Respiratory System

A nursing student is caring for a client with gastritis. Which of the following would the student recognize as a common cause of gastritis? Choose all that apply. - DASH diet - Overuse of aspirin - Ingestion of strong acids - Irritating foods - Participation in highly competitive sports

- Ingestion of strong acids - Irritating foods - Overuse of aspirin

A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3??') of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings? A) Respiratory alkalosis B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Metabolic acidosis D) Respiratory acidosis

A) Respiratory Alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis results from alveolar hyperventilation. It's marked by a decrease in PaCO2 to less than 35 mm Hg and an increase in blood pH over 7.45. Metabolic acidosis is marked by a decrease in HCO3? to less than 22 mEq/L, and a decrease in blood pH to less than 7.35. In respiratory acidosis, the pH is less than 7.35 and the PaCO2 is greater than 45 mm Hg. In metabolic alkalosis, the HCO3? is greater than 26 mEq/L and the pH is greater than 7.45.

A client with a blood glucose reading of 673 mg/dl (37.4 mmol/l) is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Blood gas results are as follows: serum pH 7.29; HCO3− level 19 mEq/dl (19 mmol/l); PCO2 level 32 mm Hg. The nurse should prepare for which initial treatment orders? A. Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacementB. Instituting a cough-and-deep breathing schedule for everyC. Administration of potassium chlorideD. Administering supplemental oxygen

A. Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacementThe treatment of metabolic acidosis focuses on correcting the condition that is causing the disorder and restoring the fluids and electrolytes that have been lost from the body. For example, insulin administration and fluid replacement are frequently sufficient to correct a low pH in persons with diabetic ketosis. Administration of potassium chloride may be required in DKA, but this is determined by the current potassium level, which is not offered in the scenario. Administering supplemental oxygen is used in the treatment of hypoxemia. Instituting a cough-and-deep breathing schedule for every hour while awake to improve ventilation is usual treatment for clients who may be experiencing atelectasis.

When does the body make the most lactic acid? Select all that apply. During gluconeogenesis During intense exercise During cardiac arrest When metabolizing fats When sleeping

During intense exercise During cardiac arrest

A client with a history of type 1 diabetes is demonstrating fast, deep, labored breathing and has fruity odored breath. What could be the cause of the client's current serious condition? All options are correct. hepatic disorder ketoacidosis hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Ketoacidosis

The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis. Which of these interventions does the nurse anticipate if the client's condition continues to deteriorate?

Mechanical ventilation

The condition of a client with metabolic acidosis from an intestinal fistula is not improving. The pulse is 125 beats/min and the BP 84/56 mm Hg. ABG values are: pH 7.1, HCO3- 18 mEq/L (18 mmol/L), PCO2 57 mm Hg (7.58 kPa). What IV medication should the nurse expect to provide next?

Sodium bicarbonate

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old boy with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with metabolic acidosis. What would the nurse expect to administer if ordered? Erythropoietin Ferrous sulfate Vitamin D Sodium bicarbonate tablets

Sodium bicarbonate tablets

When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis? PaCO 36 O saturation 95% HCO 21 mEq/L pH 7.48

pH 7.48

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis whose breathing rate is 8 breaths/min. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding? pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l) pH: 7.32; PaCO2: 28 mm Hg (3.72kPa); HCO3: 24 mEq/l (24 mmol/l) pH: 7.28; PaCO2: 52 mm Hg (6.92 kPa); HCO3: 32 mEq/l (32 mmol/l) pH: 7.32; PaCO2: 26 mm Hg (3.46 kPa); HCO3: 18 mEq/l (18 mmol/l)

pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l)