Research Design Chapter 10 Reading Quiz

Identify the design of a study that manipulates the temperature in a room (warm or cold), difficulty of study material (easy, difficult), and amount of material (low, moderate, high). 2 × 3 2 × 2 × 3 2 × 2 3 × 3 2 × 2 × 2

2 × 2 × 3

In a 2 × 2 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 20 participants per group, how many participants are needed? 20 40 80 60

80

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many interactions are possible? 2 9 1 6

1

A researcher examined judgments of responsibility for an automobile accident by manipulating the type of injuries received (none, mild, or severe) and the time of the accident (7 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m., or 3 a.m.). How many main effects are possible in this study? 4 2 7 12

2

A researcher studies the effect of room music (fast, slow) and room cleanliness (tidy, untidy) on people's dining experience at a restaurant. How many main effects are possible? 1 8 2 4

2

In a 4 ×3 factorial design, for a repeated measures design, how many participants are needed in order to have 20 participants per condition? 20 70 10 40

20

A researcher designs an experiment in which the following are manipulated: the age of an applicant (young, middle, old), the gender (male, female), and the type of job applied for (blue collar, white collar). Identify the type of design this experiment represents. 3 × 2 2 × 2 × 2 3 × 2 × 2 3 × 2 × 3

3 × 2 × 2

A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability. He has people drive a course in wet, dry, and icy conditions. In addition, he has them drive a vehicle with or without power steering, and with an automatic or a manual transmission. This design is an example of a ________ factorial design. 3 × 2 3 × 2 × 2 2 × 2 2 × 2 × 2

3 × 2 × 2

Which of the following is a reason a researcher may design an experiment with more than two levels of an independent variable? When there are only two levels of an independent variable, the relationship between the independent and dependent variables cannot be described with a straight line. An experiment with only two levels of one independent variable always tends to show that there is a positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables. An experimental design with only two levels of the independent variable can only detect curvilinear relationships between the independent and dependent variables. A design with only two levels of one independent variable cannot provide much information about the exact form of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

A design with only two levels of one independent variable cannot provide much information about the exact form of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Which of the following is true of factorial designs? They eliminate the possibility of confounding variables. The simplest factorial design has three independent variables, each having three levels. All levels of each independent variable are combined with all levels of the other independent variable. A control group is unnecessary.

All levels of each independent variable are combined with all levels of the other independent variable.

A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. Latin square IV × PV repeated measures Solomon four-group

IV × PV

A study that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design is called a(n) ________ design. mixed repeated measures and independent groups 2 × 2 IV × PV multiple correlation

IV × PV

If a researcher has male and female participants drive a course under dry or wet road conditions, what kind of research design is it? 1 × 2 factorial design mixed factorial design IV × PV design repeated measures design

IV × PV design

Identify an accurate statement about a factorial design that contains four independent variables, each with two levels. It produces a maximum of two interactions. It produces sixteen conditions. It produces a maximum of seven manipulated effects. It produces twelve main effects.

It produces sixteen conditions.

Which of the following is the general format for describing factorial designs? Number of main effects × Number of interactions Number of conditions of first IV × Number of conditions of second IV Number of levels of first IV × Number of levels of second IV× Number of levels of third IV Number of IVs × Total number of levels

Number of levels of first IV × Number of levels of second IV× Number of levels of third IV

Which of the following is true of a 2 × 2 ×2 factorial design? There are six possible main effects. There are six independent variables, each with two levels. There are four possible conditions. There are four possible interactions.

There are four possible interactions.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true of a 2 × 2 factorial design? There may or may not be a significant main effect for independent variable A. There is always a significant interaction between the independent variables. There are two independent variables, each with two levels, in a 2 ×2 factorial design. There may or may not be a significant main effect for independent variable B.

There is always a significant interaction between the independent variables.

A researcher attempts to study the effect of fear arousal on attitude change. One group experiences no fear while the other group experiences a very high level of fear. Results show no difference in the amount of attitude change in the two groups. Which of the following should have been used in the research? a third group with a moderate level of fear a single level of the independent variable a less reliable measure of attitude change a stronger manipulation of fear

a third group with a moderate level of fear

Dr. Parker finds that judgments of responsibility for an automobile accident are greater for male drivers if the outcome is severe rather than mild. However, for female drivers, ratings are the same irrespective of the outcome. These findings suggest an interaction between gender and responsibility. an interaction between gender and outcome. a main effect of outcome. a main effect of responsibility.

an interaction between gender and outcome.

A researcher finds that for female applicants, the likelihood of being hired for a job increases as their work experience increases. However, for male applicants, the likelihood of being hired decreases as their work experience increases. This finding suggests an interaction between gender and work experience. a main effect of work experience. that gender and work experience have no effect on the likelihood of being hired for a job. a main effect of gender.

an interaction between gender and work experience.

In order to ascertain the main effect of an independent variable, a researcher must use a(n) ________ design. independent groups interaction factorial multiple correlation

factorial

In a factorial design, a main effect is the effect each ________ variable has by itself. correlated dependent independent situational

independent

A researcher designs a study in which participants are randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Each participant is then measured under two different circumstances. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. repeated measures mixed factorial independent groups within-subjects

mixed factorial

In order to study the effects of personality characteristics on intelligence, a researcher assigned participants to two groups: introverts and extroverts. The researcher then conducted two intelligence tests of differing difficulty and calculated the mean scores of the two groups. Each of the participants was also given a puzzle, and the time taken to solve the puzzle was noted down. In this research, which of the following are the attribute variables? personality characteristics—introverts and extroverts the IQ test and the puzzle the time taken to complete the test and the time taken to solve the puzzle mean scores of the two groups

personality characteristics—introverts and extroverts

A line graph is more likely to be used than a bar graph when there are at least three dependent variables. the levels of the independent variable represent different categories. the dependent variables are infinite. the levels of the independent variable are quantitative in nature.

the levels of the independent variable are quantitative in nature.

Factorial designs are often employed because they give a greater approximation of real-world conditions. very few variables tend to affect behavior. combining all levels of each independent variable with all levels of the other independent variables is not possible. two or three independent variables cannot operate simultaneously.

they give a greater approximation of real-world conditions.