Rutgers Gen Bio Exam 2
If the ploydy is 2n=22, how many tetrads at metaphase 2?
0, Bitch
How many Divisions in Mitosis?
1
If the ploydy is 2n=22, how many tetrads at metaphase 1?
11
how many divisions in Meiosis?
2
Telophase 1
2 daughter cells are formed, each daughter cell contains only one chromosome of the homologous pair.
If the ploydy is 2n=22, how many chromasomes at metaphase 1?
22
Telophase
After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.
Recessive allele
An allele that is masked
Ligase
An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment
Primase
An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer using the parental DNA strand as a template.
Why does Autosomal Dominant diseases suck?
B/c only one allele is needed to get the disease
Why is DDNT always at the end?
Because Dye is there
G1
Cell Functions/ Growth
G2
Cell prepares for division
Metaphase 2
Centromeres of chromosomes line up randomly at the equator of each cell.
Prophase 1
Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing-over occurs.
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What's 1:1:0:0?
Completely linked
Which Bases are Pyrimidine?
Cytosine and thymine
S phase
DNA is replicated
Transcription sequence
DNA-> MRNA
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
Difference between Mitosis and Binary Fission
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
What did Thomas Morgan work with?
Flies
Interphase
G1, S, and G2 Happens
2 Homologous Chromosomes
Gamates
Segragation
Homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase 1
True Breeding
Homozygous
neither all equal ratio or 1:1:0:0
Incomplete Linkage
Translation Sequence
MRNA-> Polypeptide
What did Griffith work with?
Mice bacteria and shit
What happens if not many Primers in PCR?
No Annealing
What happens if temp change in PCR?
No Elongation
mutation to histones leads to what
No condensation, no prophase
What happens if no TAQ in PCR?
No extension
what if no Primase?
No gosh darn replication
Metaphase 1
Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell (tetrads)
Dominant allele
Phenotype showing
What doesn't change during S phase
Ploydy
Mandel's Hypothesis - the eff he find?
Segregation and independent assortment
Anaphase 2
Sister chromatids separate
Binary Fission
Starts at origin, gets longer and longer, splits in half
What's affected when membranes can't reform
Telophase
Prophase 2
The duplicated chromosomes and spindle fibers reappear in each new cell.
Sequence of Gene Expression
Transcription and Translation
What did Hershey and Chase Find?
Using Sulfur and Phosphorous, they found that DNA passes on heredity, not protiens
Which bases are Purine?
adenine and guanine
Prophase
chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.
Mutation of Release
doesn't let go
Monohybrid
genetic crosses that involve one trait
Anaphase 1
homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
Transcription
initiation, elongation, termination, add cap tail
If the ploydy is 2n=22, how many chromasomes at metaphase 2?
n=11
Mutation of Ribosyme
no peptide bond
Translation
translation initiation, TRNA at A site finds peptide bond, adds polypeptide, releases at stop codon
All equal ratio
unlinked
Genetic Imprinting
when one gene is expressed
