Review Questions

Fusion of the amnion and chorion usually occurs by ___ weeks gestation.

16

What is the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium? A. Blastocyst B. Morula C. Zygote D. Ovum

A. Blastocyst

The most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease is: A. Choriocarcinoma B. Hydidaform mole C. Anembryonic D. Hydropic villi

A. Choriocarcinoma

In the first trimester, normal hCG levels will: A. Double every 48 hours B. Triple every 24 hours C. Double every 24 hours D. Double every 12 hours

A. Double every 48 hours

The most common cause of pelvic pain with pregnancy is: A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Heteroectopic pregnancy C. Missed abortion D. Molar pregnancy

A. Ectopic pregnancy

What is the name of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation? A. Graafian follicle B. Corpus luteum C. Morula D. Corpus albicans

A. Graafian follicle

The herniation of the embryological bowel into the base of the umbilical cord at 9 weeks is referred to as: A. Physiologic bowel herniation B. Pseudo-omphalocele C. Omphalocele D. Gastroscisis

A. Physiologic bowel herniation

The placenta performs all of the following functions except: A) Protection B) Absorption C) Nutrition D) Respiration

Absorption

The most common site of fibrin deposition is which one of the following? A) Along the subchorionic area B) Along the retroplacental area C) Within the chorioangioma D) Within the hydatidiform mole

Along the subchorionic area

Which one of the following abnormalities might demonstrate a small placenta? A) Maternal anemia B) Rh sensitivity C) Maternal diabetes D) Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy

Compared with a normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a: A. High hCG B. Low hCG C. Markedly elevated hCG D. High AFP

B. Low hCG

All of the following would be associated with a lower-than-normal human chorionic gonadtotropin level except: A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Molar pregnancy C. Blighted ovum D. Spontaneous abortion

B. Molar pregnancy

What hormone, produced by the corpus luteum, maintains the thickened endometrium? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Human chorionic gonadotropin D. Lutenizing hormone

B. Progesterone

All of the following are associated with an abnormal nuchal translucency except: A. Trisomy 21 B. Trisomy 16 C. Trisomy 18 D. Turner syndrome

B. Trisomy 16

The structure created by the union of sperm and egg: A. Blastocyst B. Zygote C. Morula D. Ampulla

B. Zygote

What maternal side of the placenta is decidua _____.

Basalis

A marginal or an eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta is which one of the following? A) Velamentous Placenta B) Vasa Previa C) Battledore Placenta D) Placenta Accreta

Battledore placenta

The fetal membranes are comprised of all of the following except the: A) Chorion B) Amnion C) Blasocyst D) Yolk Sac

Blastocyst

The normal gestational sac will grow: A. 2 mm per day B. 3 mm per day C. 1 cm per day D. 1 mm per day

C. 1 cm per day

Fertilization typically occurs within _____ after ovulation? A. 40 hours B. 12 hours C. 24 hours D. 56 hours

C. 24 hours

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy except: A. Decidual thickening B. Complex free fluid within the pelvis C. Bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cysts D. Complex adnexal mass separate from the ipsilateral ovary

C. Bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cysts

The first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy is the: A. Amnion B. Yolk sac C. Decidual reaction D. Chorionic cavity

C. Decidual reaction

During a first trimester ultrasound examination, you note a cystic structure within the fetal head. The most likely represents the: A. Prosencephalon B. Mesencephalon C. Rhombencephalon D. Proencephalon

C. Rhombencephalon

A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnant patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, a crescent-shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac contained a 6-week single live intrauterine pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Molar pregnancy C. Subchorionic hemorrhage D. Anembryonic gestation

C. Subchorionic hemorrhage

What structure lies within the extraembryonic coelom? A. Gestational sac B. Embryo C. Yolk sac D. Amnion

C. Yolk sac

A circumscribed complex mass protruding from the fetal surface of the placenta is demonstrated on ultrasound.This appearance most likely represents which one of the following? A) Succenturiate placenta B) Abruptio placenta C) Cirumvallate placenta D) Choriangioma

Chorioangioma

The major functioning unit of the placenta is which of the following? A) Chorionic villi B) Yolk sac C) Amnion D) Cotyledons

Chorionic villi

The attachment of the placental membrane to the fetal surface of the placenta describes which one of the following? A) Circummarginate placenta B) Succenturiate placenta C) Battledore placenta D) Placenta accreta

Circummarginate placenta

All of the following are clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy except: A. Pain B. Vaginal bleeding C. Shoulder pain D. Adnexal ring

D. Adnexal ring

All of the following are contributing factors for an ectopic pregnancy except: A. Pelvic inflammatory disease B. Assisted reproductive technology C. Intrauterine contraceptive device D. Advanced paternal age

D. Advanced paternal age

Another name for the chorionic sac is the: A. Chorionic cavity B. Embryo C. Yolk sac D. Amnion

D. Amnion

The most common site of fertilization is within the:] A. Isthmus of the uterine tube B. Uterine fundus C. Cornu of the uterine tube D. Ampulla of the uterine tube

D. Ampulla of the uterine tube

The most common location of an ectopic pregnancy is the: A. Ovary B. Interstitial portion of the uterine tube C. Cornual portion of the uterine tube D. Ampullary portion of the uterine tube

D. Ampullary portion of the uterine tube

The most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the: A. Uterine leiomyoma B. Dermoid cyst C. Theca lutein cyst D. Corpus luteum cyst

D. Corpus luteum cyst

All of the following may be sonographic findings in the presence of an ectopic pregnancy except: A. Pseudogestational sac B. Corpus luteum cyst C. Adnexal ring D. Double sac sign

D. Double sac sign

The first definitive sonographic sign of an intrauterine pregnancy is the recognition of a/an: A. Yolk sac B. Embryo C. Decidual reaction D. Gestational sac

D. Gestational sac

The trophoblastic cells produce: A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Follicle-stimulating hormone D. Human chorionic gonadotropin

D. Human chorionic gonadotropin

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with a hydidaform mole except: A. Heterogeneous mass within the endometrium B. Bilateral theca lutein cysts C. Hyperemesis gravidarum D. Low hCG

D. Low hCG

Which of the following locations is most likely with metatastic gestational trophoblastic disease? A. Rectum B. Brain C. Spleen D. Lungs

D. Lungs

All of the following are clinical findings consistent with a molar pregnancy except: A. Vaginal bleeding B. Hypertension C. Uterine enlargement D. Small for dates

D. Small for dates

The decidual reaction that changes in the endometrium opposite the site of implantation is which of the following? A) Decidua basalis B) Dedidua capsularis C) Decidua frondosum D) Decidua vera

Decidua vera

The chorionic plate is related to which one of the following? A) Maternal surface of the fetus B) Fetal surface of the placenta C) Allantois of the yolk stalk D) Cotyledons and intervillous spaces

Fetal surface of the placenta

The chorion around the gestational sack on the opposite side of implantation is chorion _____.

Laeve

By nine weeks, the yolk sac should measure ___ (mm) millimeters in diameter.

Less than 5

The function of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is to form which one of the following? A) Produce amniotic fluid B) Maintain the corpus luteum in early pregnancy C) Develop Wharton's Jelly around the cord D) Stimulate the yolk sac development

Maintain the corpus luteum in early pregnancy

Example of a low-pressure bleed is which one of the following? A) Marginal abruption B) Retroplacental abruption C) Decompression of the uterus D) Trauma to the uterus

Marginal abruption

The primary cause of placentomegaly is which one of the following abnormalities? A) Intrauterine Growth Restriction B) Battledore Placenta C) Maternal Diabetes D) Intrauterine Infection

Maternal diabetes

The velamentous placenta refers to a:

Membranous insertion of the cord

Severe blood loss may occur with placenta ____.

Percreta

The growth of the chorionic villi superficially into the myometrium describes which one of the following? A) Succenturiate placenta B) Placenta accreta C) Placental migration D) Placenta increta

Placenta accreta

The presence of one or more accessory lobes connected to the body of the placenta by blood vessels is a _____ placenta.

Succenturiate

Complications of placenta previa include all of the following except: A) Premature delivery B) Maternal hemorrhage C) Postpartum hemorrhage D) Succenturiate Placenta

Succenturiate placenta

Which one of the following statements about a placental abruption is false? A) Bleeding in the decidua basalis occurs with separation. B) Placental abruption may be retroplacental or marginal abruption. C) The bleed may lead to a chorioangioma D) Preterm labor may result

The bleed may lead to a chorioangioma

A marginal placenta previa demonstrates which one of the following? A) The edge of the placenta is near the internal cervical os. B) The placenta is in the right lateral position. C) The placenta touches but does not cross the internal cervical os. D) The placenta partially covers the internal cervical os.

The placenta touches but does not cross the internal cervical Os.

Which one of the following occurs when the intramembranous vessels course across the internal cervical os? A) Placenta previa B) Battledore placenta C) Vasa previa D) Velamentous placenta

Vasa previa

24. A pelvic abscess is will likely appear as which one of the following? a. Complex cul-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy b. Hypoechoic adnexal mass with a separate normal ovary c. Complex ovarian mass with anechoic cul-de-sac fluid d. Hypoechoic cul-de-sac mass

a. Complex cul-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy

15. Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins describe which one of the following conditions? a. Peri-ovarian inflammation b. Tubo-ovarian complex c. Para-ovarian inflammation d. Oophoritis

a. Peri-ovarian inflammation

20. A 24-year-old woman h as a fever, vaginal discharge, and intense pelvic pain Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a complex mu ltiloculated irregular mass in the pouch of Douglas. This clinical presentation mos t likely represents which one of the following? a. Ovarian torsion b. A tuboovarian abscess c. Degenerating pedunculated fibroid d. Endometrioma

b. A tuboovarian abscess

14. Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except: a. Endometritis b. Endometriosis c. Peri-ovarian inflammation d. Salpingitis

b. Endometriosis

7. PID is an inclusive term that refers to all of the following pelvie infections except: a. Oophoritis b. Endometriosis c. Parametritis d. Myometritis

b. Endometriosis

22. Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false? a. It is the most common form of endometriosis. b. Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography. c. Endometriosis leads to the disorganization of pelvic anatomy d. Its appearance is similar to PID.

b. Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography.

18. Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____syndrome a. Stein-Leventhal b. Fritz-Hugh-Curtis c. Turner d. de Quervain

b. Fritz-Hugh-Curtis

19. An asymptomatic 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with a left adnexal mass on transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower physical examination. A history of PID has been reported. Transabdominal and quadrant. This finding most likely represents which one of the following? a. Iliac vessels b. Hydrosalpinx c. Theca-lutein cysts d. Ectopic pregnancy

b. Hydrosalpinx

16. Sexually transmitted PID is spread via which one of the following? a. Bloodstream b. Mucosa c. Serosa d. Fallopian tubes

b. Mucosa

10. Which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments? a. PID b. parametritis c. myometeritis d. peri-ovarian inflammation

b. Parametritis

8. Which one of the following is the most common cause of PID? a. Intrauterine devices b. Sexually transmitted diseases c. Postsurgical complications d. Endometritis

b. Sexually transmitted diseases

2. Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following except: a. Early sexual contact b. Single sexual partner c. Sexually transmitted disease d. Intrauterine contraceptive device

b. Single sexual partner

1. An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called which one of the following conditions? a. Pelvic inflammatory disease b. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) c. Pyosalpinx d. Salpingitis

b. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)

21. A 25-year-old woman complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a hypoechoic well-defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally. This sonographic appearance most likely represents which one of the following? a. A tubo-ovarian abscess b. Para-ovarian cyst c. Endometrioma d . Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst

c. Endometrioma corpus luteum

Early in the disease, the clinical presentation of both PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following? a. Para-ovarian cyst b. Subserosal fibroid c. Functional bowel disease d. Adenomyosis

c. Functional bowel disease

12. The differential considerations of a solid-appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except: a. Endometrioma b. Hemorrhagic cyst c. Hydrosalpinx d. Pedunculated uterine fibroid

c. Hydrosalpinx

23. Inflamm ation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following? a. Periangitis b. Omentitis c. Peritonitis d. Retroperitonitis

c. Peritonitis

13. The differential considerations of PID may include all of the following except: a. Dermoid b. Endometriosis c. Serous cystadenoma d. Ovarian neoplasm

c. Serous cystadenoma

4. Which one of the following statements about the fallopian tube is false? a. The normal lumen is not usually visualized. b. Detection is easier if fluid or pus is in the tube. c. The tube is best seen transabdominally d. Ascites is helpful to outline the tube.

c. The tube is best seen transabdominally

25. Which one of the following statements about interventional pelvic sonography is true? a. Is not a valuable diagnostic tool. b. Lacks a safe biopsy route. c. Decreases patient care. d. Decreases patient cost.

d. Decreases patient cost

11. Clinical symptoms of PID may include which one of the following? a. Fever b. Dull pelvic aching c. No symptoms d. Fever and dull pelvic aching

d. Fever and dull pelvic aching

3. Which one of the following statements about PID is false? a. PID is almost always a bilateral collection of pus and fluid. b. Patients may experience pelvic pain and have a history of infertility. c. PID includes vaginal discharge with bleeding d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy

d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy

17. A complex (tubular) adnexal mass most likely represents which on of the following? a.salpingitis b. Hydrosalpinx c.Oophoritis d. Pyosalpinx

d. Pyosalpinx

5. Which one of the following is an infection in the fallopian tube? a. Parametritis b. Oophoritis c. Pyosalpinx d. Salpingitis

d. Salpingitis

9. Fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary is called which one of the following? a. A tuboovarian abscess b. Pyosalpinx c. Pelvic inflammatory disease d. Tubo-ovarian complex

d. Tubo-ovarian complex