Red Book - Abdomen Review

Which of the following would not be a laboratory finding typically analyzed with suspected gallbladder disease ?

Alpha - Fetoprotein

Which of the following is typically transmitted through contaminated water found . places such as Mexico , Central America , South America , Asia , India , and Africa ?

Amebic liver abscess

Which of the following is an artifact that alters the echogenicity of a tendon ?

Anisotropy

The right portal vein divides into :

Anterior and posterior branches

The right lobe of the liver can be divided into :

Anterior and posterior segments

Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening ?

Ascites

The insulinoma is a :

Benign pancreatic tumor

The TIPS shunt is placed :

Between a portal vein and hepatic vein

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small , highly reflective interfaces , such as gas bubbles , describes :

Comet tail artifact

A 71 - year - old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged , palpable gallbladder . These findings are highly suspicious for :

Courvoisier gallbladder

The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the :

Cystic artery

Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include :

Elevated liver function tests

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed :

Exudate ascites

Sonographically , when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic , this is indicative of :

Fatty liver disease

Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder :

Fills with sludge

Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar ?

Focal nodular hyperplasia

Empyema of the gallbladder denotes :

Gallbladder filled with pus

What is / are cholelithiasis ?

Gallstones

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes :

Gangrenous cholecystitis

The covering of the liver is referred to as :

Glisson capsule

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the :

Granuloma

Which of the following is considered the most common benign childhood hepatic mass ?

Hemangioendothelioma

Which of the following laboratory values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient who has suffered from recent trauma ?

Hematocrit

A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the :

Hematoma

The childhood syndrome Beckwith - Weidemann is associated with an increased risk for developing :

Hepatoblastoma

Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed :

Hepatopetal

Which of the following is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignancy ?

Human chorionic gonadotropin ( beta - hCG )

Which of the following is associated with E. granulosus ?

Hydatid liver cyst

Which of the following masses would be most worrisome for malignancy ?

Hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

Right - sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the :

IVC and hepatic veins

Which of the following is not a rule of surgical asepsis ?

If one sterile person must pass another , they must pass face - to face .

The main portal vein divides into :

Left and right branches

Which of the following is the space located between the pancreas and the stomach ?

Lesser sac

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the :

Ligamentum teres

Shortly after birth , the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the :

Ligamentum venosum

Of the list below , which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ ?

Liver

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except: a.Liver b.Renal pelvis c.Urinary bladder d.Ureter

Liver

Normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate a :

Low - resistance wave form pattern , with a quick upstroke , and gradual deceleration with diastole

Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder ?

Main lobar fissure

The hepatoma is a :

Malignant tumor of the liver

The hepatoblastoma is a :

Malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

The left portal vein divides into :

Medial and lateral branches

The left lobe of the liver can be divided into :

Medial and lateral segments

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the :

Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer ?

Metastatic liver disease

All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except :

Middle hepatic vein

The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the :

Middle hepatic vein

The main lobar fissure contains the :

Middle hepatic vein

Which part of the gallbladder is involved in Hartmann pouch ?

Neck

Which of the following is another name for the Wilms tumor ?

Nephroblastoma

Which of the following are not considered retroperitoneal organs ?

Ovaries

The gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the :

Pancreas

Which of the following has both an endocrine and an exocrine function ?

Pancreas

Which of the following is not considered to be an intraperitoneal organ ?

Pancreas

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as :

Papillary process

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen .

Paracolic gutters

The right intersegmental fissure contains the :

Right hepatic vein

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the :

Right hepatic vein

What is the artifact most likely encountered posterior to a gallstone ?

Shadowing

Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is characteristically found in Africans or people of African descent ?

Sickle cell disease

Which of the following is not an endocrine organ or structure ?

Spleen

A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the :

Teratoma

The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed :

13 mm

The gallbladder wall should measure not more than :

3 mm

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed :

5 cm

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the:

Adrenal gland

The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the:

Adrenal gland

The most common cause of cirrhosis is :

Alcoholism

Which of the following occurs when the Doppler sampling rate ( pulse - repetition frequency ) is not high enough to display the Doppler frequency shift ?

Aliasing

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels , muscle , and fat .

Angiomyolipoma

The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes

Bile duct carcinoma

What form of hepatic abnormality are immunocompromised patients more prone to develop ?

Candidiasis

What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract ?

Cholecystokinin

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with :

Cholesterolosis

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the :

Choriocarcinoma

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the :

Fibromuscular layer

Which hepatic mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use ?

Hepatic adenoma

All of the following are sequela of cirrhosis except :

Hepatic artery contraction

Budd - Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the :

Hepatic veins

Which of the following is the most common reason for a liver transplant ?

Hepatitis C

A tumor that is of similar echotexture to normal liver tissue is discovered in the liver of an asymptomatic patient . What is the echogenicity of the tumor ?

Isoechoic

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the :

Mucosal layer

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except :

Pericholecystic fluid

Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant tumor ?

Pheochromocytoma

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the :

Phrygian cap

Which of the following is true about the portal veins ?

Portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins .

What is another name for Morrison pouch ?

Posterior right subhepatic space

All of the following are clinical findings of HCC except :

Reduction in AFP

Which of the following is caused by the bending of the ultrasound beam when it passes through an interface between two tissues with vastly dissimilar speeds of sound and the angle of the approach is not perpendicular ?

Refraction

The hypernephroma may also be referred to as the :

Renal cell carcinoma

A tonguelike extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed :

Riedel lobe

The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the :

Right hepatic artery

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the :

Serosal layer

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the :

Spleen

Which of the following is not a salivary gland ?

Thyroid gland

Normal flow within the hepatic veins is said to be :

Triphasic

What is a substance produced by a cancerous tumor or an organ or structure in response to cancer?

Tumor marker

Which of the following occurs behind strong , granular , and irregular surfaces like crystals , calculi , or calcifications such as a kidney stone ?

Twinkle artifact

A patient with cholecystitis most likely has an elevation in which of the following labs?

WBC count

Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm ?

Yolk sac tumor