Research HESI Flowers 2

What primary sources might be available to someone writing a biography of Queen Elizabeth I, who died in the 17th century?

A diary written by her

A knowledge gap is identified by a nurse researcher. Which of the following may NOT necessarily represent a knowledge gap?

A literature search that shows that no quantitative research, but only qualitative research, exists in the area.

A publication is printed every two months. Its volume number coincides with its year of publication (2008 = 1; 2009 = 2; 2010 = 3; etc.). Its issue number coincides with the order of publication, within a given year (JanFeb = 1; MarApr = 2; etc). What kind of a publication is this?

A serial

A masters student who works in cardiothoracic ICU reads a 20-year-old nursing research study; the findings document use of much larger per-kilogram amounts of opioids and anxiolytics postoperatively in adults with open-heart surgery, as opposed to children with open-heart surgery. The student strongly suspects that modern hospitals medicate children and adults more or less the same, on a per-kilogram basis. She decides to replicate the original research in her hospital. What type of replication is this?

Approximate replication

What is the acceptable way to properly attribute this content in a literature review?

As compared with other high schools, Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe (2009) reported a higher incidence of distress manifestations, such as nightmares and nervousness, in a strictly college-prep school with an extremely disapproving principal, who verbally berated students for less-than-expected academic performance.

A masters student decides to conduct a pilot study in order to help with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Assess working nurses responses to having a researcher collect data in the middle of their unit.

In terms of the literature review, how are quantitative research and ethnographic research similar?

Both require the researcher to review the literature before beginning the study.

A researcher investigates the fact that women with chronic pain are more apt to be treated for depression than are men with chronic pain. Which qualitative strategy will most likely be used to study this topic?

Critical research

A research study contains the question, Can the application of twice-daily cortisone in the period from 6 to 10 weeks postoperatively produce significantly increased range of motion in 50- to 60-year-old rotator-cuff repair patients at the six-month mark? The study is _____ research

Experimental

Which statements best describes the differences between Heideggerian and Husserlian phenomenology? (Select all that apply.)

Husserl proposed that the researcher could identify and set aside his or her own private attitudes and opinions before data analysis. b. Heidegger postulated that a person interacted with the world only through his or her physical body Heideggerian phenomenologists posit that the person is situated in a specific context and time that shape his or her experiences, paradoxically freeing and constraining the persons ability to establish meanings through language, culture, history, purposes, and values. e. Husserl developed his ideas as a method for understanding and avoiding conflict between psychology and the basic sciences.

A certain qualitative method takes the position that there is no single reality. Because of this, the reality experienced by each participant is unique. Because experience is subjective, the experienced reality is reality. The method does not perform reality checks in order to determine whether a participants story is true or not. What is this qualitative method? (Select all that apply.)

Husserlian phenomenology Heideggerian phenomenology

Considering phenomenologists belief that experience constitutes reality, how does their approach to the literature review dovetail with that belief?

If the literature reports other phenomenologists findings, based on experience, these can be considered alternative data sources.

A research study about holiday celebrations is based on a philosophy or philosophical perspective. In the analysis, the authors state that they reflected upon the data for several weeks, reading and re-reading interviews, in order to capture their meaning. Aside from descriptive statistics addressing the sample, the results are all presented in narrative form. Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply.)

In this method, meaning emerges from the data. d. The data analysis process seems to be inductive. e. The method was shaped by the authors philosophical perspectives.

Why would the Boolean article OR be used if a researcher is conducting a digital literature search of journals on the topic of prolonged adolescent grieving after parental loss?

It allows the researcher to enter the search terms without excluding those whose authors did not keyword all the words of the topic.

What is the major contribution of historical nursing research? (Select all that apply.)

It allows us to explain the world of today through the lens of yesterday. It tells the story of where we have been as a profession.

Which of the following are the characteristics of grounded theory research? (Select all that apply.)

It focuses on experiences and processes, against the backdrop of society. b. It scrutinizes phenomena, past the capabilities of quantitative research. It provides a cohesive description of a phenomenon, fostering understanding. e. It is able to be used effectively in a considerable variety of settings.

Why is the Sunshine Model of ethnonursing more specific to health than other ethnography models?

It focuses on factors that impact health.

What is the purpose of the minimal review of relevant studies that the grounded theory researcher undertakes before writing the research proposal?

It reveals the need for the planned research by identifying what others have done.

Which of the following might be the focus of historical nursing research? (Select all that apply.)

Patterns of nursing staffing in years of shortage prior to 1980 d. A person or persons who have contributed to the profession of nursing e. Social patterns that have fostered or squelched nurses developing autonomy

What are the general truths of symbolic interaction theory, as utilized in grounded theory research? (Select all that apply.)

Perceptions of ones interactions with others shape ones self-view. b. Perceptions of ones interactions with others shape subsequent interactions. Persons within a social structure share symbols that have meaning for them.

In a given research study, the findings reveal that as A increases, B also increases, that the relationship is linear, and that the strength of the relationship is 0.78. What type of relationship is this? (Select all that apply.)

Positive Correlational

Why is replicating a research study essential for knowledge development?

Replication helps confirm that the initial results were not reached in error.

Which of the following are considered evidence-generating? (Select all that apply.)

Replication of previous research b. Identification of research topics, followed by basic research c. Applied research studies that examine clinical response to interventions Qualitative research examining responses to diagnosis

What is applied research? (Select all that apply.)

Research conducted to generate knowledge that will directly and indirectly influence or improve clinical practice Research usually conducted in the setting in which it will be applied Research directly useful in clinical practice

What is exploratory-descriptive qualitative research? (Select all that apply.)

Research that is clearly qualitative but that does not espouse any distinct methodology A non-method

A researcher has conducted 9 clinical studies, some quantitative and others qualitative, all of which focus on depressions relationship to perceived abandonment. Depressions relationship to perceived abandonment is an example of which of the following?

Research topic

In determining a studys feasibility, which of the following statements are true, regarding the time needed for study completion? (Select all that apply.)

Some data collection must be performed over an extended period of time, such as measurements of the depth and extent of scar tissue over 18 months. Sufficient subjects meeting the study criteria may be difficult to access, requiring data collection that extends for months or even years Obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB. approval may be time-consuming, especially if the research uses more than one hospital or agency.

An ethnographic researcher plans to study organizations and how they promote or suppress individual effort. What type of ethnography will the researcher select?

Systematic ethnography

A masters student does not know how to choose a research problem. She has been off work for the past two years. What sources can she use in order to identify a researchable nursing problem? Her work area used to be trauma nursing, but she does not wish to perform research in this area. By using which of the following sources can she identify a nursing research problem? (Select all that apply.)

Talking with nurse friends about questions that have arisen in their work areas b. Talking with other masters students about ideas for study c. Reading professional research journals National Institutes for Nursing Research priorities

The American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) funds various research projects that focus on its research priorities. A masters student wants to initiate research to study the relative accuracy of new computer-assisted assessment device that painlessly measures blood glucose values through a probe just distal to the insertion hub of a central line, in patients on insulin drips with hourly Accu-Chek readings. Does this pertain to any of the organizations research priorities, listed here? (Select all that apply.)

Technology use to achieve patient assessment, management, or outcomes Creation of a healing, humane environment

1. Which of the following would be landmark research?

The first paper on the effect of using insulin for type I diabetes in humans

The director of a major hospital complex conducts a study to discover the types of critical incidents that have occurred in this hospital and its sister hospital over the past five years. She makes a list of every critical incident that has occurred over this period. Choose the true statements about this list. (Select all that apply.)

The list is the dependent variable.

In historical research, what is the reason that the literature review begins so early and extends so far into the process?

The literature essentially comprises the bulk of the data set. From this, plus other artifacts and interviews, if available, the historian writes the story.

A researcher gains support of the medical staff, the nursing staff, and the nurse manager of a cardiothoracic ICU within a prestigious private hospital, aligned with a teaching institution. A research proposal, concerning ambulation patterns after bypass surgery, is approved by the Human Subjects Committee. Federal funding is obtained. Just before data collection is to begin, the hospital is sold to a large university with a medical school, the nurse manager is replaced with a manger from another hospital in the corporation, and there is a 30% staff turnover. Choose the factors that are real concerns and could impact feasibility. (Select all that apply.)

The new manager grudgingly allows the research to proceed but makes it clear that she will not support subsequent research until the unit is more stable. c. Fewer patients come to this hospital now for bypass surgery, going instead to its sister hospital across town. d. Two of the research assistants, who were already trained, take jobs elsewhere

Which of the following is the practicing nurses most important source of researchable problems?

The nurses own clinical practice

What is the relationship among the research problem, the research purpose, and the research question? (Select all that apply.)

The purpose is but one of many purposes that can be generated from one particular problem statement. The research purpose and the research question should address the same facet of the research problem. The problem, purpose, and question are all focused upon a specific gap in the knowledge base.

What is the relationship between a research topic and a research problem?

The purpose is the most general statement; the research topic is the most specific to the research itself.

Which of the following represents a concise, clear statement of the specific goal or aim of a research study?

The purpose of the project, then, was to define changes in the variable of hypertension across time, with the four most prevalent treatment modalities prescribed by primary care physicians in the greater Chicago area.

Children in publicly funded school breakfast programs often have learning delays. These are not readily attributable to single causes. Research on learning delays has revealed that family literacy, measured by parental reading level and comprehension scores, is the most powerful predictor of delay in the primary grades. On the other hand, repeated exposure to eyes-on reading, in the company of a trusted non-parent adult, has been shown to over-ride family literacy as a predictor. No research, however, has studied institution of a reading-and-breakfast program, delivered five days a week before school, intended to over-ride the variable of family literacy. Given this problem statement, which of these purposes would be appropriate for the study? (Select all that apply.)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether providing volunteer readers during school breakfasts for all kindergarten and first-grade children would result in fewer than anticipated learning delays. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a buddy system of one sixth-grader, and one kindergartner or first-grader, who ate breakfast together and then read together for 20 minutes, was effective in decreasing the anticipated number learning delays. The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of using school computers, allowing children to visually scan a story concurrently read by a school teacher over the cafeteria microphone during school breakfast time, in decreasing the incidence and severity of learning delays

A nurse researcher working in a subacute orthopedic hospital floor. She notes that her elders with knee replacements sleep as many as 16 hours a day, waking only for physical therapy and meals, but she also notices that those with many visitors sleep fewer hours and seem to experience more pain. She wonders whether sleep in elders after knee replacement prevents pain, or whether elders select the coping strategy of sleeping more, in response to pain, and begins to attempt to identify the relationship between the two. A literature search reveals only three descriptive studies on this topic, one quantitative and two qualitative. What is the relationship between elders hours of sleep following knee replacement and its relationship with report of pain?

The research problem

Reasons to conduct an exact replication include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

The same site is again used, in order to decrease variation. c. Sample size was adequate, the design was strong, and measurements were robust. d. Validation of the truthfulness of the original subjects responses is desired

The purpose of the research will be, most likely, to document how admirable charitable efforts by The Children of the Land were terminated by the well-meaning Los Angeles Police Force. What is incorrect about this wording? (Select all that apply.)

The terms admirable and well-meaning are both subjective. The purpose must identify the goal of the study, not the most likely goal. The purpose should be stated as was or is but not will be.

What does the grounded in grounded theory mean?

The theory that emerges is grounded in real-world data.

The type of literature that describes concept analyses, models, and frameworks is which of the following?

Theoretical

. A marketing researcher reviews the months sales slips for a convenience store and compares them with restocking orders, in order to determine which products are being stolen from the shelves. This study has little control. Why is this the case? (Select all that apply.)

There is no control for extraneous variables. No variables are manipulated. The design is descriptive or correlational; as compared with other types of research, control is low. The data collected were actually generated by other people and may be erroneous.

How do seasoned nurse researchers, years away from clinical practice, select meaningful research questions? (Select all that apply.)

They continue to conduct research in the same general areas in which they have previously conducted research, with one project leading into the next

A researcher selects a quantitative experimental research design. For what reasons does the researcher select this particular design? (Select all that apply.)

To answer a research question To determine the strength of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable

Which of the following are the general purposes of ethnographic research? (Select all that apply.)

To describe a culture To explore meanings of social actions against a cultural backdrop

Which of the following are the general purposes of phenomenological research? (Select all that apply.)

To describe the lived experience To determine the meaning that an experience has for the individual

What are the focal points of the four schools of thought within ethnography? (Select all that apply.)

To relieve oppression and empower a group to take action on its own behalf b. To investigate cultural structures, focusing on groups and their social patterns To understand values and thinking that collectively result in behaviors and symbols of the individuals within a culture e. To provide a comprehensive holistic description of a culture