Rhetorical Communication Ch. 12

St. Augustine

(354-430 AD) followed Plato's principles

4 important democratic functions of rhetoric

1) Reaffirming Cultural values 2) Increasing democratic participation 3) Bringing about Justice 4) prompting social change

challenged Plato's insistence on absolute truth and rhetoric

Aristotle

Advantages of Studying Rhetoric

Helps in understanding the range of viewpoints on social issues and helps in understanding culture.

(429-347 BC) Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse" believed in absolute truths

Plato

opposed the "relativist" position of the Sophists

Plato

Rhetorics functions in society

Rhetoric helps people seek justice and helps people clarify their own beliefs and actions

School of Daoism

a mythical philosophy that points out the limitations of speech, interest in boundlessness of mind, artfulness of living wisely and freely

Forensic rhetoric

addresses events that occurred in the past with the goal of setting things right after an injustice occured. it is investigative

Cicero (106-43 BC)

barrowed Aristotle's principles. Master of style

Ethos

credibility, or character of the speaker, Aristotle considered this most important of the three, created by good sense, moral character, and good will.

pathos

emotion, using it to affect audience decision making, fear, for example, can also be more subtle

social movements in the US

independance, abalition, suffrage, civil rights.

Rhetorical Critic

informed consumer of rhetorical discourse who is prepared to analyze rhetorical texts.

Cicero 3 goals of public speaking

instruct, please, win-over

school of Mohism

interested in questions about sources of knowledge, use of names and methods of interference

Confucianism

interested in speech as an ethical issue, the need for proper use of language, for keeping society orderly and moral

School of Ming

interested in the function of language in political settings, focus on private settings

Rhetor

is a person or institution that addresses a large audience

Orator

is a public speaker

rhetorical event

is any event that generates a significant amount of public discourse. -hurricanes, wars, royal weddings

what is rhetoric ?

is communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others. rhetoric is the art of persuasion

public sphere

is the area in which deliberative decision making occurs

Deliberative rhetoric

is used to argue what a society should do in the future

Logos

reasoning or argumentation generally; construction of an argument or presentation of evidence: rational argumentation

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

rhetoric is "the art of discovering all the available means of persuasion in a given situation

Sophists

taught persuasive speaking in the greek city states

persona

the identity one creates through ones publi communication

audience

those who can take appropriate action in response to a message