research quiz 2

If a friendship with an applicant could interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically referred to as:

A personal conflict of interest.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?

A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency.

Which of following protocols is the one that is most likely to require IRB review?

A study to evaluate a newly designed wheelchair by asking elderly individuals to use it.

Your informed consent form must describe _______.

All foreseeable risks and discomforts.

Which of the following is the general guideline that IACUCs use to evaluate the potential pain of a procedure conducted with animals?

Any procedure that causes pain or distress in human beings may cause pain or distress in other animals.

What are the main elements necessary for ensuring that costs are appropriately charged?

Applying allocable, allowable, consistent, and reasonable costing policies and procedures.

Identify one way faculty researchers can possibly avoid undue influence of student subjects?

Avoid recruiting their own students in the research

A reviewer's main responsibility is to:

Behave professionally.

Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?

Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential.

In the U.S., the first federal regulations for human subjects research began in 1981 with the codification of the ________.

Common Rule

What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management (DLM)?

Confidentiality, availability, and integrity

Which of the following is a responsibility of each author?

Confirming that data have been accurately presented in the paper.

The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:

Control the quality of published papers.

What is the term for when a sponsor requests that the organization contribute financial support to a project?

Cost Sharing

Which of the following is true regarding data acquisition?

Data acquisition should follow a detailed collection plan that is set in advance.

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a study employing human subjects?

Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.

A research collaboration can be enhanced by:

Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming.

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence is applied to a study involving human subjects?

Ensuring that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated benefits

Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection?

Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome.

Which of the following is true regarding research misconduct?

Federal funding agencies typically rely on an institution to make the initial response to an allegation of research misconduct.

The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is:

Financial conflicts of interest

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?

Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?

Good mentoring

Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship?

Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.

Which of the following is the main reason why proper training in euthanasia techniques is important?

Improper techniques can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines?

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section.

Which of the following is true regarding industry-sponsored research?

Industry sponsors of research may seek to place restrictions on the disclosure of research results.

What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions?

It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research.

Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship?

It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author.

Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest?

It occurs when an institution's financial or non-financial interests could interfere with its research activities.

Which of the following most accurately describes allocability?

It refers to how direct expenses are calculated based on the benefit to the project.

Which of the following most accurately describes data lifecycle management (DLM)?

It refers to the tools and processes for handling data during a research study and after it concludes.

A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-line tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the effect on student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her children attend, because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either their personal smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might be determined to be violating which principle of the Belmont Report?

Justice

According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves:

Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.

Paraphrasing another author's paragraph by substituting one or two words in each sentence and then adding one citation to the author at the end of the paragraph:

May constitute plagiarism because the original material has not been sufficiently modified to constitute a proper paraphrase

Which of the following statements about mentoring is true?

Mentors can provide valuable advice to trainees regarding career decisions and contacts with leaders in their field of research.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.

If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?

No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute.

Ethical writing and scholarship is based on an implicit contract between the author and readers, whereby readers assume that what they read is accurate, has been written by the author, and has:

Not been disseminated before unless noted otherwise.

The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that:

Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes how plagiarism has been defined in this module?

Plagiarism applies not only to ideas that are found in print but also those that are communicated verbally.

Which of the following represents plagiarism?

Presenting someone else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own.

What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor?

Provide a "gift authorship" to the mentor on the trainee's first publication.

When authors summarize the work of others, they typically should:

Provide a condensed (shorter) version of the original material.

Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?

Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice

The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:

Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.

The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who:

Takes a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee.

Which of the following is empowered by the U.S. federal government to review and approve research activities involving vertebrate animals?

The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

Which of the following is true regarding the use of animals in research?

The attending veterinarian must be allowed to have access to all research animals at all times.

Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

The author can contact the editor with their concerns.

The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if:

The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so.

Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations?

The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds.

As a first step, what must be done before enrolling a young child in a research protocol?

The risks and benefits must be explained to the child's parents or legally authorized representative.

Which of the following best describes when a protocol may be eligible for expedited review by the IRB?

The study involves no more than minimal risk and meets one of the allowable categories of expedited review specified by the federal government.

Which of the following most accurately describes the main purpose of the Super Circular also known as the Uniform Guidance?

They outline the rules for the financial management of sponsored projects.

What is the primary purpose of the "3Rs" concept from Russell and Burch?

To decrease the use of animals in research and to minimize pain and distress caused by animal experiments.

Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?

To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulations that govern research?

U.S. funded research collaborations are often governed by U.S. regulations no matter where the research takes place.

According to the Belmont Report, the requirement that the benefits and burdens of the research are equitably distributed, expresses the principle of:

justice

Humphreys' collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that he was a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:

respect of persons

Where could student researchers and/or student subjects find additional resources regarding the IRB approval process? Select all that apply.

- Faculty Advisor/Research Mentor - IRB Office

Under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, what is the Institutional Review Board (IRB) charged with? Select all that apply.

- Protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects - Assuring that researchers follow all applicable institutional policies and federal regulations related to research with human subjects. - Reviewing subject recruitment materials and strategies.

Award documentation is typically required to be prepared and submitted within how long after the end of a project period:

90 days

Which statement best describes the role of an IRB:

A committee that reviews different types of human subjects research

If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of:

A conflict of conscience

The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:

A conflict of interest committee

Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form?

A description of the research's potential benefits and risks

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?

A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.