Respiratory System
the left lung:
-divided into 2 lobes by oblique fissures -smaller than right -cardiac notch accommodates heart
the right lung:
-divided into 3 lobes by oblique and horizontal fissure -located more superiorly in body due to liver on right side
basic functions of the respiratory system
1) gas exchange 2) gas conditioning 3) produces sounds 4) site for olfactory sensations (smell)
each lung contains about ____ alveoli
300-400 million
the hyaline cartilage that support the trachea are:
C shaped (15-20)
normally only ____ passes through the nasopharynx
air
pharynx is the common pathway for both _____ and _____
air food
larynx conducts:
air into the lower respiratory tract
small saccular out pocketings
alveoli
organization of the respiratory system consists of:
an upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, conducting portion, and respiratory portion
superior region of the lung
apex
where does the laryngo end?
at the superior border of the esophagus and the epiglottis of the larynx
highly branched system of air-conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi
bronchial tree
the apex projects superiorly to a point that is slightly superior and posterior to the _____
clavicle
this portion of the respiratory system transports air
conducting
most of the tubing in the lungs make up the:
conduction zone
each lung had a ____ shape
conical
prevents food and drink from entering airway when swallowing
epiglottis
opening to exterior
external nares
the conducting zone (in order)
external nares, nasal cavity, internal nares, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, glottis, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles
vestibular folds
false vocal cords
laryngo permits passage of ___ and ___
food and air
the superior opening of the larynx
glottis
parts of larynx:
glottis and epiglottis
the primary bronchi enter the ____ of each lung together with _____, ______, and ____
hilus pulmonary vessels lymphatic vessels nerves
the larynx is supported by a framework of ______ that are held in place by ______ and ____
hyaline cartilage ligaments muscles
laryngo extends inferiorly from the ____ bone to the ____ and ___
hyoid larynx esophagus
opening to pharynx
internal nares
inferior, narrowed region of pharynx
laryngopharynx
the vocal folds are not in the ____
laryngopharynx
voice box
larynx
the lungs are separated by the _____
mediastinum
the trachea extends through the ______ and lies anterior to the _____ and inferior to the ______
mediastinum esophagus larynx
its wide, concave base rests upon the ____
muscular diaphragm
folds in mucous membrane that increase air turbulence and ensures that most air contacts the mucous membranes
nasal conchae
most region of the pharynx
naso
the upper respiratory tract is from:
nose to larynx
immediately posterior to oral cavity
oro
the mouth part of the throat
oropharynx
what happens in the lateral walls of the naso-?
paired auditory/Eustachian tubes connect the naso- to the middle ear
throat
pharynx
naso pharynx is located directly _____ to the nasal cavity and superior to the ______
posterior soft palate
what do the cartilage rings do for the trachea?
reinforce and provide rigidity to tracheal wall to ensure that trachea remains open at all times
common ____ and _____ pathway
respiratory digestive
respiratory zone consists of:
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
this portion of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange
respiratory portion
pharynx is a common place used by both _________ and ________
respiratory system digestive system
both lungs are supported by the ____
rib cage
foreign particles are more likely to lodge in the ____ primary bronchus
right
____ primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertically oriented than the ____
right left
describe the larynx
short, somewhat cylindrical airway that ends in trachea
separates the oral cavity
soft palate
the ____ nature of the lungs is due to:
spongy packing of millions of alveoli together
the larynx prevents:
swallowed materials from entering the lower respiratory tract
the relatively broad, rounded surface in contact with the thoracic wall is called:
the costal surface of the lung
both lungs are bordered by:
the thoracic wall anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly
alveoli have a ___ wall specialized to:
thin promote diffusion of gases bt the alveolus and blood in pulmonary capillaries
the right lung has ___ secondary bronchi
three
flexible tube
trachea
the lower respiratory tract is from:
trachea onwards
what is the posterior part of the trachea lined by? why?
trachealis muscle to allow for expansion of the esophagus into the trachea when swallowing
vocal folds aka
true vocal cords
the left lung has ____ secondary bronchi
two
elevates when swallowing
uvula
material from the oral cavity and oro- is blocked from entering the naso- by the _____
uvula
no role in sound production
vestibular folds
act in sound production
vocal folds
trachea is aka
windpipe