Respiratory System

the left lung:

-divided into 2 lobes by oblique fissures -smaller than right -cardiac notch accommodates heart

the right lung:

-divided into 3 lobes by oblique and horizontal fissure -located more superiorly in body due to liver on right side

basic functions of the respiratory system

1) gas exchange 2) gas conditioning 3) produces sounds 4) site for olfactory sensations (smell)

each lung contains about ____ alveoli

300-400 million

the hyaline cartilage that support the trachea are:

C shaped (15-20)

normally only ____ passes through the nasopharynx

air

pharynx is the common pathway for both _____ and _____

air food

larynx conducts:

air into the lower respiratory tract

small saccular out pocketings

alveoli

organization of the respiratory system consists of:

an upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, conducting portion, and respiratory portion

superior region of the lung

apex

where does the laryngo end?

at the superior border of the esophagus and the epiglottis of the larynx

highly branched system of air-conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi

bronchial tree

the apex projects superiorly to a point that is slightly superior and posterior to the _____

clavicle

this portion of the respiratory system transports air

conducting

most of the tubing in the lungs make up the:

conduction zone

each lung had a ____ shape

conical

prevents food and drink from entering airway when swallowing

epiglottis

opening to exterior

external nares

the conducting zone (in order)

external nares, nasal cavity, internal nares, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, glottis, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles

vestibular folds

false vocal cords

laryngo permits passage of ___ and ___

food and air

the superior opening of the larynx

glottis

parts of larynx:

glottis and epiglottis

the primary bronchi enter the ____ of each lung together with _____, ______, and ____

hilus pulmonary vessels lymphatic vessels nerves

the larynx is supported by a framework of ______ that are held in place by ______ and ____

hyaline cartilage ligaments muscles

laryngo extends inferiorly from the ____ bone to the ____ and ___

hyoid larynx esophagus

opening to pharynx

internal nares

inferior, narrowed region of pharynx

laryngopharynx

the vocal folds are not in the ____

laryngopharynx

voice box

larynx

the lungs are separated by the _____

mediastinum

the trachea extends through the ______ and lies anterior to the _____ and inferior to the ______

mediastinum esophagus larynx

its wide, concave base rests upon the ____

muscular diaphragm

folds in mucous membrane that increase air turbulence and ensures that most air contacts the mucous membranes

nasal conchae

most region of the pharynx

naso

the upper respiratory tract is from:

nose to larynx

immediately posterior to oral cavity

oro

the mouth part of the throat

oropharynx

what happens in the lateral walls of the naso-?

paired auditory/Eustachian tubes connect the naso- to the middle ear

throat

pharynx

naso pharynx is located directly _____ to the nasal cavity and superior to the ______

posterior soft palate

what do the cartilage rings do for the trachea?

reinforce and provide rigidity to tracheal wall to ensure that trachea remains open at all times

common ____ and _____ pathway

respiratory digestive

respiratory zone consists of:

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

this portion of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange

respiratory portion

pharynx is a common place used by both _________ and ________

respiratory system digestive system

both lungs are supported by the ____

rib cage

foreign particles are more likely to lodge in the ____ primary bronchus

right

____ primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertically oriented than the ____

right left

describe the larynx

short, somewhat cylindrical airway that ends in trachea

separates the oral cavity

soft palate

the ____ nature of the lungs is due to:

spongy packing of millions of alveoli together

the larynx prevents:

swallowed materials from entering the lower respiratory tract

the relatively broad, rounded surface in contact with the thoracic wall is called:

the costal surface of the lung

both lungs are bordered by:

the thoracic wall anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly

alveoli have a ___ wall specialized to:

thin promote diffusion of gases bt the alveolus and blood in pulmonary capillaries

the right lung has ___ secondary bronchi

three

flexible tube

trachea

the lower respiratory tract is from:

trachea onwards

what is the posterior part of the trachea lined by? why?

trachealis muscle to allow for expansion of the esophagus into the trachea when swallowing

vocal folds aka

true vocal cords

the left lung has ____ secondary bronchi

two

elevates when swallowing

uvula

material from the oral cavity and oro- is blocked from entering the naso- by the _____

uvula

no role in sound production

vestibular folds

act in sound production

vocal folds

trachea is aka

windpipe