garcia Admiration March 18, 1957 - December 30-1961
-He was known for promoting the "FILIPINO FIRST POLICY" which favoured Filipino businesses over foreign investors. -He became a famous poet and known as the "PRINCE OF VISAYAN POETS" and the "BARD FRO BOHOL" -FIRST PRESIDENT buried at the "Libingan ng mga Bayani"
2. Quirino Administration April 17, 1948 - December 30, 1953
-Strengthening the people's confidence in the government and restoration of peace -Hukbalahap Guerrila movement was active during his presidency
Abakada
20 letters; introduced in 1940 by the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa of grammarian Lope K. Santos
Modern Filipino Alphabet
28 letters; English Alphabet plus the Spanish Ñ and Tagalog Ng digraph
Baybayin
Pre colonial Alphabet. FIRST ALPHABET
President Manuel L. Quezon and VP Sergio Osmena
First President and Vice-President of the commonwealth government
Abecedario
Had 28-32 letters; the original alphabet of the Catholic Filipinos, a Spanish Alphabet
5. Diosdado Macapagal December 30, 1961- December 30, 1965
He established the FIRST LAND REFORM Law ( allowing for the purchase of private farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the landless. -He placed the Philippine peso on the free currency exchange market and encouraged exports; he signed Minimum Wage Law -Macapagal signed a law to create the Philippine Veterans Banks
3. Ramon Magsaysay Administration December 30, 1953 - March 17, 1957
He is the First President who sworn into office wearing BARONG TAGALOG during the inauguration. -His presidency was referred to as the Philippines "GOLDEN YEARS" for its lack of corruption -He led the DEFEAT of the Hukbalahap Movement -He stablished the National Resettle and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among other reforms -He died in aircraft disaster while boarding the presidential plane.
6. Ferdinand Marcos December 30, 1965- February 25, 1986
He is the LAST PRESIDENT of the THIRD Republic. He was one of most controversial leaders of 20th century. He ruled the Philippines for 21 years and was removed from office after PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION First Elected in 1965; Re elected in 1969 He Declared MARTIAL LAW on September 21, 1972 and end on January 17, 1981
Sergio Osmena Sr. (August 1, 1944-May 28, 1946)
He served as the 2nd president of the Commonwealth Government. During his administration, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund. -He was the first Visayan to become president, born in Cebu City. -He joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte an October 20, 1944, to begin the restoration of Philippine freedom after the Japanese occupation.
The 1987 Philippine Constitution (Present Consitution)
This is the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986 and was ratified by nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987 -President Corazon Aquino drafted a New constitution and issued Proclamation No. 3on March 25, 1986 abrogating many of provisions of the 1973 Constitution adopted during the Marcos Regime. -Often called " Freedom Constitution" (Democracy and Freedom of the people)
Commonwealth Government
This was the government that interrupted by the Japanese occupation.
Considered to be the LARGEST Naval combat in History, This historic engagement almost destroyed the entire Japanese fleet, rendering it incapable of further assault. -Success of the U.S in the battle of Leyte Gulf -Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945 -
What happened at the Battle of Leyte Gulf?
Despite insufficient supplies, American and Filipino troops were able to fight for three months. Eventually, they surrendered to Japanese troops and were forced into the Bataan Death March—where some of the most horrific war crimes were committed by the Japanese.
What happened in the Battle of Bataan?
During the Battle of Bataan, troops suffered from disease, hunger, wounds, and deaths. By the time the Filipinos and the US troops finally surrendered on April 9, 1942, the Philippine scouts were in a very bad position.
What problems did the American troops face in Bataan?
On April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P. King Jr. surrenders at Bataan, Philippines—against General Douglas MacArthur's orders—and 78,000 troops (66,000 Filipinos and 12,000 Americans), the largest contingent of U.S. soldiers ever to surrender, are taken captive by the Japanese.
When did the American and Filipino soldiers surrender in Bataan?
On October 20, 1944, General Douglas MacArthur delivered his famous "I Have Returned" speech upon landing on Leyte Island.
When was General Douglas MacArthur returned to the Philippines?
Emanuel L. Quezon
Who is the Father of Social Justice?
𝐉𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟐-𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓)
𝐉𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟐-𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓)