Science Bowl Cornucopia!!!!, Science Bowl sample questions, Science Bowl Practice: Round 2
Y) SEVEN-TENTHS
Approximately what fraction of Earth's surface is covered by oceans: W) one-half X) two-thirds Y) seven-tenths Z) four-fifths
OLYMPUS MONS
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The largest volcano on Mars is about 15 miles above the surrounding planes. What is the name of this volcano?
540,000
Round the number 535,279 to the nearest ten-thousand
Calculate the following indefinite integral: I = ∫(x +1)2 dx
(x + 1)^3/3 + C
What is the net force when the forces are balanced?
0 N
Math: Giving your answer as a decimal number, what does 10 to the minus three power equal?
0.001
If a wave has a frequency of 500 hertz, what is its period, in seconds?
0.002 (ACCEPT: 2 × 10^-3) (Solution: period = 1/f )
Giving your answer in decimal form, what would the "Z" value be if a distant celestial object were shifted towards longer wavelengths by 40% of the original wavelength?
0.4
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Rounded to the nearest whole number, how many feet does light travel in one-billionth of one second?
1
Rules for static friction
1. Fs calculates the maximum value 2. Actual is equal to the force applies until the maximum is exceeded 3. Above the maximum, the object will move with kinetic friction
To the first decimal place, how many astronomical units is the average radius of the Earth's orbit around the Sun?
1.0
In astronomical units to the first decimal place, what is the Chandrasekhar Limit?
1.4
Gravity on the moon
1.6 m/s^2
How many coulomb are in one electron?
1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹
Hertz
1/s
What is the standard distance a star would need to be placed for it to appear as bright as its absolute magnitude?
10 PARSECS (ACCEPT: 26 LIGHT YEARS)
A 20 kg cart going at 16 m/s heads toward a 12 kg cart at rest and stick together. What is their velocity after the collision?
10 m/s
C
10. A good light microscope has a resolving power of about: A. 0.5 millimeters B. 0 .5 nanometers C. 0.5 microns D. 5 nanometers
According to the Pogson scale for brightness, by what multiple does the brightness of 2 stars differ that have apparent magnitudes of +3 and +8?
100
Perfect elastic
100% kinetic energy conserved
ANSWER: POLYUNSATURATED
100. What is the term given to a fatty acid that has more than one set of double bonds between carbons
B
101. The process by which an amino acid loses its amino group is called: A. hydration B. deamination C. oxidoamination D. dehydration
ANSWER: (CAROLUS) LINNAEUS
105. Who is considered the father of Taxonomy?
D
109. Which of the following is not found in blood? A. fibrinogen B. glucose C. urea D. glycogen
D
11. In which of the following areas of the human body is the olecranon process found: A. hip B. wrist C. shoulder D. elbow
ANSWER: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
113. What molecule is the energy source for virtually all of the work done by the cell?
If a supernova with an apparent magnitude of -2.0 was observed for the first time in the year 2,000 at 35.00 kiloparsecs from Earth, how many years before observation, rounded to the nearest whole number, did the supernova most likely occur?
114 (Solution: 3.26 × 35.00 = 114.1)
Math: How many faces does a dodecagon have?
12
C
12. Darwin's finches are an example of evolution of a species by the: A. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium B. genetic drift C. founder effect D. macroevolution
Rounded to the first decimal place, how many synodic months are in an accurate calendar year if a tropical year is 365.2 days?
12.4 (Solution: 365.2/29.5 = 12.4)
Through how many degrees does the Earth rotate in 8 hours?
120 (Solution: 15º per hour = 8 × 15º = 120º)
MATH Short Answer What is the area, in square feet, of a triangle whose perpendicular height is 20 feet with a base of 12 feet?
120 (Solution: A = ½ bh = ½ (12)(20) = 120 ft^2)
A
13. Plant tissues are generally divided into four main types: A. dermal, vascular, ground, meristematic B. connective, vascular, ground, meristematic C. vascular, ground, meristematic, mesenchymal D. vascular, ground, meristematic, mesodermal
C
14. Commensalism is when: A. both species benefit B. neither species affects the other C. one species benefits while the other is unaffected D. both species are harmed
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Find the mass of 1 mole of cuprous oxide, or Cu2O. Assume the atomic mass of copper is 64 and oxygen is 16.
144
Math: What is the average of the positive whole numbers of 1 through 29?
15
D
15. Which of the following responses do auxins NOT typically produce in plants: A. cell elongation B. fruit maturation C. xylem differentiation D. pollen tube growth
Math: Giving your answer to the third decimal place, subtract the following numbers: 18-2.049
15.951
A
16. Which of the following is NOT true about toxic shock syndrome: A. it is not known to occur in males B. it is caused by a bacteria C. up to 15% of healthy women harbor the causative germ in their vaginal flora D. it is associated with infrequent changes of super absorbent tampons
C
17. What is water loss through the stomata of a plant called: A. condensation B. liquidation C. transpiration D. exchange
C
18. Spallanzani, Pasteur, and Reti were: A. Italian scientists B. scientists involved with dispelling the theory of continuous generations C. scientists involved with dispelling the theories of spontaneous generation D. scientists who all began working as lens grinders
B
19. Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's Postulates: A. the specific causative agent must be found in every case of the disease B. the disease organism can be isolated in impure culture C. inoculation of a sample of the culture into a healthy susceptible animal must produce the same disease D. diseased organisms must be recovered from the body of the inoculated animal
In what year did astronauts first land on the Moon?
1969
If a new Moon occurs on May 5th at 8:20 AM eastern daylight time, on what day will the full Moon occur that month?
19th
BIOLOGY Short Answer How many embryonic seed leaves does a bean seedling have?
2
How many Viking spacecraft have landed on Mars?
2
Compression
2 forces push on an object in opposite directions (squishing)
Friction (charging method)
2 insulators are rubbed together and electrons are transferred
C
2. Four chromatids would be considered a: A. mutation B. non-disjunction C. tetrad D. synapses
Math: Evaluate the following expression- |20-30| + |30-20|
20
Compute the estimated temperature, in Kelvin, of a stellar body's surface that emits light with a spectrum that peaks at 145 nanometers:
20,000 (Solution: Wein's Law T = 2.9 × 10^-3 m.k/λ 2.9 × 10^-3 m.k / 145 × 10^-9m = .02×10^6=20,000K)
D
20. Which of the following is most accurate about the pasteurization of milk: A. it makes milk taste better B. it kills all bacteria C. it lowers the milk's pH D. it reduces the population of bacteria
Answer: Genus
21. What does the first word designate in the binomial nomenclature system?
Answer: Fungi
22. What kingdom of organisms does a professional Mycologist study?
At the Sun's distance of 8 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center, how many years would it take for material here to complete one rotational circuit?
225 MILLION
Math: Name all the prime numbers greater than 20 and less than 30.
23 and 29
Answer: Transmission Electron Microscopy
23. What kind of microscopy does the following describe: Samples are treated with an electron-dense material and then cut into thin layers. While inside the microscope's column, electrons that are passed through the sample and differentially scattered to show a silhouetted image on a phosphorescent screen:
Answer: Ectoderm
24. Which germ layer in mammals is predominantly responsible for forming the nervous system?
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Subtract the following 2 numbers and give your answer with the proper significant figures: 25.101 - 0.9608
24.140
Answer: Homeostasis
25. What is the most common physiological term used to denote how the body maintains a stable internal environment in the face of a constantly changing external environment?
Answer: inside of cells
26. Where is intracellular fluid normally found?
Answer: Gram Positive And Gram Negative
27. In 1884, the Danish microbiologist Hans Christian Gram invented the gram stain, which delineates the difference between what two general types of bacteria?
Answer: Antibodies
28. What are the main products of plasma cells called?
Answer: Medial
29. This anatomical term means "nearer the midsagittal plane":
Math: Giving your answer as a decimal to two places, divide the following- 327/11
29.73
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many significant figures are in the number 0.00750?
3
How many arc-seconds wide, rounded to the nearest whole number, would Galileo have been able to resolve with his telescope, if one assumes that its 1.7 inch diameter lens was free of optical aberrations?
3 (Solution: For radiation to which our eyes are most sensitive, then = 0.25 (0.55 μm)/0.04318 m; = 3.2)
D
3. Which of the following is NOT in the class insecta: A. bees B. moths C. fireflies D. spiders
Answer: Taste
30. The gustatory system has to do mostly with what human sense?
The doldrums are to 0° latitude, as the horse latitudes are to what?
30° (ACCEPT: 30° NORTH OR SOUTH LATITUDE)
Answer: Sympathetic System
31. When the body is in a time of stress, which of the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system is primarily directing the response?
Answer: 12
32. How many different cranial nerves are there in the human body?
Answer: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, And Carpels
33. For a flower to be complete, it must possess what four types of floral appendages?
Answer: Scolex
34. Biologists usually refer to the head of a tapeworm by what name?
Answer: Coccus
35. What morphological scientific name is given to a spherically shaped bacterium?
Answer: Corpus Luteum
36. What is the name of a graffian follicle after it releases an egg, turns into a yellow body, and begins to secrete progesterone?
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer In degrees Celsius to the nearest whole number, what is the normal core body temperature of a human being?
37
Answer: Neutrophil
37. Which white blood cell is typically known as the body's first line of defense:
Answer: Rhizomes
38. What is the botanical name for the horizontal stems that allow a plant to spread underground?
Answer: Pea
39. Mendel did most of his original experimentation using this type of plant:
MATH Short Answer Divide the following and give your answer in scientific notation: (8x10^7)/(4x10^4)^1/2
4 × 105
C
4. Plant cells differ from animal cells in that only plant cells possess: A. a nucleus B. mitochondria C. a cell wall D. lysosomes
Answer: Esophagus, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
40. Order the following from the part of the digestive tract nearest to the beginning to the part nearest to the end: jejunum, ileum, esophagus, duodenum
C
42. Which of the following is NOT a nematode: A. pinworm B. hookworm C. tapeworm D. ascaris
For someone standing at 43° north latitude, how many degrees above the horizon will the north celestial pole be?
43
B
43. Assuming a male mammal has an x-linked recessive gene which exhibits a certain characteristic phenotypic trait, which of the following is NOT true: A. all of his daughters will be carriers B. all of his sons will exhibit the trait C. there is a 50% chance his daughters will pass the recessive allele to their sons D. none of his sons will pass the recessive allele
A
44. Which of the following is MOST accurate for eukaryotic cells: A. introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA B. introns are spliced out of pre-DNA C. exons are spliced out of pre-mRNA D. exons are spliced out of pre-DNA
How many sidereal minutes are in 7.5 sidereal hours?
450
C
46. Plants gather wavelengths of light NOT absorbed by the main chlorophyll a and b through: A. photosystem I B. photosystem II C. accessory pigments D. carotenoids
D
47. Which of the following is not caused by a virus: A. mumps B. yellow fever C. small pox D. leprosy
Answer: Monera
48. In the classification of organisms, four of the 5 Kingdoms are Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. What is the fifth?
Answer: Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
49. Order the following from the largest taxonomic group to the smallest group: order, genus, kingdom, class, family, species
If a planet had an orbital period of 11.2 years, what is the length of its orbital semi-major axis, in astronomical units rounded to the nearest whole number?
5 (Solution: d^3 = p^2; d^3 = (11.2)^2; d^3 = 125.4; d = 5)
MATH Short Answer Giving your answer in inches and in simplest radical form, if the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90º triangle is 10 inches, find the length of the other sides:
5 times the square root of 2
C
5. Which of the following has the lowest blood pressure: A. aorta B. carotid artery C. femoral artery D. posterior vena cava
Answer: Apoptosis
50. The biological term for programmed cell death is:
Assuming that the Hubble constant = 40 km/sec/megaparsec, how far away, in megaparsecs, is a galaxy whose red shift is 20,000 km/sec?
500 MEGAPARSECS (Solution: d = v/H0; = 20,000/40 = 500)
What is the magnification of a telescope with an objective lens that has a focal length of 250 centimeters and an eyepiece with a focal length of 0.50 centimeters?
500X (ACCEPT: 500 or 500 TIMES) (Solution: M = Fo ÷ Fe = 250/0.50 = 500)
B
51. Which of the following fins is NOT found on fish: A. pectoral B. lateral C. dorsal D. pelvic
A
52. In mammals, the embryos have a physiological connection to the mothers body during development. This is an example of:
Math: Giving your answer to the second decimal place, add the following three numbers: 47+4.7+0.47
52.17
How many degrees above the horizon will the north celestial pole be for someone standing at latitude 53° North?
53
B
53. The following pathway, CO2 + H2O + energy yields (CH2O)n + O2, represents which of the following: A. cellular respiration B. photosynthesis C. an irreversible reaction D. glycolysis
C
54. George Gamow made a contribution to biology by correctly interpreting the: A. X-ray crystallographic structure of DNA B. existence of reverse transcriptase C. minimum number of letters in the code for amino acids D. existence of oncogenes
D
55. Which of the following accounts for the largest decline in death rate in the USA between the years 1900 and 1990: A. accidents B. cancer C. cardiovascular disease D. infectious disease
C
56. Physicians give patients immuno-suppressing drugs after an organ transplant to prevent: A. infection B. a graft verses host response C. rejection of the transplant D. viral infections
C
57. Which of the following does NOT directly function in the cytoskeleton: A. microtubules B. microfilaments C. spectrin D. actin
C
58. Stems grow longer by creating new cells at their tips, in a region known as the: A. terminal division section B. terminal mitotic C. shoot apical meristem D. apical terminus
D
59. In a typical cell, cytokinesis overlaps with: A. S phase B. metaphase C. anaphase D. telophase
Math: Round the number 590,695 to the nearest hundred.
590,700
C
6. Barbara McClintock is famous for discovering which of the following: A. the structure of DNA with Watson and Crick B. introns C. jumping genes D. exons
How many guanta are in one coulomb?
6.24 x 10¹⁸
Universal Gravitational Constant
6.67 x 10⁻¹¹
A
60. Francesco Redi is known for an experiment that refuted which of the following theories: A. the theory of spontaneous generation B. phlogiston theory C. the theory of bad humors D. the theory that disease was caused by astrological events
C
63. Growth and development are synonymous, respectively, with which of the following: A. division and multiplication B. multiplication and division C. multiplication and differentiation D. zygote and embryo
B
66. Transfer RNA with an amino acid attached to it is called: A. a charged tRNA B. an amino acyl tRNA C. a tRNA with an amino acid attached D. t-primed RNA
A
67. Which of the following is true about a brain cell from a 'normal' individual human: A. some DNA sequences are present in multiple copies B. most of the DNA codes for protein C. most genes are transcribed D. most genes are arranged in operon-like clusters
A
68. An example of negative feedback control is when: A. the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier reaction B. the initial enzyme of a metabolic pathway inhibits a later reaction C. the end product of a metabolic pathway stimulates an earlier reaction D. the initial product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the next reaction
B
69. Which of the following is the term for when a segment of a chromosome rotates 180 degrees and rejoins the same chromosome: A. deletion B. inversion C. translocation D. duplication
D
7. Which of the following is NOT true of the Calvin-Benson Cycle: A. it is also sometimes called the dark reactions of photosynthesis B. it is also sometimes called the light independent reactions of photosynthesis C. it converts energy trapped in the light reactions into sugar D. it does not require stores of potential energy
B
70. A newborn baby's immunity, which is acquired from the mother, is often referred to as: A. active immunity B. passive immunity C. bistander immunity D. physical immunity
Math: Find the sum of all interior angles, in degrees, of a regular hexagon.
720 (degrees)
Answer: Dopamine
73. Parkinson's disease is caused by a lack of this neurotransmitter in the brain:
Answer: Babinski
74. What reflex causes the extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked?
Answer: indole acetic acid
75. In plants, this naturally occurring auxin has the abbreviation IAA:
Answer: The Tick
76. What is the vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Answer: Stigma, Style, And Ovary
77. What three main parts make up the carpel of a plant?
Answer: Swimbladder
78. What accessory organ allows bony fish to remain at a certain depth in the water without swimming?
Answer: Head, Thorax, And Abdomen
79. In many arthropods, the segments of the body are grouped into 3 distinct parts. Name all three parts:
Physical Science: How many electrons are in the outer shell of a noble gas with an atomic mass greater than 3?
8
B
8. Proteins made up of two or more polypeptide chains are said to possess: A. a resistance to denaturation B. a quaternary structure C. a tertiary structure D. an enzymatic refractory period
Answer: Tympanic Membrane
80. Vibration of this membrane moves 3 small bones that span the cavity of the middle ear:
ANSWER: ILLIUM, ISCHIUM, and PUBIS
83. The human pelvic girdle is composed of 3 fused bones on each side for a total of 6 bones. Name the 3 fused bones.
A
87. What French scientist is considered the father of paleontology? Was it: A. George Cuvier B. Marquis de Condorcet C. Jacque Tonnies D. Auguste Compte
C
88. What Roman physician's studies of human anatomy based on lower animals served as the only text on the subject for nearly 10 centuries? Was it: A. Cartrum B. Polonius C. Galen D. Monterius
A
89. What percentage of the atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide? Is it approximately: A. .03% (read: three-hundredths of a percent) B. 1% C. 5% D. 7%
Tripling the distance to a star will typically reduce its apparent brightness by about how many times?
9
What is the declination of the north celestial pole?
90 (ACCEPT: +90)
How many degrees of arc are in 6 hours of right ascension?
90 DEGREES
ANSWER: PHENOTYPE
92. In biology, what is the word used to describe the appearance of an individual without regard to its hereditary constitution?
C
93. The chromosomes responsible for characteristics other than sex are known by which of the following terms? A. ribosomes B. lysosomes C. autosomes D. spermatocytes
ANSWER: CHROMOSOMAL DELETION
94. What genetic term describes the situation when a part of a chromosome is broken off and lost?
TUBER
A potato is a swollen underground stem that stores food for the plant. What is the scientific term for the swollen area?
The total amount of energy of a star's surface radiated into space each second is most commonly referred to as what?
ABSOLUTE LUMINOSITY (ACCEPT: LUMINOSITY, INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS, OR ABSOLUTE BRIGHTNESS)
Name all of the following 4 factors that are reasons why biomes are not considered homogeneous biotic communities: local topography; soil characteristics; temperature; water
ALL
The land counterpart of a delta, what is the term for a fanshaped assemblage of sediments built where a stream moves from a steep gradient to a flatter gradient and suddenly loses transporting power?
ALLUVIAL FAN
PHYSICS Short Answer What property of a sound wave is most commonly associated with loudness?
AMPLITUDE
Name all of the following 3 lavas from which stratovolcanoes are typically composed: andesite; rhyolite; basalt
ANDESITE; RHYOLITE
Of the 3 basic types of magma on Earth, which one generally has a chemical composition intermediate in iron, magnesium, and calcium?
ANDESITIC (ACCEPT: ANDESITE) (Solution: 3 basic types: basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic)
What is the proper name for the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way?
ANDROMEDA
Short Answer What do we call the transfer of a property of the atmosphere, such as heat, cold, or humidity, by the horizontal movement of an air mass?
ANSWER ADVECTION
Short Answer In the atmosphere, what ion is formed by the oxidation of sulfur oxides?
ANSWER SULFATE (ACCEPT: SO42-)
Multiple Choice Which of the following will NOT result from variations in the Moon's orbital plane with respect to the Earth? W) The Moon will continue to cause solar eclipses X) The Moon will pass over the Earth's North Pole Y) There will continue to be lunar eclipses Z) The apparent path of the Moon in the sky will vary
ANSWER X) THE MOON WILL PASS OVER THE EARTH'S NORTH POLE
Short Answer By name or number, identify all of the following four formations that were caused by subduction: 1) Cascade Mountains, 2) North American craton, 3) Hawaiian Islands, 4) folded Himalayan mountains?
ANSWER: CASCADE MOUNTAINS (ACCEPT: 1)
Short Answer By name or number, put the following four choices in chronological order from earliest to most recent: 1) occurrence of humans, 2) existence of Pangaea, 3) formation of the Great Lakes, 4) extinction of the dinosaurs.
ANSWER: EXISTENCE OF PANGAEA, EXTINCTION OF DINOSAURS, OCCURRENCE OF HUMANS, FORMATION OF THE GREAT LAKES (ACCEPT: 2, 4, 1, 3)
Short Answer By name or number, identify all of the following four life forms that are NOT a part of the Paleozoic rock record: 1) arthropods, 2) brachiopods (read as: BRA-kee-oh-pods), 3) cephalopods (read as: SEH-fah-loh-pods), 4) sauropods.
ANSWER: SAUROPODS (ACCEPT: 4)
Short Answer On Mars, how do the ages of the higher elevation and heavily cratered southern highlands compare to the ages of the lower elevation and flat northern lowlands?
ANSWER: SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS ARE OLDER (ACCEPT: NORTHERN LOWLANDS ARE YOUNGER)
Short Answer Excluding dwarf galaxies, what is the most distant galaxy in the local group?
ANSWER: TRIANGULUM GALAXY (ACCEPT: M33, NGC 598)
Short Answer What geologic features of Io are responsible for loading Jupiter's atmosphere with heavy ionized particles?
ANSWER: VOLCANOES
Multiple Choice Which of the following most accurately describes the dominant air mass over Nebraska in January? W) Cold, dry, continental X) Cold, humid, maritime Y) Warm, dry, continental Z) Cold, humid, aquatic
ANSWER: W) COLD, DRY, CONTINENTAL
Multiple Choice According to data from the Voyager I and II spacecrafts, at what range, in astronomical units, is the heliopause from the Sun? W) 0 to 100 X) 100 to 200 Y) 200 to 300 Z) 300 to 400
ANSWER: X) 100 to 200
Multiple Choice Which of the following characteristics changes most significantly in local water bodies when rock salt is sprayed on icy winter roads? W) Water temperature X) Freezing temperature Y) pH Z) Phosphate concentration
ANSWER: X) FREEZING TEMPERATURE
Multiple Choice If Omega is exactly one, which of the following is TRUE about the universe? W) It will expand forever at an accelerating rate X) It will expand forever, but the speed of its expansion will slowly approach zero Y) It will eventually collapse upon itself Z) It will eventually be destroyed by a black hole
ANSWER: X) IT WILL EXPAND FOREVER, BUT THE SPEED OF ITS EXPANSION WILL SLOWLY APPROACH ZERO
Multiple Choice Why are there so many more land fossils than marine fossils in early Mesozoic rocks? W) Less continental mass existed then X) Shorelines were inundated with terrigenous sediment from mountains Y) Shallow seas were abundant Z) More continental mass existed then
ANSWER: X) SHORELINES WERE INUNDATED WITH TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENT FROM MOUNTAINS
Multiple Choice Sinkholes, disappearing streams, and caves are found in which of the following types of regions? W) Marshes X) Glaciated alpine Y) Outwash plains Z) Karst topography
ANSWER: Z) KARST TOPOGRAPHY
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in NaNO2:
ANSWER: +3 (Accept 3)
MATH Short Answer: Reduce the following fraction to a proper fraction in lowest terms: 125/1000
ANSWER: 1/8
How many hydrogen atoms are there in the organic compound 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane (read: tetra - bromo - ethane)?
ANSWER: 2
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer: How many limbs are tetrapods typically considered to have?
ANSWER: 4
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer: What is the year of a person's death who was born in the year 580 BC and lived 63 years?
ANSWER: 517 BC
MATH Short Answer: What is the measure, in degrees, of each angle in an equilateral triangle?
ANSWER: 60
Which of the following is NOT a means of preparing carbon dioxide? A. burning coke in the absence of air B. combustion of methane C. heating certain normal carbonates D. action of acids on carbonates
ANSWER: A -- BURNING COKE IN THE ABSENCE OF AIR
Which of the following phrases is NOT appropriate for a description of benzene? A. characteristic reactivity of an alkene B. volatile liquid C. aromatic hydrocarbon D. resonance hybridization
ANSWER: A -- CHARACTERISTIC REACTIVITY OF AN ALKENE
Which of the following pairs do NOT show similar chemical properties? A. fluorine-argon B. beryllium-aluminum C. boron-silicon D. lithium-magnesium
ANSWER: A -- FLUORINE-ARGON
Which of the following is NOT a general property of hydroxide bases in aqueous solution? A. High solubility B. Bitter taste C.Ability to neutralize aqueous acid solutions D. Ability to change phenolphthalein from colorless to red
ANSWER: A -- HIGH SOLUBILITY (The hydroxides of the alkali metals are soluble in water but all the other metal hydroxides are only moderately or sparingly soluble.)
Short Answer Lightning is most likely to occur at what time of day: morning, afternoon, evening, or night?
ANSWER: AFTERNOON
What class of organic compounds is characterized by an -OH group bonded to an alkyl group?
ANSWER: ALCOHOL
What is the family name given to the elements in group 1A of the periodic table?
ANSWER: ALKALI METALS
Metallic elements are often obtained from ores. Name the metallic element which is produced from the ore Bauxite.
ANSWER: ALUMINUM
Which of the following contain sp2 hybridized carbon atoms? A. alkanes B. alkenes C. alkynes D. cycloalkanes
ANSWER: B - ALKENES
Forces in ionic crystalline solids are primarily which of the following? A. covalent B. electrostatic C. Van der Waals D.magnetic
ANSWER: B - ELECTROSTATIC
Which of the following is NOT an aromatic hydrocarbon? A. naphthalene B. hexane C. styrene D. xylene
ANSWER: B - HEXANE
Which of the following terms refers to a material which slows neutrons? A. retarder B. moderator C. buffer D. bottleneck
ANSWER: B - MODERATOR
Which of the following concentration expressions is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent: A. molarity B. molality C. normality D. equivalents
ANSWER: B - MOLALITY
For which of the following classes of salts are all of its compounds soluble in water? A. sulfates B. nitrates C. hydroxides D. chlorides
ANSWER: B - NITRATES
When an aldehyde is heated with Fehling's solution, the aldehyde undergoes one of the following processes. Does it undergo: A. neutralizationB. oxidation C. reduction D. esterification
ANSWER: B - OXIDATION
One of the following is NOT a lipid. Is it: A. fats and oils B. starches C. steroids D. waxes
ANSWER: B - STARCHES
How many electrons can occupy an s orbital? A. one B. two C. three D. four
ANSWER: B - TWO
Name the element discovered upon its extraction from pitchblende? A. platinum B. uranium C. iridium D. plutonium
ANSWER: B - URANIUM
A Poise is the unit of measure of which of the following? A. pressure B. viscosity C. force D. mass
ANSWER: B - VISCOSITY
Aqua regia is: A. concentrated nitric acid B. a mixture of three parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part concentrated nitric acid C. concentrated hydrochloric acid D. a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid
ANSWER: B -- A MIXTURE OF THREE PARTS OF CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND ONE PART CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID
Normality is defined as the number of: A. moles of solute per 1000 grams of solvent B. equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution C. kilograms of solute per liter of solution D. moles of solute per 1000 grams of solution
ANSWER: B -- EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS OF SOLUTE PER LITER OF SOLUTION
In which of the following compounds is the bonding most covalent? A. NaCl B. F2 C. MgS D. Fe3C
ANSWER: B -- F2
The noble gases have low boiling points because: A. their ionization potentials are very low B. only weak Van der Waals forces hold the atoms together C. they are produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air D. they have eight electrons in the outer shell
ANSWER: B -- ONLY WEAK VAN DER WAALS FORCES HOLD THE ATOMS TOGETHER
Which of the following refers to the scattering of light by colloidal particles? A. Rutherford effect B. Tyndall effect (pron: tin-dahl) C. Thompson effect D. none of these
ANSWER: B -- TYNDALL EFFECT
Of the following types of material, which is the one that is heterogeneous? Is it: A. quartz B. feldspar C. granite D. mica
ANSWER: C - GRANITE
Which one of the following atoms has two unpaired electrons in its ground state: A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Oxygen D. Aluminum
ANSWER: C - OXYGEN
Of the following, which has units of "Pascal". A. force B. volume C. pressure D. viscosity
ANSWER: C - PRESSURE
The hydrolysis of a fat using a solution of a strong hydroxide is called: A. neutralization B. esterification C. saponification D. condensation
ANSWER: C - SAPONIFICATION
Which one of the following is NOT a vitamin? A. ascorbic acid B. niacin (pron: nI-eh-sen) C. trypsin (pron: trip-sen) D. riboflavin (pron: rye-bow-fla-vin)
ANSWER: C - TRYPSIN
Alpha rays are different from beta rays in one of the following ways. Are they different since: A. alpha rays are deflected in a magnetic field and beta rays are not B. alpha rays are identical to the electron in mass, and beta rays are not C. alpha rays have a positive charge and beta rays have a negative charge D. alpha rays are produced within the nucleus and beta rays are produced outside the nucleus
ANSWER: C -- ALPHA RAYS HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE AND BETA RAYS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE
Name the person who developed a table of elements which revealed regularities in elemental properties in 1869? A. Theodore Richards B. Antoine Lavoisier C. Dmitri Mendeleev D. Svante Arrhenius
ANSWER: C -- DMITRI MENDELEEV
As one goes across a period in the periodic table, the ionization energy generally increases for one of the following reasons. Is it because of the increasing A. atomic radius B. melting point C. nuclear charge D. density
ANSWER: C -- NUCLEAR CHARGE
Which of the following is a necessary characteristic for electrons that share an s orbital? A. coplanar spins B. parallel spins C. opposite spins D. none of these
ANSWER: C -- OPPOSITE SPINS
In the common dry cell, the zinc atoms are: A. reduced at the cathode B. oxidized at the cathode C. oxidized at the anode D. reduced at the anode
ANSWER: C -- OXIDIZED AT THE ANODE
The bond in hydrogen chloride is which of the following types? Is it A. ionic B. nonpolar covalent C. polar covalent D. covalent network
ANSWER: C -- POLAR COVALENT
Give the empirical formula for the organic compound naphthalene?
ANSWER: C10H8
The element I am thinking about has several interesting characteristics. It occupies the same column in the periodic table as lead. Resistors which are commonly found in electronic circuits are often made out of this element. In addition, in one of its forms, this element is one of the hardest substances on earth. What element am I thinking about?
ANSWER: CARBON
Ketones are organic compounds. Name the functional group that all ketone molecules contain.
ANSWER: CARBONYL GROUP pr C DOUBLE BOND O
Which of the following choices are considered to be polymers of amino acids? Are they: A. nucleotides B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. proteins
ANSWER: D - PROTEINS
Which of the following scientists hypothesized that it would be possible for particles to have wave-like properties ? Was it: A. Planck B. Heisenberg C. Einstein D. de Broglie
ANSWER: D -- DE BROGLIE
Allotropic modifications of phosphorus include each of the following EXCEPT: A. red phosphorus B. black phosphorus C. white phosphorus D. green phosphorus
ANSWER: D -- GREEN PHOSPHORUS
Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the molar heat capacity for the noble gases? A. heat capacity decreases from Helium to Xenon B. heat capacity increases from helium to argon C. heat capacity increases from Helium to Argon, then decreases to Xenon D. heat capacity is the same for all noble gases
ANSWER: D -- HEAT CAPACITY IS THE SAME FOR ALL NOBLE GASES
Which of the following scientists was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the discovery of the radioactive elements, radium and polonium? A. John Dalton B. Dmitri Mendeleev C. Emil Fischer D. Marie Curie
ANSWER: D -- MARIE CURIE
Which of the following reactions involve NEITHER oxidation nor reduction? A. burning antimony in chlorine B. decomposition of potassium chlorate C. reaction of sodium with water D. reaction of potassium hydroxide with nitric acid
ANSWER: D -- REACTION OF POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE WITH NITRIC ACID
Acids react with bases to form which of the following? Do they form: A. salt and acidic anhydride B. water and basic anhydride C. basic anhydride and salt D. salt and water
ANSWER: D -- SALT AND WATER
A solution with a pH of 12 is: A. weakly acidic B. strongly acidic C.weakly basic D. strongly basic
ANSWER: D -- STRONGLY BASIC
Name the state function that represents the heat content of a system.
ANSWER: ENTHALPY
Name the thermodynamic state function that is a measure of randomness.
ANSWER: ENTROPY
Give me the names, in order of increasing mass, of the four lightest members the halogen family.
ANSWER: FLUORINE, CHLORINE, BROMINE, AND IODINE
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer: Which one of the four basic forces of the universe is most directly involved with maintaining the planets in their orbits?
ANSWER: GRAVITY
Who hypothesized that it would be impossible to know the exact location and exact momentum of a particle at the same time?
ANSWER: HEISENBERG
Name any five of the six noble gases.
ANSWER: HELIUM, NEON, ARGON, KRYPTON, XENON, OR RADON
Excluding Astatine, which halogen does NOT replace the other halogens from their compounds?
ANSWER: IODINE
Who is accredited in the history of modern chemistry of proving that neutrons existed?
ANSWER: JAMES CHADWICK
What is the name of the organic compound whose chemical name is amygdalin (pron: a- MIG-da-lin) and is found in the pits of apricots and peaches?
ANSWER: LAETRILE
Four of the lightest ten elements in the periodic table are solids at standard temperature and pressure. Name these four elements.
ANSWER: LITHIUM, BERYLLIUM, BORON, CARBON
Name any four alkali metals.
ANSWER: LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CESIUM, AND FRANCIUM
After carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the next most abundant element in proteins is:
ANSWER: NITROGEN
What is the common name for calcium oxide, CaO?
ANSWER: QUICKLIME or LIME
What is the element represented by the symbol Rb?
ANSWER: RUBIDIUM
What term is used to describe silver which contains 7.5% copper?
ANSWER: STERLING
What is the element represented by the symbol Sr?
ANSWER: STRONTIUM
All proteins contain at least 5 specific elements. Four of them are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. What is the fifth element?
ANSWER: SULFUR
Who was the first American chemist to receive a Nobel Prize? He was selected in 1914 for his precise determination of atomic weights. A. Edward Frankland B. Theodore Richards C. John Bardeen D. Paul Dirac
ANSWER: THEODORE RICHARDS
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice: Which of the following fossils is the oldest: W) trilobite X) snake Y) petrified wood Z) megalodon tooth
ANSWER: W) TRILOBITE
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice:Which of the following is the most common source of energy for brain cells in humans: W) nucleic acids X) proteins Y) glucose Z) pectins
ANSWER: Y) GLUCOSE
Multiple Choice America's first satellite, Explorer I, had all of the following technology aboard, EXCEPT: W) Internal and external temperature sensors X) Data transmitting antennas Y) Solar panels Z) Micrometeorite impact microphone
ANSWER: Y) SOLAR PANELS
Multiple Choice Which of the following BEST describes what happens to continental crust as glaciers melt and retreat? W) Springs fill in low-lying regions left behind X) The crust remains deformed, leaving large synclines Y) The crust isostatically rebounds Z) There is no impact on the crust
ANSWER: Y) THE CRUST ISOSTATICALLY REBOUNDS
What 2 characteristics of Uranus are most commonly noted as the reasons why Uranus was not discovered until the late 1700's?
APPARENT MAGNITUDE; ORBITAL PERIOD ( ACCEPT: BRIGHTNESS or MAGNITUDE)
What is the brightest star in the Northern sky?
ARCTURUS (ACCEPT: ALPHA BOÔTES)
What is the third most common gas naturally found in the Earth's clean, dry atmosphere?
ARGON
In the solar neutrino detector in Lead, South Dakota, when a neutrino emitted in positron decay in the sun is captured by a Chlorine-37 nucleus, what isotope is most likely formed?
ARGON-37
What is another name for minor planets, starlike bodies, or planetoids, the vast majority of which have orbits roughly midway between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars?
ASTEROIDS
Electric current SI unit
Amperes
Convert -40oF into Centigrade:
Answer: -40oF-32/1.8 = -40o Centigrate
What is the concentration, in parts per billion, of a solution that contains 1 microgram of solute per liter?
Answer: 1 PPB
How many significant figures are there in the number 0.0036:
Answer: 2
A patient in the Emergency Room required 20 grams of a clotbusting drug based on his body weight of 150 pounds. The weight per volume (w/v) of the drug solution is 10%. How many milliliters of the drug solution should be administered?
Answer: 200 Milliliters
To the nearest whole number, convert 0.300 atmosphere into millimeters of mercury, or torr:
Answer: 228 Millimeters Of Mercury, Or Torr
How many milliliters of water would you add to 100 milliliters of a 0.350 molar solution to make a 0.100 molar solution?
Answer: 250 Milliliters
Knowing that Iron has an atomic number of 26, how many protons and how many electrons does Fe+2 have?
Answer: 26 Protons, 24 Electrons
An atom has 18 protons and 22 neutrons. What is its mass number:
Answer: 40
Convert 673 Kelvin into degrees centigrade:
Answer: 400oC
Round the following number to four significant figures and express the result in standard exponential notation: 0.006543210
Answer: 6.543 X 10-3
Fish in an aquarium require oxygen to live, which is usually done by pumping air into the fish tank using a mechanical pump. If all other things remain constant, the most effective transfer of oxygen to water comes from: A. small bubbles of air B. large bubbles of air C. bubbling of cold air D. slow bubbling of air
Answer: A
If a human being were to be exposed suddenly to the surface of Mars, which of the following would most likely occur to the person's blood: A. it would boil in a matter of seconds B. it would freeze in a matter of seconds C. it would coagulate in a matter of seconds D. there would be no immediate change
Answer: A
The Tyndall Effect can be demonstrated when light is passed through which of the following: A. a colloidal suspension B. supercritical water C. aqueous solutions D. mixtures of gasses
Answer: A
Which of the following is NOT true about the Periodic Table: A. metals tend to gain ele ctrons while nonmetals tend to lose electrons B. metals tend to lose electrons while nonmetals tend to gain electrons C. elements with metallic properties are found on the left side of the table D. alkali metals are found in the vertical column that contains lithium
Answer: A
Which of the following is true about the Kinetic Theory of Gases: A. gas particles do not attract or repel each other B. gas particles are attracted to the walls of the container they are in C. the kinetic energy of gas particles is unrelated to temperature D. gas particles attract and repel each other
Answer: A
Which of the following represents the simplest chemical formula: A. empirical formula B. molecular formula C. structural formula D. primary formula
Answer: A
Which one of the following statements is true about the specific gravity of a substance: A. specific gravity is one of the few unitless values encountered in chemistry B. the specific gravity of water is 1 gram per milliliter C. specific gravity is calculated by dividing the density of water by the density of the substance D. specific gravity is measured with an instrument called the densitometer
Answer: A
Many of the groups of elements in the periodic table have acquired common names. The elements in Group IA, with the exception of hydrogen, are called what?
Answer: Alkali Metals
Element A is a nonmetal with an electronegativity value of 3.0 and element B is a nonmetal with an electronegativity value of 2.5. What kind of bonding will occur between these two elements: A. nonpolar covalent B. polar covalent C. ionic D. fission
Answer: B
If CO2 is bubbled through distilled water at room temperature, which of the following will most likely occur: A. the pH of the water increases B. the pH of the water decreases C. the pH of the water is unchanged D. carbon will precipitate out of solution
Answer: B
Ten grams of dietary fat contains how many food calories? A. 40 calories B. 90 calories C. 60 calories D. 120 calories
Answer: B
The property of water which permits an insect to "walk" on water is: A. viscosity B. surface tension C. tensile strength D. turgor pressure
Answer: B
Under which of the following conditions will iron rust: A. in water B. in water and oxygen C. in oil D. in oil and water
Answer: B
Which of the following is true of an oxidation reaction: A. in an electrolytic cell, oxidation takes place at the cathode B. in the following reaction, bromine is oxidized Br2 + 2e- à 2Br- C. in a chemical reaction, the substance that is being oxidized is also known as the reducing agent D. in a chemical reaction, the substance that is being oxidized is also known as the oxidizing agent
Answer: B
Which one of the following statements is true about the neutralization of an acid by a base: A. the pH decreases when the base is added to the acid B. a salt and water are end products C. gas is an end product D. organic compounds are end products
Answer: B
What is the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration of 1 X 10-8 moles/dm3? A. 7 B. 6 C. 8 D. 7.5
Answer: C
Which of the following is NOT true of helium? A. deep sea divers breath a mixture of helium and oxygen B. breathing helium causes a temporary change in the pitch and quality of one's voice C. helium gas is commonly used by dentists as a mild anesthetic D. a mixture of helium and neon gas produced the first gas laser
Answer: C
Which of the following is NOT a final product of the overall cell reaction in a hydrogen fuel cell: A. heat B. electric power C. carbon dioxide D. water
Answer: CARBON DIOXIDE
Which of the following is the best example of a polysaccharide: A. glucose B. galactose C. sucrose D. cellulose
Answer: CELLULOSE
Convert the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon C5H12 into its straight-chain Condensed Structural Formula:
Answer: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Which of the following is an organic molecule: A. CaSO4 B. CH4 C. NH3 D. H2O
Answer: CH4
What is the acid anhydride of H2CO3?
Answer: CO2
Never found uncombined on Earth, what element occurs abundantly in limestone, gypsum and fluorite:
Answer: Calcium
Carbohydrates are made of what three elements?
Answer: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Another name for heavy water is: A. ice B. salt water C. deuterium D. deuterium oxide
Answer: D
The reaction of hydrocarbons with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat is called: A. fission B. fusion C. endothermic D. combustion
Answer: D
Which of the following are NOT carbonate minerals: A. calcite B. magnesite C. dolomite D. graphite
Answer: D
Which of the following has the same electron configuration as neon: A. Ar B. F C. Cl- D. Na+
Answer: D
Which of the following instruments would typically be used to measure the smallest quantities of mass: A. double-pan balance B. triple-beam hanging balance C. triple-beam platform balance D. analytic balance
Answer: D
Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule: A. HCl B. NaCl C. CaCl D. H2
Answer: D
Out of the following choices, which is the correct name for N2O3: A. dinitrogen oxide B. dinitrogen dioxide C. dinitrogen trioxide D. dinitrogen tetroxide
Answer: DINITROGEN TRIOXIDE
The disruption of the three-dimensional shape of a protein by factors such as heat, acids, bases, and organic solvents, is called what?
Answer: Denaturation
The general term for the removal of salts from brackish water or seawater to make it useable is called:
Answer: Desalination
The use of electricity to decompose molten sodium chloride into its component elements is an example of: A. electrolysis B. galvanization C. a voltaic cell D. electroplating
Answer: ELECTROLYSIS
What is the branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions?
Answer: Electrochemistry
The reaction of an acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water is called:
Answer: Esterification
What are the two most common end-products of alcoholic fermentation?
Answer: Ethanol And Carbon Dioxide
This metal lies between silicon and tin in its chemical and physical properties and used extensively in the making of transistors:
Answer: Germanium
Cellulose is a polymer of repeating units of what molecule?
Answer: Glucose
It is estimated that each person in the United States consumes an average of 100 pounds of sucrose each year. Which two simple sugars are linked to make a sucrose molecule?
Answer: Glucose And Fructose
What element does the symbol Au stand for?
Answer: Gold
Which of the following is an example of a buffer system: A. H2CO3 and water B. H2CO3 and NaHCO3 C. NH3 and N2 D. NaCl and KCl
Answer: H2CO3 AND NaHCO3
The ideal fuel for fuel cell use is: A. compressed natural gas B. reformulated gasoline C. hydrogen D. methanol
Answer: HYDROGEN
What is the only known substance for which there is no triple point:
Answer: Helium
What is the common name of the molecule dihydrogen dioxide?
Answer: Hydrogen Peroxide
Name the two most abundant elements in the universe?
Answer: Hyydrogen And Helium
What is the term for the pH at which an amino acid or protein becomes electrically neutral?
Answer: Isoelectric Point
What molecule is characteristically prevalent in sour milk and tired muscles?
Answer: Lactic Acid
What colorless liquid was originally produced from the distillation of wood and is often referred to as wood alcohol:
Answer: Methanol
Myoglobin binds oxygen in what tissue in the human body?
Answer: Muscle
Which of the following dominates the gasses in the Earth's atmosphere, making up some 78% of the air by volume: A. nitrogen B. oxygen C. helium D. hydrogen
Answer: NITROGEN
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration: 1s22s22p6
Answer: Neon
What gas was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772 by placing a mouse inside a bell jar, removing all the oxygen in the jar by burning a substance in it, and demonstrating the asphyxiation of the mouse:
Answer: Nitrogen
Until the early 1960's, what group of elements were called the inert gases:
Answer: Noble Gases
4.0 liters of oxygen are mixed with 8.0 liters of nitrogen. Identify the solute and solvent in this mixture:
Answer: Oxygen Is The Solute; Nitrogen Is The Solvent
Give the symbol for the element that is derived from the Latin word Plumbum
Answer: Pb
Long chains of amino acids are linked together through what type of bond?
Answer: Peptide Bonds
Which of the following metals react violently with water to produce hydrogen gas: A. sodium B. zinc C. platinum D. silver
Answer: SODIUM
What are the 4 physical states of matter?
Answer: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
What radioactive isotope of this alkaline earth element formed as a fission product of uranium and is of particular importance because it is assimilated in the body much like calcium:
Answer: Strontium
Which one of the following has the greatest tendency to lose an electron? A. Zn B. Cl- C. Br2 D. A mixture of PbSO4 and H2O
Answer: Zn
Quantitative Measurement
Answers "how many" or "how much"
NAME 3: French/English FALSE cognates
Answers may vary bottes -> boot crayon -> pencil glace -> ice, ice cream gomme -> eraser trombone -> paperclip foot -> sport etc.
NAME 3: French/English cognates
Answers may vary: le cinéma le voyage le tigre le prof l'hôtel violet octobre etc.
Order the following 4 stars from the HOTTEST to the COOLEST: K-3; K-2; B-7; M-10
B-7; K-2; K-3; M-10
Of the 3 basic types of magma on Earth, which one generally has the LOWEST gas content?
BASALTIC (ACCEPT: BASALT) (Solution: 3 basic types: basaltic = low; andesitic = intermediate; rhyolitic = high)
Order the following three types of magma based on their typical percentage of dissolved gas, starting with the lowest: andesitic, basaltic, rhyolitic
BASALTIC, ANDESITIC, RHYOLITIC
First proposed by Georges Lemaitre, what is the name, most likely coined by Fred Hoyle, for the theory that the universe originated at a finite time many eons ago from an extremely compressed hot state?
BIG BANG
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the most well-known asterism in Ursa Major?
BIG DIPPER
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (1) Why is Biomass a renewable energy resource? A. We can always grow trees and crops B. The energy it produces can be reused C. Biomass only affects green plants D. Biomass relies upon all forms of energy
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (10) Which of the following is required in determining a future landfill site? A. Accessibility to the landfill site B. Geology of the area C. Nature of the local environment D. All of the above
C
BIOMASS ENERGY (11) Why do modern landfills have layers of clay or plastic lining the bottom and sides? A. To make the landfill more aesthetic B. To create habitat for insects C. To prevent leachate from escaping into the soil and groundwater D. To cut down on the costs of landfill disposal
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (12) What is an advantage of bioreactor landfill sites over traditional landfill sites? A. Bioreactor landfills gain space as the waste degrades B. They produce methane gas slower C. They are more attractive than traditional sites D. All of the above
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (13) What is an advantage of biomass energy? A. Growing plants use carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, and produce oxygen B. Biomass can be created from a wide range of plant and animal matter C. Biomass technology uses human waste products and turns them into usable energy D. All of the above
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (14) What is a disadvantage of biomass energy? A. Biomass can pollute the air when it is burned B. Biomass production requires complicated technology C. Biomass production has never been accomplished on a wide scale D. All of the above
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (15) Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product that is commonly transformed into biomass? A. Corn C. Animal fats B. Sugar cane D. Dairy products
B
BIOMASS ENERGY (16) What is the most common form of biomass? A. Alcohol B. Wood C. Garbage D. Vegetable oil
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (17) Which of the following can be made into ethanol? A. Rice B. Potato skins C. Sugar beets D. All of the above
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (18) Most of the ethanol produced in the United States is made from which crop? A. Corn B. Sorghum C. Switchgrass D. None of the above
C
BIOMASS ENERGY (2) What is the initial source of energy, needed to create Biomass? A. Chemical energy from the breakdown of cellulose B. Kinetic energy from the transfer of electrons to cells C. Solar energy to create chemical reactions for photosynthesis in plants D. Potential energy stored behind dams
B
BIOMASS ENERGY (20) What is "gasohol" made of? A. 10 percent gasoline and 90 percent ethanol B. 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline C. 50 percent ethanol and 50 percent gasoline D. any of the above
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (21) What is an advantage of burning garbage, also known as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)? A. It results in less waste ending up in landfills B. It results in air pollution C. There are no plant operation costs D. There is no advantage to burning garbage
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (22) What is the disadvantage of burning garbage, also known as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)? A. The ash that results from burning garbage can contain harmful metals or chemicals B. Harmful particles and gases can be emitted from smoke stacks C. Extra technologies must be developed to ensure that any dangerous chemicals are disposed of properly D. All of the above
C
BIOMASS ENERGY (24) All of the following are types of emissions that are decreased by using biodiesel to power vehicles except? A. Hydrocarbons B. Carbon Dioxide C. Nitrogen Oxide D. Carbon Monoxide
B
BIOMASS ENERGY (3) What type of energy is stored within biomass? A. Kinetic B. Chemical potential C. Kinetic nuclear D. Potential kinetic E. No choices are correct
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (4) What is an example of uses of Biomass as a source of energy? A. Ethanol B. Biodiesel C. Methane D. All of the above
E
BIOMASS ENERGY (5) Which of the following is not a Biomass source? A. Wood B. Crops C. Garbage D. Landfill gas E. Petroleum
B
BIOMASS ENERGY (6) Which of the following is an advantage of using biomass as a source of energy? A. It does not create air emissions B. Waste is reduced and U.S. agriculture is supported because crops are used as energy sources C. it produces very small particulate matter when burned D. Biomass can only be used as a resource for heat energy
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (7) Which of the following is an advantage of using Biomass Energy? A. Carbon dioxide released from burning biomass is offset by the carbon dioxide absorbed by plants used for this type of energy B. More solid waste has to be buried in landfills C. Biomass produces greenhouse gases D. All of the above
D
BIOMASS ENERGY (8) Which of the following is a disadvantage of biodiesel fuels compared to petroleum based fuels? A. Biodiesel produces more carbon dioxide than petro-fuels B. Biodiesel produces more sulfur dioxide than petro-fuels C. Biodiesel produes more particulate matter than petro-fuels D. Biodiesel produces slightly higher amounts of nitrogen oxide
C
BIOMASS ENERGY (9) Which of the following items makes up the majority of household waste? A. Plastic B. Glass bottles C. Paper D. Food E. Wood
At less than 8% solar mass, what is the common term for a potential star that does not gather enough mass to initiate core nuclear fusion and become a main sequence star?
BROWN DWARF
Where is there normally perfect elasticity?
Between 2 atoms
GENUS and SPECIES
Binomial nomenclature is classically made up of what two taxonomical terms?
Imagine a sandstone that fizzes when exposed to hydrochloric acid. Name the mineral that cements the sand grains together.
CALCIUM CARBONATE (ACCEPT: CALCITE OR CaCO3)
Many large volcanoes are marked near their summit by a large, basin-shaped volcanic depression, more or less circular in form and steep-walled, which is called?
CALDERA
What is the name for the constellation with the brightest star?
CANIS MAJOR (ACCEPT: THE BIG DOG)
In what constellation is the brightest-appearing star in the night sky?
CANIS MAJOR (Solution: Alpha Canis Majoris, also called Sirius, is in Canis Major and is the brightest star in the sky)
When a one solar mass star becomes a red giant for the first time, its energy comes mainly from the fusion of helium forming into what final element?
CARBON
What 3 elements are most prominent in the carbon fusion cycle?
CARBON; NITROGEN; OXYGEN
What specific class of stars was discovered by Henrietta Leavitt to have special properties that allowed it to be used in measuring long astronomical distances?
CEPHEID VARIABLES
Members of the "Key Project", while working with the Hubble space telescope, are using observation primarily of what specific type of celestial object to calculate the Hubble constant?
CEPHEIDS (ACCEPT: CEPHEID VARIABLES)
Which 2 of the following 5 minor planets have the largest diameters: Eros, Juno, Ceres, Amor, Apollo
CERES AND JUNO
Which two of the following five celestial bodies are not moons of Jupiter: Io, Charon, Titan, Ganymede, Callisto?
CHARON AND TITAN
What are generally considered the most common and most primitive type of meteorites?
CHONDRITES
When a meteoroid enters the earth's atmosphere, it glows. Sometimes, the earth meets a number of meteoroids, creating a meteor shower. Most streams and swarms of meteoroids are believed to be fragments of what celestial body?
COMET
From what specific celestial body do meteor showers originate?
COMET(S)
MATH Short Answer What term BEST describes 2 angles with 90º as the sum of their measurements?
COMPLEMENTARY
What is the general name for the myriad of suspended particles or aerosols in the Earth's atmosphere that allow rain droplets to undergo coalescence?
CONDENSATION NUCLEI
What is the common name for the 88 sections into which the International Astronomical Society has divided the sky?
CONSTELLATIONS
Who is the author of the book titled "On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres" which rejected the Earth-centric universe?
COPERNICUS
Based on compositional boundaries, name the three different layers that make up the structure of the solid portion of the planet Earth?
CORE, MANTLE, CRUST (accept in any order)
CHEMISTRY Short Answer What general type of bonding is found in molecules in which electrons are shared by nuclei?
COVALENT
Name the 3 cloud families based on their shape.
CUMULUS, STRATUS, CIRRUS (in any order)
General Science: The amount of energy stored in food is commonly measured in what unit?
Calorie (or Kilocalorie)
Life Science: Of the 4 general types of biological molecules, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, which one typically accounts for the majority of dietary calories in the human diet?
Carbohydrate
General Science: Most plastics are based on monomers that are composed of what element that forms the backbone of the polymer?
Carbon
Life Science: What molecule is released from the muscles as a waste product, transported to the lungs in blood, and exhaled as a gas?
Carbon Dioxide (or CO2)
Life Science: What outer structure possessed by plant cells protects them from environmental changes and helps them maintain their shape during stress and times of water loss?
Cell Wall (or Wall)
General Science: What natural polymer is the main component of cotton?
Cellulose
Arthropoda, Chilopoda
Centipedes
10/30 18/30 25/30
Change each of the following 3 fractions, respectively, to equivalent fractions with a denominator of 30: 1/3 3/5 5/6
Acceleration definition
Change in velocity Rate of change of speed, direction, or both
Law of Conservation of Charge
Charge cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred
Conduction (charging method)
Charged objects are brought into direct contact and electrons are transferred
Mollusca, Polyplacophora
Chitons (Marine Mollusks)
Life Science: What higher plant cell organelle is responsible for using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen?
Chloroplast
Mollusca, Bivalvia
Clams, Oysters
Earth Science: Which one of the following 5 choices is NOT a mineral: diamond, asbestos, graphite, coal, talc
Coal
Phylum Ctenophora
Comb Jellies (Use cilia for movement)
Derived units definition
Come from SI units
General Science: What is the name for the manipulated variable group in all experiments that is compared to the experimental group?
Control (or Control Group)
Arthropoda, Crustacea
Crustaceans
Physical Science: What is the specific name for the type of solid where the atoms or molecules are arranged in a geometric repeating pattern?
Crystal (or Crystal Lattice)
Speed equation
D/t
What term is given to a body of sediments deposited where a stream flows into a body of standing water and its velocity and transporting power are suddenly reduced?
DELTA (ACCEPT: DELTA PLAIN)
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the MOST common term for the behavior of light where it appears to bend around small obstacles or the spreading out of waves as light passes through pinholes or slits?
DIFFRACTION
Which 2 of the following 4 factors most directly determine the apparent visual magnitude of a star: distance from Earth; intrinsic brightness; color; age
DISTANCE FROM EARTH; INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS
Y) SEA ICE FLOATS ON THE WATER WHILE CONTINENTAL ICE SITS ON LAND
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following describes how sea ice is different from continental ice? W) Continental ice is denser than sea ice X) Sea ice is saline while continental ice is fresh Y) Sea ice floats on the water while continental ice sits on land Z) Sea ice is constantly changing while continental ice remains the same
Z) MELT ROCK
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT something a river can do to rock? W) Cut down through hundreds of meters of rock X) Polish rock Y) Transport rock hundreds of miles Z) Melt rock
A CAP ROCK (ACCEPT: SEAL, TRAP)
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The three components required for an oil reservoir to form are a source rock, a porous and permeable reservoir rock, and:
GULF OF MEXICO, ATLANTIC OCEAN (ACCEPT: GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE), PACIFIC OCEAN (ACCEPT: SEA OF CORTEZ, GULF OF CALIFORNIA)
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Thousands of rivers drain the continental United States. These rivers primarily drain into which three bodies of water?
Z) BUOYANCY
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Bioluminescence in marine organisms is important for all but which of the following functions: W) attracting prey X) communicating with other organisms Y) illumination Z) buoyancy
X) PLUTONS
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Magmas that crystallize beneath the Earth's surface form intrusive bodies of igneous rock that are generally known as: W) pumice X) plutons Y) tuffs Z) breccia
Z) ROCKY COAST WITH SMALL SPITS AND POCKET BEACHES
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a coastal morphology most characteristic of the west coast of the U.S.: W) numerous estuaries X) depositional coast Y) extensive barrier islands Z) rocky coast with small spits and pocket beaches
Z) HALITE
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a highly crystalline mineral with perfect cleavage: W) native gold X) native silver Y) graphite Z) halite
W) TROPOSPHERE
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a region of Earth's atmosphere where convection is most likely to take place: W) troposphere X) stratosphere Y) tropopause Z) thermosphere
X) MONSOONS
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is most important for climate because it transports large amounts of heat and moisture from the ocean to land: W) tides X) monsoons Y) longshore drift Z) erosion
Y) COLOR
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is often the LEAST reliable property of a mineral that is used in mineral identification: W) magnetism X) specific gravity Y) color Z) cleavage
X) RAIN PERCOLATING THROUGH LIMESTONE
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the BEST example of the chemical weathering of rock: W) cracking of rock by plant roots X) rain percolating through limestone Y) frost action Z) abrasion
X) THE INNER CORE
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the hottest region of planet Earth: W) the mantle X) the inner core Y) the outer core Z) the crust
Z) SILICATES
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most common group of rock-forming minerals: W) sulfides X) carbonates Y) phosphates Z) silicates
Y) PERFECT ONE WAY
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following terms best describes the cleavage of a mineral: W) silky X) brittle Y) perfect one way Z) sub-metallic
W) TABULAR
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following terms best describes the crystal form of a mineral: W) tabular X) fluorescent Y) metallic Z) vitreous
Z) BROWN
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following terms best describes the streak of a mineral: W) wavy X) tabular Y) translucent Z) brown
CAPITAL H
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following would be used on a weather map to indicate a cold day in winter with clear, blue skies: W) capital L X) capital H Y) green shaded areas Z) pink shaded areas
LAVA
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Magma that reached the Earth's surface is called what?
A GLACIER
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer A large mass of ice, formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, that is moving downhill or outward under the force of gravity is called:
AUTUMNAL AND VERNAL EQUINOXES
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Name the equinoxes when day and night are of equal length around the world:
MESOZOIC
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer The Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous are all periods in what era?
STALACTITES
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What are the icicle-shaped deposits of limestone hanging from the roof of a cave called:
TIDAL SURGE
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of the rapid rise of coastal water that accompanies the arrival of a cyclone?
VERNAL EQUINOX
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Which equinox marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere?
TALC
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer With a Mohs' hardness of 1, what is the softest mineral known?
A GLACIER
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer A large mass of ice, formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, that is moving downhill or outward under the force of gravity is called:
CONTINENTAL (ACCEPT: ICE SHEET)
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Based on size and location, which of the 2 basic types of glaciers dominates Greenland today?
STALACTITES
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What are the icicle-shaped deposits of limestone hanging from the roof of a cave called:
POLAR JET STREAM (ACCEPT: JET STREAM)
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the "river" of high altitude wind over North America that marks the southern boundary between polar air to the north and warmer air to the south?
THE TROPIC OF CANCER (ACCEPT: NORTHERN TROPIC)
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the northern-most latitude where the Sun can appear directly overhead?
MANTLE
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What layer of Earth's interior contains over 60% of the Earth's mass and is composed of iron- and magnesium-rich silicates?
WATER (ACCEPT: H2O)
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What molecular substance is believed to be the most basic requirement or signature for life to exist on a planet?
CRETACEOUS
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What period of the Geological Time Scale ends with the extinction of dinosaurs?
MERCURY; VENUS
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What planets are able to pass between the Earth and the Sun?
W) METAL COIN
ENERGY Multiple Choice A metal coin and a plastic coin are heated to the same temperature. The two coins have the same size and shape, are dropped into the same tub of cold water at the same time, and are left for 30 seconds. Which coin will have the lower temperature? W) Metal coin X) Plastic coin Y) Both coins will have the same temperature Z) Cannot be determined
W) FOOD PRODUCTS, INCLUDING VEGETABLE OILS AND ANIMAL FATS
ENERGY Multiple Choice Biodiesel, which is another form of biomass energy, is obtained from: W) Food products, including vegetable oils and animal fats X) Refining the available diesel Y) Combining diesel with extractions from mineral beds Z) Using a plant's photosynthesis (read as: fōe-tōe-SIN-teh-sis) process
Y) FERMENTING CROPS LIKE CORN AND SUGAR CANE
ENERGY Multiple Choice Ethanol is being used as a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Which of the following best describes the production of ethanol? W) Distilling gases available in waste, such as methanol X) Exposing batteries to sunlight Y) Fermenting crops like corn and sugar cane Z) Using broken parts from cars as they get rusty
Y) NUCLEAR
ENERGY Multiple Choice Using current technologies, which of the following sources of energy is nonrenewable? W) Solar X) Wind Y) Nuclear Z) Geothermal
Z) URANIUM
ENERGY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel? W) Coal X) Natural gas Y) Petroleum Z) Uranium
INSULATOR
ENERGY Short Answer What is the general name for material that is used to block the flow of heat?
Law of conservation of energy
Energy can't be created nor destroyes
Electrical energy
Energy due to moving electrons
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (1) What are the three primary types of fossil fuels? A. Coal, natural gas, petroleum B. Petroleum, natural gas, cellulose C. Ethanol, coal, natural gaS D. Petroleum, ethanol, nuclear
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (11) Hydrogen sulfide is added to natural gas to give it an odor, in order to A. indentify leaks within pipes B. check for different types of gas mixtures C. make it difficult for animals to inhale D. make it easy to see
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (12) Which of the following types of energy are non-renewable? A. Coal and gas B. Solar and hydroelectric C. Geothermal and solar D. Biomass and solar
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (13) What is an advantage of fossil fuel energy? A. Technology already exists for the efficient distribution and use of fossil fuels B. Fossil fuels are renewable C. Fossil fuels produce no pollution D. All of the above
D
FOSSIL ENERGY (14) What is a disadvantage of fossil fuel energy? A. The earth only contains limited amounts of all fossil fuels B. The availability of some fuels, such as oil, is affected by unpredictable factors like world politics C. The use of fossil fuels has environmental impacts D. All of the above
D
FOSSIL ENERGY (16) How do scientists locate oil reservoirs? A. Sending soundwaves through the rock and measuring the speeds at which the soundwaves pass through B. Examining rock samples to search for oil droplets stuck in the rock C. Measuring how electric currents pass through underground rock samples D. All of the above
C
FOSSIL ENERGY (17) What determines whether crude oil is called "sweet" or "sour?" A. Its vinegar content B. Its sugar content C. Its sulfur content D. None of the above
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (18) Which state in the United States produces the most crude oil? A. Texas B. Alaska C. Utah D. West Virginia
C
FOSSIL ENERGY (19) A barrel of oil contains how many gallons? A. 80 B. 30 C. 42 D. 68
C
FOSSIL ENERGY (2) What ancient materials formed coal? A. Dinosaurs and fish B. Dinosaurs and plants C. Plants and algae D. Land animals
D
FOSSIL ENERGY (20) Which of the following is NOT a type of coal? A. Lignite B. Anthracite C. Bituminous D. Voluminous
C
FOSSIL ENERGY (21) Which state in the United States produces the most coal? A. Kentucky B. Pennsylvania C. Wyoming D. South Dakota
Equation for weight
Fg = mg or mass x acceleration of gravity
Bien, et toi?
Fine, and you?
Equaton for Kinetic Friction
Fk = µKFN
Platyhelminthes, Monogenea
Flatworms found on gills of fish, shrimp.
Platyhelminthes, Tremadota
Flukes (Internal parasite of molluscs and vertebrates)
Newton's 3rd law of motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Coulomb's Law
Force of attraction between 2 charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the squared distance between them
Y) HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What type of energy production does NOT require a turbine with a shaft to spin a generator in order to create electricity? W) Geothermal power X) Hydropower Y) Hydrogen fuel cells Z) Nuclear (fission) reactors
Y) INCREASED BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following can cause an increase in the amount of acid rain? W) Decrease in the ozone layer X) Increase in oil spills Y) Increased burning of fossil fuels Z) Decrease in pesticide use
X) BOTH
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following does the prefix "ambi" (spell out the letters a, m, b, i) mean, as in the word ambidextrous: W) equal X) both Y) neither Z) always
Z) BROMINE
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements is NOT a noble gas? W) Xenon X) Radon Y) Krypton Z) Bromine
W) 1, TWELVE-OUNCE NON-DIET SODA
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following foods contains the MOST calories: W) 1, twelve-ounce non-diet soda X) 1 tablespoon catsup Y) 1 8-ounce fresh orange Z) 1 tablespoon white, granulated sugar
W) FLUORIDE
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a product found in most toothpastes for the purpose of making the teeth more resistant to decay by promoting remineralization: W) fluoride X) melamine Y) titanium dioxide Z) diethylene glycol
W) AN OIL-PRODUCING GLAND
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a structural adaptation of ducks that is most helpful in keeping them dry: W) an oil-producing gland X) hollow fur Y) darkly colored plumage Z) ability to float
Y) TO COMPETE FOR SUNLIGHT
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying reason why trees evolved with the capacity to grow tall: W) to absorb more carbon dioxide X) to enhance transpiration Y) to compete for sunlight Z) to produce more oxygen
X) TOPOGRAPHIC
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following types of maps would be most useful on a hiking trip through the Alps: W) synoptic X) topographic Y) planimetric Z) Mercator projection
W) CHEMICAL
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following types of weathering is caused by acid rain? W) Chemical X) Mechanical Y) Biotic Z) Tropical
10 (Solution: 2 mm × 50 = 100 mm = 10 cm)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer A single U.S. quarter is 2 millimeters thick. Find the height, in centimeters, of a stack of 50 quarters:
MICROGRAM; CENTIGRAM; DECIGRAM; HECTOGRAM
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Arrange the following 4 choices from the one with the LOWEST mass to the HIGHEST mass: decigram; microgram; centigram; hectogram
1 KILOBYTE PER SECOND; 1 MEGABYTE PER SECOND; 1 GIGABYTE PER SECOND; 1 TERABYTE PER SECOND
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Arrange the following 4 choices in order of INCREASING speed of computer data transmission: 1 gigabyte per second; 1 kilobyte per second; 1 megabyte per second; 1 terabyte per second
10
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Convert 1 million centimeters per hour into kilometers per hour:
CELLULOSE
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer From what biological polymer is paper primarily composed?
: 0 (ACCEPT: ABSOLUTE ZERO)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the kelvin temperature that represents a condition of no molecular motion?
Steel
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common element in most steel?
517 BC (ACCEPT: 517)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the year of a person's death who was born in the year 580 BC and lived 63 years?
BIOLOGY Short Answer Name all of the following 5 plants that are dicots: wheat; geranium; garlic; bamboo; rose
GERANIUM; ROSE
What is the name of the simple astronomical instrument consisting of a vertical stick placed in a sunny spot to cast a shadow?
GNOMON
The formation of what is referred to as "metallic hydrogen" on some of the our solar system's planets is driven by what basic force?
GRAVITY
LIVER, HEART, SKIN
Give the respective common name for the following tissues: hepatic, cardiac, epidermis.
LEFT VENTRICLE, RIGHT VENTRICLE, LEFT ATRIUM, RIGHT ATRIUM
Give the scientific names for the four chambers of the human heart:
SOUTH
Giving your answer as north, south, east, or west, a southerly wind blows FROM what direction?
6000
Giving your answer in grams, subtract 200 grams from 6.2 kilograms
Molecules
Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
CHEMISTRY Short Answer According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for hydrogen sulfide?
H2S
What are the names of the three primary atmospheric circulation cells that circulate air between the equator and poles?
HADLEY CELL, FERREL (OR MID-LATITUDE) CELL, AND POLAR CELL
What is the name given to the urban microclimate whereby a region around a city remains up to several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, especially on warm, still summer nights?
HEAT ISLAND (ACCEPT: HEAT ISLAND EFFECT)
What is the primary elemental product of stellar hydrogen fusion?
HELIUM
Name the Greek astronomer who ranked the naked-eye stars into six groups of relative brightness in the second century B.C.?
HIPPARCHUS
Order the following four geological epochs from the youngest to the oldest: Pliocene, Holocene, Oligocene, Paleocene
HOLOCENE, PLIOCENE, OLIGOCENE, PALEOCENE
Which law states that galaxies are receding from one another at velocities directly proportional to the distances separating them?
HUBBLE'S LAW (ACCEPT: HUBBLE OR HUBBLE'S)
As recognizable organic matter on top of the ground begins to decompose, what type of soil does it become?
HUMUS
From the LEAST to the MOST, what are the 3 most abundant elements in a G-type star?
HYDROGEN; HELIUM; CARBON
What term derived from the Greek word for "shortcoming" generally means an apparent lag in effect behind what is causing it?
HYSTERESIS
4
How many canine teeth does the typical human adult have?
30
How many degrees are in one-third of a right angle
32
How many permanent teeth does a typical adult human have?
2
How many protons are present in a single helium nucleus?
Which of the Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter is the most geologically active object in the entire solar system, commonly referred to as the "pizza moon," and has the longest diameter of 3,630 kilometers?
IO
64
If there are 640 ounces of water in 5 gallons, how many ounces are in 1⁄2 gallon?
hypotenuse
In a right triangle, what is the name for the side opposite the 90^o angle?
W) SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
In human nerves, the nerve impulse or message occurs primarily because of the movement of ions of what two elements across the cell membranes of nerves: W) sodium and potassium X) potassium and calcium Y) calcium and sodium Z) calcium and magnesium
species
In the taxonomical name Homo sapiens, what taxonomical rank does sapiens represent?
MONERA
In the traditional 5 Kingdom classification of organisms, four of the 5 Kingdoms are Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. What is the fifth?
CHLOROPLAST
In what organelle of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?
Momentum is also known as
Inertia in motion
Earth Science: Which 2 of the following 5 elements is the Earth's outer core thought to be primarily made of: Aluminum, Sodium, Iron, Silicon, Nickel
Iron and Nickel (or vice versa)
neutrons
Isotopes of the same element are based on their different numbers of what atomic particle?
What 2 planets of our solar system are most alike in elemental makeup to the solar nebula?
JUPITER; SATURN
50
Jeff walks west in a straight path for 100 meters and then east in a straight path for 150 meters. What is the magnitude of his displacement, in meters?
Work is measured in
Joules
Energy unit
Joules- kg mˆ2/sˆ2
Work unit
Joules-kg mˆ2/sˆ2
Mechanical Energy
KE+PE
What is the common astronomical name for areas where gravitational attraction of two or more celestial bodies prevents objects in that area from maintaining an orbit, such as the spacings of semi-major axes of orbits of asteroids in the asteroid belt?
KIRKWOOD GAPS
The presence of which organism allows for the low level of trophic complexity observed in coastal Antarctic waters?
KRILL [ACCEPT: EUPHAUSIIDS (read as: yuh-FOH-zee-ids)]
Coulomb's Constant
Ke=8.99 x 10⁹
Temp SI unit
Kelvin
Who is the best person in the world?
Krishna Tangirala! (smile)
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Of the following group of 4 cations, which are the LARGEST and SMALLEST ions, respectively: K+; Na+; Rb+; Li+
LARGEST = Rb+; SMALLEST = Li+
W) PRODUCER
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice For an environment where a long-lasting toxin has been introduced, in which organism of a food chain will you expect to find the least accumulation of the toxin? W) Producer X) Herbivore Y) Primary predator Z) Secondary predator
Y) HAPLOID
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If an animal has 42 chromosomes in its normal, non-gamete or somatic cells, what term would be given to the gametes that have 21 chromosomes: W) somatic X) unigentic Y) haploid Z) solitary
Z) GLOMERULUS
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is part of the nephron in the kidney: W) islet cells (read as: EY-let) X) ureter Y) amygdala (read as: ah-MIG-dih-la) Z) glomerulus (read as: glow-MAIR-you-lus)
Y) GLUCOSE
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most common source of energy for brain cells in humans: W) nucleic acids X) proteins Y) glucose Z) pectins
0
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In a symbiotic relationship, what is the minimum number of organisms that benefits from the relationship?
NUCLEOLUS (DO NOT ACCEPT: NUCLEUS)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In what structure of a nucleated cell are ribosomes assembled into their subunits?
LIZARDS; SNAKES; CROCODILES (ACCEPT: ALL BUT FROG)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name all of the following 4 groups of animals that are reptiles: lizards; snakes; frogs; crocodiles
CLAMS; MUSSELS
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name all of the following 4 organisms that are bivalves: squid; clams; snails; mussels
BILATERAL
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer The human body is most commonly described as having what type of symmetry?
HEARING
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer The organ of Corti is directly involved in what human sense?
BIRDS
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the common name of the members of the Class Aves?
LIGHT (ACCEPT: SUNLIGHT or SUN)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the environmental factor most directly involved in phototropism?
PLASMA (DO NOT ACCEPT: SERUM)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the light-yellow fluid that makes up the fluid portion of normal circulating human blood?
DNA (ACCEPT: DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common term for the biological polymer found in chromosomes that stores genetic information?
PARASITISM
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common term for the symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed?
COMMENSALISM
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common term for the type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is neither significantly harmed nor helped by the interaction?
CHELICERAE (ACCEPT: CHELICERA)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the scientific term for the biting structures of spiders?
The Sun
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the ultimate energy source for nearly all life on Earth?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What process do autotrophs (read as: AW-toh-trōefs) use to make their own food from sunlight?
MICROTUBULES
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Which structural component of the cell cytoskeleton has alpha and beta subunits and is involved with intracellular transport?
What is the main part of the Small Bear constellation also commonly called?
LITTLE DIPPER
In coastal engineering terms, the area from the shoreline to just beyond the breaker zone is called what?
LITTORAL ZONE (ACCEPT: INTERTIDAL ZONE)
In the equatorial celestial coordinate system, what terms are synonymous with longitude and latitude, respectively?
LONGITUDE = RIGHT ASCENSION; LATITUDE = DECLINATION
Choosing from upper right, lower right, lower left, and upper left, in what area of the Hertzsprung Russell diagram will the Sun end its life?
LOWER LEFT
Earth Science: What is the specific name for the ridges of the giant accumulations of glacial til, hat form along the outer edges of an alpine plane?
Lateral Moraines
De quelle couleur est le/la ________________ (6 possible answers)
Le/la _________ est ___________. C'est un/une _____________ ____________. Il/elle est _____________.
Life Science: What are the most photosynthetic organs of most higher plants?
Leaves
Annelida, Hirudinea
Leeches
Negative directions
Left, down, south, west, backwards
Fluid
Liquid or gas
What is the common astronomical term that derives its name from the Latin word meaning ocean or 'seas' that is used to label the darker and smoother parts of the moon's surface?
MARIA
From data primarily on the motions of what planet did Kepler propose that planets follow elliptical orbits?
MARS
The Tharsis bulge is the major geological feature of what planet?
MARS
main asteroid belt is located immediately between what two planets?
MARS AND JUPITER (in any order)
Order the following planets from the one with the least number of known moons to the one with the most: Saturn, Neptune, Mars, Uranus.
MARS, NEPTUNE, URANUS, SATURN
What physical property of stars is most directly responsible for how long they will continue fusion?
MASS
Based on what three physical properties do astronomers divide the planets into terrestrial and Jovian.
MASS, SIZE, AND DENSITY
W) 1/7
MATH Multiple Choice 0.143 is closest in value to which of the following fractions: W) 1/7 X) 3/9 Y) 2/5 Z) 5/8
X) SUBTRACTION
MATH Multiple Choice Minuends and subtrahends are used in which of the following mathematical operations: W) addition X) subtraction Y) multiplication Z) division
Y) 600 METERS
MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following distances is longest? W) Half a kilometer X) Half a decimeter Y) 600 meters Z) 40 decameters
X) FRACTIONS EQUAL TO 1 ARE CALLED MIXED FRACTIONS
MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true: W) an irrational number is one that cannot be expressed as the ratio of integers X) fractions equal to 1 are called mixed fractions Y) the numerator is less than the denominator in a proper fraction Z) a composite number is a positive integer greater than 1 that is not prime
X) 20A + 12B
MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is an expression for the perimeter of a rectangle if the length equals 10A and the width equals 6B: W) 10A × 6B X) 20A + 12B Y) 2(20A) + 2(12B) Z) 10A² + 6B²
22/25
MATH Short Answer Change the decimal 0.88 to a fraction in lowest terms:
3.28 × 10^2
MATH Short Answer Convert 0.000328 × 10⁶ into proper scientific notation:
1 1/2
MATH Short Answer Convert 150% into a mixed fraction in lowest terms:
166.7 (must be exact)
MATH Short Answer Convert 5/3 into percent, rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent:
1 19/150
MATH Short Answer Evaluate the following and give your answer as a mixed fraction in lowest terms: 2 1/6 × 13/25
1/2
MATH Short Answer Evaluate the following, giving your answer as a proper fraction in simplest terms: (-12/8) (-4/12)
16 HOURS 50 MINUTES
MATH Short Answer Find the elapsed time, in hours and minutes reduced to their lowest terms, between 12:15 AM and 5:05 PM:
120
MATH Short Answer Find the volume, in inches cubed, of a rectangular solid whose dimensions are 3-inches by 5-inches by 8-inches:
10
MATH Short Answer How many numbers from 1 through 30 are multiples of 3?
40
MATH Short Answer If the area of a square field is 1,600 square feet, how many feet long is one of its sides?
1
MATH Short Answer In the real numbers, a number times its multiplicative inverse equals what?
11 3/5
MATH Short Answer Reduce the following fraction to a mixed fraction in lowest terms: 290/25
1/8
MATH Short Answer Reduce the following fraction to a proper fraction in lowest terms: 125/1000
1374
MATH Short Answer Rounding your answer to the nearest whole number, what is 732.15 + 641.43?
2/13
MATH Short Answer Simplify 8/52 to a fraction in simplest terms.
-3
MATH Short Answer What is the additive inverse of 3?
30
MATH Short Answer What is the least common denominator of the following 3 fractions: 2/3, 5/6, 1/5
PARALLEL
MATH Short Answer What is the mathematical term for coplanar lines that never intersect?
60 (ACCEPT: 60, 60, 60)
MATH Short Answer What is the measure, in degrees, of each angle in an equilateral triangle?
TRANSVERSAL
MATH Short Answer What is the name of a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines in different points?
7/10
MATH Short Answer What is the sum of the multiplicative inverse of 2 and the multiplicative inverse of 5 as a fraction in simplest form?
As seen from the Earth, what planet has the smallest maximum eastern elongation?
MERCURY
What terrestrial planet has the most elliptical orbit?
MERCURY
Which of the terrestrial planets has the lowest albedo?
MERCURY
What are the proper names of the 5 celestial bodies called wanderers by Greek astronomers because they had unusual paths in the sky throughout the year?
MERCURY; VENUS; MARS; JUPITER; SATURN (in any order)
In order and starting with the highest, name the 3 boundaries that separate the 4 thermal layers in the Earth's atmosphere.
MESOPAUSE, STRATOPAUSE, TROPOPAUSE
In what layer of Earth's atmosphere do most meteors experience the most heating?
MESOSPHERE
What is the MOST common organic molecule in the atmosphere of the planet Uranus?
METHANE (ACCEPT: CH4)
The precise measurements of Wilson and Penzias of cosmic background radiation was in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
MICROWAVE (ACCEPT: 7.35 CM)
What scale is based on the amount of vibration felt by people during low-magnitude earthquakes and the extent of building damage during high magnitude earthquakes?
MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE (ACCEPT: MERCALLI)
Launched by NASA in December of 1999 as part of the EOS Terra payload, what is the name of the instrument which provides high radiometric sensitivity that can study atmospheric, land, and ocean imaging in a single instrument that can also be custom tailored to the individual needs of the user?
MODIS (ACCEPT: MODERATE-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER)
The seismic discontinuity that marks the base of the crust of the Earth is known as the what?
MOHO (ACCEPT: M-DISCONTINUITY OR MOHOROIVICIC DISCONTINUITY)
What object in the night sky can reach a maximum apparent magnitude of negative 12.6?
MOON (ACCEPT: FULL MOON)
Où est ta gorge?
Ma gorge est sous ma tête
FEATHERS
Made up of barbs, calami, and shafts these are one of the most distinctive structures of the vertebrate class Aves.
0
Mary tried to lift her couch by exerting 500 newtons of force but it doesn't budge. If the couch weighed 2,000 newtons, how much work did she do?
Earth Science: Name all the terrestrial planets from the one that is CLOSEST to the Sun to the one that is FARTHEST to the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Life Science: What process involves a nucleated cell doubling its DNA and duplicating chromosomes so the cell can then divide and produce two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
W) SIX CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULES AND SIX WATER MOLECULES
Multiple Choice During photosynthesis, for every molecule of glucose that is made, how many molecules of carbon dioxide and water are consumed? W) six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules X) four carbon dioxide molecules and four water molecules Y) twelve carbon dioxide molecules and twelve water molecules Z) six carbon dioxide molecules and twelve water molecules
What are probably the only particles emitted by stellar cores without being influenced appreciably by the outermost layers of the stars, and are detected by an instrument in the Homestake gold mine?
NEUTRINOS
What kind of celestial bodies have cores that consist primarily of neutral particles in a superfluid state and are thought to have evolved from stars with masses more than about 1.4 times the Chandrasekhar limit?
NEUTRON STARS (DO NOT ACCEPT: PULSAR)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What gas is most directly responsible for the bends or decompression sickness that divers may experience?
NITROGEN (ACCEPT: N2)
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the proper name of the star that is most commonly noted to have coordinates closest to the north celestial pole?
NORTH STAR (ACCEPT: POLARIS or ALPHA URSA MINORIS)
What is the proper name of the star that is most commonly noted to have coordinates closest to the north celestial pole?
NORTH STAR (ACCEPT: POLARIS or ALPHA URSA MINORIS)
B
NUCLEAR ENERGY (1) What is a fission reaction? A. When two smaller atomic nuclei are brought together to produce energy B. Larger atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, producing energy C. The electrons of an atom collide to produce energy D. The neutrons of atoms collide to produce energy
B
NUCLEAR ENERGY (11) What is the initial form of energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel? A. Electricity B. Heat C. Hydroelectric D. Light
C
NUCLEAR ENERGY (12) Which of the following U.S. states do not have nuclear power plants? A. California, Washington, Texas, Illinois B. Georgia, Minnesota, Wisconsin, S. Carolina C. Nevada, Montana, Utah, Wyoming D. Arkansas, Virginia, Michigan, Alabama
B
NUCLEAR ENERGY (13) How often does a nuclear plant require new uranium fuel? A. every month B. every 18-24 months C. once a year D. weekly
C
NUCLEAR ENERGY (14) What is the most common use of radiation in medicine? A. Cancer treatment B. Radioactive tracers C. X-rays D. Dyes
E
NUCLEAR ENERGY (15) Radioactivity can be used to benefit humans by which of the following ways? A. Irradiation of food B. To combat cancerous tumors C. Illuminating dials, gauges, wristwatches D. To check for cracks and fractures in jet engines E. All choices are correct
D
NUCLEAR ENERGY (16) What % of Uranium in a nuclear fuel rod remains after one-time use in a reactor? A. 44% B. 63% C. 81% D. 96%
D
NUCLEAR ENERGY (17) Which of the following is a use of nuclear materials? A. Americium-241 in smoke detectors B. Californium-252 for inspecting airline luggage C. Krypton-85 to measure dust and pollutant levels D. All of the above
C
NUCLEAR ENERGY (18) In 1999 which of the following forms of energy produced the greatest amounts of carbon dioxide? A. Hydroelectric B. Natural gas C. Coal D. Nuclear power
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (19) What is the yearly occupational radiation exposure limit set by the federal nuclear regulatory commission? A. 5,000 millirem B. 7,000 millirem C. 1,000 millirem D. 500 millirem
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (2) How many operating Nuclear Energy power plants are in the U.S.? A. 104 B. 441 C. 10 D. 60
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (20) One ton of uranium-238 has the energy equivalent of how much coal? A. 20,000 tons B. 100 tons C. 50,000 tons D. 4 tons
E
NUCLEAR ENERGY (21) Through 14 transformations, uranium-238 decays into A. Protactinium-234 B. Radon-222 C. Bismuth-210 D. Lead-214 E. Lead-206
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (23) How much radiation is the average American exposed to per year from all sources? A. 620 millirems B. 39 millirems C. 360 millirems D. 100 millirems
E
NUCLEAR ENERGY (24) Which of the following causes radiation exposure to humans? A. Eating food B. Rocks and soils C. Inhalation and skin absorption D. Indoor air E. All of the above
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (4) Which country generates the largest percentage of its electricity from Nuclear Energy? A. France B. Germany C. United States D. Sweden E. Russia
D
NUCLEAR ENERGY (5) What is an alpha particle? A. an electron B. a hydrogen atom C. a gamma ray D. a helium nucleus
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (6) What is a beta particle? A. an electron B. a neutron C. a gamma ray D. a helium nucleus
B
NUCLEAR ENERGY (7) Which of the following requires the most shielding? A. a beta particle B. a gamma ray C. an alpha particle D. visible light
B
NUCLEAR ENERGY (8) Currently, where is spent fuel from United States Nuclear Energy power plants stored? A. At Yucca Mountain, Nevada B. At the nuclear power plant C. Deep underground D. Top secret government agencies
D
NUCLEAR ENERGY (9) How many households does a single 1,000 megawatt reactor provide electricity for? A. 10,000 to 50,000 B. 50,000-200,000 C. 200,000-600,000 D. 600,000-1,000,00
mach and knots
Name all of the following 3 choices that are measurements units for speed: mach; newton; knots
HECTARE; ACRE
Name all of the following 4 choices that are measurement units of area: meter; hectare; acre; mile
equilibrium
Net force = 0
Physical Science: What metric unit is most appropriate for weight?
Newton
Force measured in
Newtons
Using the most common temperature-based spectral classification system, a star with an apparent color of blue and a surface temperature of 55,000 kelvin would have what spectral letter classification?
O
CHEMISTRY Short Answer In general, metals are relatively hard except for what group of metals in the Periodic Table?
ONE (ACCEPT: GROUP 1A or ALKALI METALS)
Put the following parts of an ecosystem in order from smallest to largest: biome, community, population, ecosystem, organism, species.
ORGANISM, SPECIES, POPULATION, COMMUNITY, ECOSYSTEM, BIOME
Motion definition
Object's position in relativity to reference point
Reference point
Objects used to show motion of a second object
Law of Electric Charge
Opposites attract and like charges repel
Y) THE MOVEMENT OF WATER THROUGH A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
Osmosis is: W) the movement of water through a permeable membrane X) the movement of salts through a semi-permeable membrane Y) the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane Z) the pressure exerted by water through a semi-permeable membrane
Which body wave can travel at the greatest velocity of all the seismic waves?
P-WAVES (ACCEPT: PRIMARY WAVE OR COMPRESSION/EXPANSION WAVES)
In the geological time scale, the Devonian Period belongs to which Era?
PALEOZOIC
In North America, what is typically the most spectacular meteor shower in the month of August?
PERSEIDS
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the biological term most often used for the act of a cell engulfing a particle by extending its pseudopodia (read as: SU-doe-POH-dee-ah) around the particle?
PHAGOCYTOSIS
BIOLOGY Short Answer Name all of the following 3 processes that do NOT occur in E. coli: glycolysis; photosynthesis; glycogenolysis (read as: GLYKO-jen-oh-LY-sis)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
BIOLOGY Short Answer Using the traditional system of classification, when organisms belong to the same class, name all of the following 4 taxonomic categories to which they must also belong: order; family; phylum; kingdom
PHYLUM; KINGDOM
Z) LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A person applies for a patent on an engine that is 100% efficient. This application would be rejected because the engine would violate the: W) Law of conservation of momentum X) Law of friction Y) Law of gravity Z) Laws of thermodynamics
X) THE RED BALL FLOATS AND THE YELLOW BALL SINKS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A red ball has a mass of 2 grams and a volume of 8 cubic centimeters. A yellow ball has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters. When both balls are placed into a bucket of water, which of the following is true? W) The yellow ball floats and the red ball sinks X) The red ball floats and the yellow ball sinks Y) Both the red and yellow ball float Z) Both the red and yellow ball sink
W) 18 hundred
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Imagine if you could weigh electrons and protons on a simple balance. How many electrons do you need to balance a single proton? W) 18 hundred X) 18 thousand Y) 18 million Z) More than a billion
Y) THE KILOGRAM
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the metric unit for mass? W) The pound X) Stones Y) The kilogram Z) The micron
Z) 4 KILOGRAMS OF IRON
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following has the most inertia: W) 1 kilogram of iron X) 2 kilograms of flour Y) 5 newtons of iron Z) 4 kilograms of iron
Z) ALL OXYGEN MOLECULES HAVE 8 NEUTRONS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true: W) compounds have atoms from more than one element X) atoms can bond together to make molecules Y) all helium atoms have one more proton than all hydrogen atoms Z) all oxygen molecules have 8 neutrons
X) THEY ARE HIGHLY COMPRESSIBLE
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is TRUE of gases: W) they have a definite shape X) they are highly compressible Y) they behave like a fluid Z) their particles are in uniform motion
Y) AS MORE PIGMENTS ARE MIXED, THE DARKER THE RESULTING MIXTURE BECOMES
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is TRUE regarding mixing pigments: W) violet is typically considered a primary color for pigments X) only primary pigment colors can be mixed to give other colors Y) as more pigments are mixed, the darker the resulting mixture becomes Z) magenta and cyan are complementary pigment colors
X) BURNING LAMP OIL
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a chemical reaction? W) Evaporating rubbing alcohol X) Burning lamp oil Y) Dissolving table salt in water Z) Forming frost
X) FRICTION
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following most directly contributes to the actual mechanical advantage always being less than the ideal mechanical advantage: W) the basic design of any machine X) friction Y) how simple machines are combined Z) the input distance always being less than the output distance
Y) THE OBJECT WILL ACCELERATE
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following will occur when an unbalanced force acts on an object: W) the object will stop X) the object will lose heat Y) the object will accelerate Z) the object will melt
15
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A car is traveling at a constant speed of 20 kilometers per hour on a long straight road. How many minutes will it take to travel a distance of 5 kilometers?
2.5
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A yellow ball has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters. What is the density of the yellow ball in grams per cubic centimeter?
IT IS CRUSHED (ACCEPT: COLLAPSED OR ANY OTHER REASONABLE SYNONYM)
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer An empty plastic soda bottle is closed tightly at an elevation of 10,000 feet elevation and brought back to sea level. What is the visible condition of the bottle?
4
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Consider a lever with an ideal mechanical advantage of 8. What will its mechanical advantage be if the effort arm length is reduced by ½?
CENTRIPETAL
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Consider a yo-yo swinging on the end of a string in uniform circular motion. What is the most accurate term for the center-seeking force exerted on the yo-yo through the string?
6
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many valence electrons are in an oxygen atom, which resides in group 16 or 6A of the Periodic Table?
27
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If the angle of incidence for a beam of light on a mirror is 27 degrees, what is the angle of reflection, in degrees?
VISCOSITY
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Molasses flows more slowly than water. What is the most common scientific term for the ability of different substances to flow more or less freely?
LEVER; RAMP
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name all of the following 3 choices that a physicist would consider to be simple machines: bicycle; lever; ramp
ELECTRONS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer The exchange or sharing of what atomic particle is most directly involved in chemical bonding?
ANSWER: GRAVITY; ELECTROMAGNETISM; STRONG (FORCE); WEAK (FORCE) (ACCEPT: GRAVITATION or GRAVITATIONAL FOR GRAVITY)
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What are the four basic forces of the universe?
Red
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What color will a red colored object appear to a human if it is illuminated by a red light?
NEWTON
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the SI unit of force?
0.2 (Solution: 50/250 = 0.2 km/hr/sec)
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the average acceleration, in kilometers per hour per second to the first decimal place, of a bird flying in a straight path from 0 to 50 kilometers per hour in 4 minutes and 10.0 seconds?
1
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the mass, in grams to the nearest whole number, of one cubic centimeter of pure water at standard temperature and pressure?
POTENTIAL
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common term for the energy an object has because of its position or configuration?
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (ACCEPT: ACTUAL MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE)
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common term for the ratio of the output force to the input force of a simple machine?
GRAVITY
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which one of the four basic forces of the universe is most directly involved with maintaining the planets in their orbits?
What is the oldest Eon on the Geological Time Scale within which the first organisms appeared between 550 million and 3.4 billion years ago?
PRECAMBRIAN
What astronomical instrument, used to determine the position of celestial bodies, uses light in parallel rays falling on a mercury surface, which then pass through a prism and into a telescope?
PRISMATIC ASTROLABE (ACCEPT: ASTROLABE OR IMPERSONAL ASTROLABE)
What type of fog frequently forms in valleys when the wind is light and the ground cools until the dew point is reached?
RADIATION FOG (ACCEPT: RADIATION or RADIATIONAL) (Solution: brought about by radiational cooling)
Of the 3 basic types of magma on Earth, which one generally has the LOWEST eruptive temperature?
RHYOLITIC (ACCEPT: RHYOLITE) (Solution: basaltic ~ 1000º - 1200ºC, andesitic ~ 800º - 1000ºC, rhyolitic ~ 650º - 800ºC)
What is the most common astronomical term for the angle analogous to geographical longitude?
RIGHT ASCENSION (ACCEPT: ASCENSION)
What is the form of frost in which a thick coating of ice crystals builds upon leaves, twigs and fences as is often seen at the tops of snow-covered mountain peaks?
RIME ICE (ACCEPT: RIME OR HOAR FROST)
What is a Robonaut?
ROBOTIC ASTRONAUT
Coefficient
Ratio based on the 2 substances in contact with each other
13
Rounded to the nearest meter, find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle if the legs measure 5 and 12 meters?
As of the summer of 2001, what planet was shown to have the most known moons orbiting it in our solar system?
SATURN
Cassini's division is associated with what planet?
SATURN
Of the following 5 planets, name all that can be in opposition to the Sun: Venus, Saturn, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter
SATURN, MARS, AND JUPITER (Accept in any order) (Solution: Only superior planets can be in opposition)
On a weather map, what type of frontal boundary is represented by alternating blue and red lines with blue triangles pointing toward the warmer air and red semicircles pointing toward the colder air?
STATIONARY (ACCEPT: STATIONARY FRONTAL BOUNDARY or STATIONARY FRONT)
What law states that the total amount of energy radiated per unit time from the surface of a body is related to the fourth power of its temperature?
STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW (ACCEPT: STEFAN'S LAW)
The branch of geology that deals with the study of the origin, composition, distribution, and ordering of layered sedimentary rocks is called what?
STRATIGRAPHY
Name all of the following 4 layers of the atmosphere where temperature typically increases as altitude increases: troposphere; stratosphere; mesosphere; thermosphere
STRATOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE
As a comet approaches the Sun, most of its icy substances are released during what phase change process?
SUBLIMATION
A circle with a dot in the center is most commonly the astronomer's symbol for what?
SUN
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What star has the greatest apparent magnitude?
SUN
What star has the greatest apparent magnitude?
SUN
Choosing from noon, sunset, midnight or sunrise, at what time of the day does a new Moon rise for an observer at mid-northern latitudes in September?
SUNRISE
Rank the following stars from that with the shortest lifespan to that with the longest lifespan: red dwarf, supergiant, main sequence.
SUPERGIANT, MAIN SEQUENCE, RED DWARF
What is the term for wave activity between the line of breakers and the shore, produced as an ocean wave steepens and falls forward?
SURF
Phytoplankton, like other single celled organisms, are limited in how large they can grow. What geometric relationship describes this limitation?
SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO
What kind of map shows soils, alluvium, and glacial deposits, distinguished on the basis of particle size, texture, and composition?
SURFICIAL
What is the name for the common ocean waves that are not driven by the wind but sustained by the energy they obtained by the sea?
SWELL(S)
Cnidaria, Anthozoa
Sea Anemones and Coral
Phylum Annelida
Segmented Worms
Physical Science: Silicon dioxide is made of what two elements?
Silicon and Oxygen
Earth Science: Which 2 of the following 5 are most abundant in the Earth's crust: Iron, Nickel, Carbon, Silicon, Oxygen
Silicon and Oxygen (or vice versa)
Guanta
Smallest unit of charge
Mollusca, Gastropoda
Snails, Slugs
4 Fundamental Forces
Strong Nuclear Force Electromagnetic Weak Nuclear Force Gravity
Other than precipitation, what is the most important factor defining a biome?
TEMPERATURE
What is the most common term for the apparent dividing line between night and day on the Moon?
TERMINATOR
ASTRONOMY Short Answer The Sagittarius Arm is part of what galaxy?
THE MILKY WAY
The Sagittarius Arm is part of what galaxy?
THE MILKY WAY
What celestial phenomenon most directly causes a comet's tail to point away from the Sun?
THE SOLAR WIND
What is the most common term for the imaginary band on either side of the ecliptic where the path of the Sun, Moon, and planets are generally found?
THE ZODIAC
What is the most common name for the temperature-slope or depth interval over which temperature changes with depth in a lake?
THERMOCLINE
What is the term for a tidally generated wave that propagates up a relatively shallow and sloping estuary or river in a solitary wave form, the leading edge of which presents an abrupt rise in level?
TIDAL BORE (ACCEPT: BORE)
Name all of the following 4 choices that would typically be considered to supply electromotive force: transformers; generators; batteries; conductors
TRANSFORMERS; GENERATORS; BATTERIES (ACCEPT: ALL BUT CONDUCTORS)
Platyhelminthes, Cestoidea
Tapeworms
X) WATER
The hydrologic cycle describes the circulation of Earth's: W) tides X) water Y) sediments Z) rocks
Cnidaria, Scyphozoa
True Jellyfish
Choosing from upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right, where on the HR diagram would a blue Supergiant be found?
UPPER LEFT
If a star has a surface temperature of 3,000 degrees kelvin, a core temperature of 100 million Kelvin, and a luminosity of 2,000-times our Sun, choosing from upper right, upper left, lower left, and lower right, where on an H-R diagram would it most likely be found?
UPPER RIGHT (Solution: this describes a red giant)
Although you might expect this planet to be visible to the unaided eye because of its maximum apparent magnitude value of about +5.8, what planet is unlikely to be seen by most stargazers since it requires nearly ideal viewing conditions?
URANUS
Which one of the Gas Giant planets emits the LEAST amount of energy?
URANUS
Which planet is 14.5 times the Earth's mass, has a rotational rate of 17.2 hours, and a year length of 84 Earth years?
URANUS
In what constellation is the star Polaris found?
URSA MINOR (DO NOT ACCEPT: LITTLE DIPPER)
The Earth's tilt wobbles over a period of approximately 26,000 years. In 10,000 to 13,000 years, what bright star will the axis point to next?
VEGA
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What planet is known to be most like Earth in size and density?
VENUS
What planet is known to be most like Earth in size and density?
VENUS
What is the name for a lunar ditch where molten lava once flowed?
VOLCANIC RILLE
General Science: What planet in our Solar System is about the same size as the Earth, is tectonically active, and has a thick atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide?
Venus
Final velocity equation
Vf=Vi+at
Which of the following is the expression that defines the hyperbolic sine function: W) (e^x − e^−x)/2 X) (e^x + e−x^)/2 Y) 2/(e^x + e^-x) Z) 2/( e^x − e^−x)
W) (e^x − e^−x)/2
Which of the following best approximates the relative humidity in the stratosphere: W) 1% X) 10% Y) 35% Z) 50%
W) 1%
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice A lightning bolt is seen and its accompanying thunder is heard 15 seconds later. This means the storm is most likely how many miles away: W) 3 X) 6 Y) 9 Z) 15
W) 3
In which of the following latitudes would you expect belts of high pressure to typically develop: W) 30° North X) 0° Y) 50° North Z) 60° South
W) 30° NORTH
According to the Continental Drift Theory, Australia remained attached to Antarctica until the 2 entities drifted apart about how many million years ago: W) 80 X) 120 Y) 250 Z) 350
W) 80
Math: Which of the following is closest in value to the number 10- W) 9.995 X) 10.01 Y) 9.99 Z) 10.05
W) 9.995
Which of the following is NOT classified as a low-level cloud: W) altostratus X) nimbostratus Y) stratocumulus Z) stratus
W) ALTOSTRATUS
A sharp ridge of erosion-resistant rock formed between adjacent cirque glaciers, often forming a saw-toothed mountain ridge is known as: W) arête X) scree Y) levee Z) moraine
W) ARÊTE
How were the rings of the planet Uranus discovered: W) astronomers in 1977 noticed stars were occulted by Uranus before the planet passed in front of them and reappeared afterwards X) the Magellan 1 space probe took pictures of them Y) the Hubble space telescope detected them with its infrared detector Z) the rings are made of gases with certain signatures revealed in absorption spectra
W) ASTRONOMERS IN 1977 NOTICED STARS WERE OCCULTED BY URANUS BEFORE THE PLANET PASSED IN FRONT OF THEM AND REAPPEARED AFTERWARDS
Hawaiian volcanoes such as Kilauea and Mauna Loa are examples of which of the following types of volcanoes: W) basaltic X) rhyolitic Y) andesitic Z) andesitic and rhyolitic
W) BASALTIC
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice An aqueous solution in which the concentration of OH- ions is greater than that of H+ ions is: W) basic X) acidic Y) neutral Z) in equilibrium
W) BASIC
Which of the following minerals occurs in small amounts in many igneous rocks, is black and shiny, often occurs in small hexagonal blocks, and is soft with good cleavage: W) biotite X) olivine Y) plagioclase Z) quartz
W) BIOTITE
Which of the following geological periods is oldest? W) Cambrian X) Cretaceous Y) Tertiary Z) Devonian
W) CAMBRIAN
Which of the following is believed to be the most likely composition of cosmic dust: W) carbonaceous, silicate or iron-bearing materials with some frozen gases X) hydrogen, helium and lithium crystals Y) thorium, uranium and lead particles from dead stars Z) pure ice crystals with small amounts of ionized hydrogen
W) CARBONACEOUS, SILICATE OR IRON-BEARING MATERIALS WITH SOME FROZEN GASES
Which of the following minerals could be mined to create electrical wiring? W) Chalcopyrite (read as: kahl-koh-PY-ryt) X) Limestone Y) Galena (read as: gah-LEE-nah) Z) Gypsum
W) CHALCOPYRITE
As an airmass ascends into the atmosphere, its water vapor capacity changes, causing which of the following? W) Cloud formation and possible precipitation X) Evaporation and drying Y) Snow Z) Hurricane conditions
W) CLOUD FORMATION AND POSSIBLE PRECIPITATION
PHYSICS Multiple Choice A constant force acting on a body experiencing no change in its environment will give the body: W) constant acceleration X) constant speed Y) constant velocity Z) zero acceleration
W) CONSTANT ACCELERATION
Which of the following was a time when glaciation was minimal on Earth: W) Cretaceous Period X) Quaternary Period Y) Holocene Epoch Z) Pleistocene Epoch
W) CRETACEOUS PERIOD
Earth Science: A high-pressure weather system is typically associated with which of the following conditions- W) Cool with high, thin clouds X) Cool with nimbostratus clouds Y) Warm with moderate overcast Z) Warm with cumulonimbus clouds
W) Cool with high, thin clouds
Of which of the following is the Hubble Law most directly a consequence: W) Doppler shift X) Kirchoff's second law Y) Kepler's second law Z) Drake's equation
W) DOPPLER SHIFT
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Human epidermis is mostly composed of which of the following basic animal tissues types: W) epithelial X) connective Y) nervous Z) muscle
W) EPITHELIAL
The principle constituent of most granites is: W) feldspar X) muscovite Y) calcite Z) dolomite
W) FELDSPAR
The principle constituent of most granites is: W) feldspar X) muscovite Y) calcite Z) dolomite
W) FELDSPAR
Which of the following is a long, narrow, steep-sided arm of the sea, usually formed by entrance of the sea into a deep glacial trough: W) fjord (pronounced: fee-ord) X) moraine Y) delta Z) alluvial fan
W) FJORD
Which of the following organisms eventually sediments onto the ocean seafloor as a calcareous ooze: W) foraminifera X) radiolarians Y) diatoms Z) fish scales
W) FORAMINIFERA
Astronomers will often refer to certain stars as low metal content stars. In this sense astronomers consider metals as any element: W) heavier than helium X) heavier than carbon Y) heavier than copper Z) heavier than iron
W) HEAVIER THAN HELIUM
Trilobites are index fossils that lived: W) in warm, ocean waters X) during the Achaean geological time Y) in desert environments Z) in lakes, rivers and streams
W) IN WARM, OCEAN WATERS
Most astrophysicists believe that the universe is: W) isotropic and homogeneous X) isotropic and non-homogeneous Y) anistotropic and homogeneous Z) anisotropic and non-homogeneous
W) ISOTROPIC AND HOMOGENEOUS
Which of the following BEST explains why Mono Lake in California is hypersaline: W) it has no outlet and a high evaporation rate X) it is subject to extreme saltwater intrusion emanating from a vast system of underground aquifers Y) it is underlain by massive salt domes formed 250 million years ago Z) it has been subjected to periodic eruptions of volcanic ash
W) IT HAS NO OUTLET AND A HIGH EVAPORATION RATE
Which of the following is FALSE about the Coriolis Effect: W) it is an apparent force due to the precession of the Earth X) it is an apparent force due to the rotation of the Earth Y) it causes winds in the Northern Hemisphere to be deflected to the right Z) it causes winds in the Southern Hemisphere to be deflected to the left
W) IT IS AN APPARENT FORCE DUE TO THE PRECESSION OF THE EARTH
Which of the following is NOT true of Kepler's works in astronomy: W) Kepler gathered most of his data from his monitoring of the planets with a quadrant X) Kepler very seldom observed the planets and looked through a telescope only a few times in his life Y) many of Kepler's computations were based on data gathered by Tycho Brahe Z) Kepler assumed planetary motion was not circular
W) KEPLER GATHERED MOST OF HIS DATA FROM HIS MONITORING OF THE PLANETS WITH A QUADRANT
Which of the following most directly addresses that a gas of low density, when excited, will emit light of a certain wavelength: W) Kirchhoff's second law X) Bode's second law Y) Wien's law Z) Balmer's law
W) KIRCHHOFF'S SECOND LAW
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the terrestrial planets: W) low average density X) closely spaced orbits Y) craters in old surfaces Z) very few moons
W) LOW AVERAGE DENSITY
Which of the following is commonly accepted as the engine that most directly drives plate tectonic motion: W) mantle convection X) volcanic off-gassing Y) a molten iron core Z) gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun
W) MANTLE CONVECTION
Olympus Mons, one of the largest volcanoes in our solar system, is located on which planet: W) Mars X) Venus Y) Titan Z) Callisto
W) MARS
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of physical and chemical weathering? W) Mass wasting X) Glaciation Y) Frost wedging Z) Groundwater
W) MASS WASTING
A bolometer (pronounced: bowl-O-meter) is used to: W) measure the energy output of the Sun X) measure the length of a bowling alley Y) measure the size of celestial bodies Z) standardize the azimuth of a sextant
W) MEASURE THE ENERGY OUTPUT OF THE SUN
Where is the youngest ocean floor found? W) Mid-ocean ridges X) Subduction zones Y) Top of Himalayas Z) The abyssal plains
W) MID-OCEAN RIDGES
A first quarter Moon will cross the meridian at what time of the day or night: W) midnight X) sunrise Y) sunset Z) noon
W) MIDNIGHT
Which of the following is NOT true: W) Mount Everest is a volcanic mountain X) shield volcanoes have surface slopes of only a few degrees Y) the depression on the top of a typical composite volcano is known as a crater Z) Mount Kilimanjaro is a stratovolcano
W) MOUNT EVEREST IS A VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN
Portions of the Ogallala aquifer are located under: W) Nebraska X) the San Jaoquin valley Y) Arizona Z) Florida
W) NEBRASKA
Which of the following planets has the longest year? W) Neptune X) Mars Y) Earth Z) Mercury
W) NEPTUNE
Which soil horizon is likely to have the most organic material? W) O X) A Y) C Z) B
W) O
Which of the following atmospheric gases is created naturally by the action of sunlight on molecular oxygen: W) ozone X) carbon monoxide Y) nitrous oxide Z) methane
W) OZONE
Cleavage is caused by a mineral's crystal lattice having: W) planes that contain relatively fewer or weaker chemical bonds X) planes that contain relatively more numerous or stronger chemical bonds Y) planes that contain many hydrogen bonds Z) planes that contain only covalent chemical bonds
W) PLANES THAT CONTAIN RELATIVELY FEWER OR WEAKER CHEMICAL BONDS
Which of the following minerals has a hardness of 7, often has good crystal shape with 6 sides, varies from colorless to white, pink, purple and several other colors, and exhibits conchoidal fracture: W) quartz X) diamond Y) pyroxene Z) olivine
W) QUARTZ
Which of the following both have very similar chemical compositions but exhibit different colors: W) ruby and sapphire X) opal and pearl Y) diamond and quartz Z) amber and citrine
W) RUBY AND SAPPHIRE
General Science: A recent 375-million year old fossil discovered in the upper reaches of Canada had many unusual features including a flat head with eyes on top and overlapping ribs. This was a major discovery because it is believed this- W) Represents a missing link between fish and land vertebrates X) Was the first juvenile Tyrannosaurus ever found in Canada Y) Was an amphibian bird from the Cretaceous Period Z) Supports vertebrate evolving on land rather than at sea
W) Represents a missing link between fish and land vertebrates
The earth's outer core is interpreted to be liquid because: W) S-waves don't travel through liquid X) S-waves are faster than P-waves Y) S-waves don't travel through gases Z) P-waves don't travel through liquids
W) S-WAVES DON'T TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUID
What scale is used to classify the strength of hurricanes based on its greatest wind speed: W) Saffir-Simpson X) Beaufort Y) Modified Mercalli Z) Fujita
W) SAFFIR-SIMPSON
Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding earthquakes: W) scientists agree that mega-quakes of magnitude 10 are very likely in the near future X) the world's greatest earthquake zone is the circum-Pacific seismic belt Y) Alaska has the greatest number of earthquakes in the U.S. Z) deep earthquakes are much less likely to be followed by aftershocks than shallow earthquakes
W) SCIENTISTS AGREE THAT MEGA-QUAKES OF MAGNITUDE 10 ARE LIKELY IN THE NEAR FUTURE
In which of the following sedimentary environments would a dominantly organic sedimentary rock most likely be formed? W) Shallow marine X) Deep ocean Y) Wind-blown desert Z) Glacial outwash plain
W) SHALLOW MARINE
When spreading centers reach above the ocean's surface, they typically form which of the following types of volcanoes: W) shield X) composite Y) stratovolcano Z) cinder cone
W) SHIELD
When spreading centers reach above the ocean's surface, they typically form which of the following types of volcanoes: W) shield X) composite Y) stratovolcano Z) cinder cone
W) SHIELD
The Sahara desert in Africa is an example of what type of desert: W) subtropical X) continental Y) rainshadow Z) coastal
W) SUBTROPICAL
When geologists find pillow basalts in ancient rock sequences, which of the following BEST explains their presence: W) the area was once underwater X) volcanic bombs and lapilli landed on snow or ice and quickly cooled Y) they hardened in mid-air, sometimes forming a tear-drop shape Z) nearby volcanoes erupted enormous quantities of ash
W) THE AREA WAS ONCE UNDERWATER
What property of diatoms make them useful as climate proxies? W) The chemical makeup of their shells reflects the water chemistry at their time of formation X) The narrow temperature range in which they exist makes them markers for paleo0ocean temperatures Y) Their well-preserved digestive system provide ample evidence for ancient food webs Z) Their limited diversity and low adaptability make them key indicators of specific aquatic environments
W) THE CHEMICAL MAKEUP OF THEIR SHELLS REFLECTS THE WATER CHEMISTRY AT THEIR TIME OF FORMATION
Which of the following is responsible for the changing of the seasons: W) the Earth's axis is not perpendicular to the ecliptic X) the Earth's orbit is elliptical Y) the Earth's axis precesses Z) the Sun moves through space
W) THE EARTH'S AXIS IS NOT PERPENDICULAR TO THE ECLIPTIC
If you could shrink the Earth to a quarter its present diameter while maintaining its mass, by what factor would the escape velocity change? W) the escape velocity would be doubled X) the escape velocity would be four times larger Y) the escape velocity would remain unchanged Z) the escape velocity would be reduced by half
W) THE ESCAPE VELOCITY WOULD BE DOUBLED (Solution: escape velocity ~ (M/R)1/2; Ve = √2GM/r)
Which of the following happens to the shells of snails and limpets as seawater becomes increasingly acidic: W) they begin to dissolve X) they become thicker Y) they develop much later in the organism's life Z) they become darker
W) THEY BEGIN TO DISSOLVE
Which of the following descriptions is NOT true of eskers: W) they were formed above glaciers by the widening of crevasses X) they are low, steep-sided ridges of sand and gravel Y) deposits were laid down by running water Z) their deposits are roughly sorted and bedded
W) THEY WERE FORMED ABOVE GLACIERS BY THE WIDENING OF CREVASSES
Waves of energy that come from an earthquake: W) Travel through and along the surface of the earth X) Can be felt at every single point on the surface of the earth Y) Travel only along the surface of the earth Z) Are unrelated to movements of magma beneath the surface
W) TRAVEL THROUGH AND ALONG THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
General Science: In which of the following biomes will there be trees whose leaves change color in autumn, fall off in winter, and grow back in spring- W) Temperate deciduous forest X) Rainforest Y) Coniferous forest Z) Scrubland
W) Temperate deciduous forest
Which of the following are thought to form the mantle of the Earth: W) ultramafic rocks X) felsic rocks Y) silicic rocks Z) mafic rocks
W) ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS
Distinctly and finely stratified layers of silt and clay deposited in lakes of glacial origin are known as: W) varves X) moraines Y) drumlins Z) eskers
W) VARVES
Which of the following planets is NOT known to have any orbiting satellites: W) Venus X) Mars Y) Uranus Z) Saturn
W) VENUS
The geology of the surface of Venus appears to be dominated by: W) volcanoes X) plate tectonics Y) erosion by flowing water Z) old impact craters
W) VOLCANOES
In the oceans, waves and surf currents are generated by: W) wind X) El-Nino Y) salinity and temperature gradients Z) the Intertropical Convergence Zone
W) WIND
Aeolian sandstones are produced primarily by sand grain motion as a result of: W) river currents X) ocean currents Y) glacial transports Z) winds
W) WINDS
Tree growth is often very stunted and gnarly at the tree line of high mountains in North America. Known as Krummholz formations, this is primarily caused by: W) winds X) subsidence Y) lowered atmospheric pressure Z) low sunlight levels
W) WINDS
Cepheid variables are a large and important group of: W) yellow giants and super giants X) red giants Y) blue giants Z) pulsating quasars
W) YELLOW GIANTS AND SUPER GIANTS
The BEST explanation of why population I (read as: one) stars have a higher proportion of elements heavier than helium than population II ( read as: two) stars, is because Population I stars are: W) younger than population II stars X) older than population II stars Y) usually closer to planetary nebula than population II stars Z) often found near H-I (read as: H, one) regions
W) YOUNGER THAN POPULATION II STARS
Earth Science: Which of the following sea creatures is LEAST likely to be living in the intertidal shore along the state of Maine's rocky coast- W) Zebra Mussel X) Barnacle Y) Anemone Z) Limpet
W) Zebra Mussel
Which of the following BEST describes an air mass that originates in northern Mexico, moves into the Great Plains and stagnates, resulting in severe drought: W) continental tropical X) continental polar Y) maritime tropical Z) maritime polar
W) continental tropical
In which of the following locations would there typically be more Population Two stars than Population One stars: W) in globular clusters X) in spiral arms of galaxies Y) in planetary nebula Z) in regions actively forming stars
W) in globular clusters
Which of the following is TRUE of red supergiants: W) some form Cepheid variables X) most end as nova stars Y) most have luminosities about 10 to 100 times that of our Sun Z) most have surface temperatures at least 2-times that of our Sun
W) some form Cepheid variables
Which of the following BEST describes where the zodiacal light is brightest to a stargazer at mid-northern latitudes: W) within about 20 degrees of the ecliptic X) at the western horizon at sunrise Y) at right angles to the Milky Way Z) parallel with the Milky Way
W) within about 20 degrees of the ecliptic
Formula for work
W=Fd
Land is to tornadoes as the ocean is to what?
WATERSPOUTS
Containing roughly ten times more gas than Earth's, why does Titan's atmosphere extend some ten times farther into space than does our own?
WEAKER GRAVITATIONAL PULL (ACCEPT: SMALLER MASS)
C
WIND ENERGY (1) One Megawatt of Wind Energy can supply how many households with electricity? A. 50-00 B. 100-200 C. 200-300 D. 400-500
C
WIND ENERGY (10) Which of the following is considered a negative impact of large windmills to generate electricity? A. Some people consider them an eyesore B. They can harm birds C. Noise Pollution D. All of the above
A
WIND ENERGY (11) In 2005, U.S Wind Energy systems, generated enough electricity to serve how many homes? A. 1.6 million B. 25,000 C. 350,000 D. 2.7 billion
E
WIND ENERGY (12) Wind Energy in the U.S., generates what percentage of its electricity? A. 100 B. 20 C. 50 D. 15 E. <5
A
WIND ENERGY (13) What is an advantage of wind energy? A. Wind energy is a clean fuel, producing no air or water pollution B. Wind energy is perfectly consistent C. Wind energy can be produced in all location D. All of the above
B
WIND ENERGY (14) What is a disadvantage to Wind Energy? A. Wind energy requires the burning of fuels, resulting in pollution B. Wind turbines don't produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rain or greenhouse gases C. Wind machines may have a negative effect on wild bird populations D. all of the above
C
WIND ENERGY (16) In 2008, how many states in the United States had wind machines generating electricity? A. 5-10 B. 20-30 C. 30-40 D. 40-45
D
WIND ENERGY (18) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a horizontal-axis wind machine? A. The machine's blades, spanning 200 ft. across, catch the wind and spin B. An internal generator changes the mechanical motion into electricity C. A cable transmits electricity to a transmission line D. The blades are controlled randomly by the wind changes
C
WIND ENERGY (19) Which of the following is NOT a type of wind machine in use today? A. Horizontal-axis B. Vertical-axis C. Wind Amplified System of Pressure (WASP) D. Wind Amplified Rotor Platform (WARP)
B
WIND ENERGY (2) Which U.S. state is the leader in Wind Energy power? A. Vermont B. California C. Arizona D. Utah E. Texas
A
WIND ENERGY (20) The earliest known windmills were located where? A. Persia B. Macchu Picchu C. Stonehenge D. Egypt
A
WIND ENERGY (21) Where is the world's largest wind power plant? A. Texas B. Amsterdam C. California D. Hamburg
D
WIND ENERGY (22) What is a factor that makes a location desirable to wind plant owners when choosing a site to build a wind plant? A. Locations where the wind blows frequently and with speed B. The tops of smooth, rounded hills C. Open plains or shorelines D. All of the above
A
WIND ENERGY (23) What causes wind? A. Uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun B. Many birds flapping their wings simultaneously C. Solar flares D. Earth's electromagnetic field
D
WIND ENERGY (24) For early American colonists, what purpose did windmills serve? A. Pumping water B. Cutting wood at sawmills C. Grinding grains D. All of the above
B
WIND ENERGY (3) Why are many of the U.S. coasts ideal locations for Wind Energy? A. Because the wind blows harder there B. Because the wind constantly blows there C. Because there is more land available along coasts D. Because wind mills attract more tourists to coastal areas
D
WIND ENERGY (4) The world's largest wind farm is located in which U.S. state? A. California B. Arizona C. New Hampshire D. Texas E. New York
C
WIND ENERGY (5) 42 wind turbines can generate enough electricity to power the electricity needs for how many homes? A. 5 million B. 10,000 C. 230,000 D. 127,000
A
WIND ENERGY (6) Which of the following locations are not suitable as Wind Energy sites? A. At the base of a mountain range B. Open plains or shorelines C. Tops of tall rounded mountains or hills D. Shorelines and mountain gaps that produce wind funneling
D
WIND ENERGY (7) The U.S. ranks 3rd in the world for Wind Energy. Which two countries produce more electricity from Wind Energy? A. India and Spain B. Russia and China C. Norway and Indonesia D. Germany and Spain
B
WIND ENERGY (8) Wind Energy in Denmark generates what % of its electricity? A. 100 B. 20 C. 50 D. 45 E. 15
C
WIND ENERGY (9) Which five U.S. states lead the nation in Wind Energy? A. Utah, Texas, Arizona, California, Michigan B. Texas, Oklahoma, Iowa, Kansas, Colorado C. California, Texas, Iowa, Minnesota, Oklahoma D. New York, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Ohio
According to Kepler's second Law of planetary motion, in which season in North America does the Earth currently move the fastest in its orbit about the Sun?
WINTER
Physical Science: What is the only common substance on Earth that exists naturally in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states?
Water
Power unit
Watts-kg mˆ2/sˆ3
HEAT AND PRESSURE
What are the 2 main factors causing the metamorphism of rocks?
electron
What atomic particle balances the charge of protons to produce a neutral atom?
LATITUDE
What general term describes the angle or degree north or south of the equator?
CELL
What is generally considered the basic unit of life?
meter
What is the SI base unit for length?
H2O2
What is the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide?
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
What is the common name for the antiseptic, found in many homes, that decomposes into water and oxygen?
6π
What is the exact circumference, in centimeters, of a circle whose radius is 3 centimeters?
tides
What is the general name for the rising and falling of sea levels in response to the forces exerted by the Moon and Sun?
LONGITUDES
What is the name for all Great Circles that pass through the north and south poles?
radius
What is the name for any segment with one endpoint at the center of a circle and the other endpoint on the circle?
FERMENTATION
What is the name for the biochemical process that converts grape juice into wine or soy beans into soy sauce?
basalt
What is the name of the rock that makes up most of the ocean floor and volcanic ocean islands?
hemoglobin
What is the primary oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells?
ALBUMEN
What is the scientific name for the white of a cooked egg?
Comment vous appelez-vous?
What is your name? (formal)
nucleus
What organelle functions to isolate a human cell's chromosomes from the cytoplasm?
liquid
What physical state of matter is intermediate between a solid and gas?
ENZYMES
What term is generally used for biological catalysts?
Comment tu t'appelles?
What's your name? (informal)
Fluid Friction
When one of the substances is a fluid
X) THE BOTTOM OF THE MENISCUS
When reading the level of a fluid in a graduated cylinder, what part of the meniscus is lined up with the graduations to give an accurate reading of the volume? W) the top of the meniscus X) the bottom of the meniscus Y) the middle of the meniscus Z) the side of the meniscus
Imperfect
When some kinetic energy is transformed into sound, thermal, or other energy
Où avez-vous mal? (meaning)
Where does it hurt? (formal)
Où as-tu mal? (meaning)
Where does it hurt? (informal)
Y) VENTRICULAR
Which is not a basic muscle type in the human body? W) smooth X) skeletal Y) ventricular Z) cardiac
Jupiter
Which of the Gas giant planets is closest to the Sun?
W) STATIONARY
Which of the following BEST describes the term static: W) stationary X) low Y) constant Z) used
W) LUNG
Which of the following accounts for the largest increase in cancer death rate in the USA between the years 1900 and 1990: W) lung X) breast Y) colon Z) stomach
X) A GROUP OF PROTEINS MADE BY PLASMA CELLS IN RESPONSE TO A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE
Which of the following best describes antibodies: W) a class of polysaccharides involved in the immune system X) a group of proteins made by plasma cells in response to a foreign substance Y) small bodies of insects that look like ants Z) a class of genes produced by the immune system to fight disease
Z) MACROPHAGES
Which of the following cells would typically be capable of the greatest amount of phagocytosis w) plasma cells X) lymphocytes Y) mast cells Z) macrophages
Y) CIRRUS
Which of the following clouds has little vertical development: W) altostratus X) altocumulus Y) cirrus Z) nimbostratus
W) DNA SYNTHESIS
Which of the following does NOT occur in mitosis: W) DNA synthesis X) sets of sister chromatids line up singly Y) sister chromatids separate as the centromere divides Z) spindle fibers help in the movement of chromosomes
Z) INFLUENZA
Which of the following infectious diseases cannot be cured with current antibiotics: W) strep throat X) toxic shock syndrome Y) scarlet fever Z) influenza
Z) ANABAENA
Which of the following is NOT a protist? W) Paramecium X) Euglena Y) Amoeba Z) Anabaena ( AN-ah-BEEN-ah)
Y) CROSSING OVER
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of mitosis: W) chromosomes line up on an equatorial plate X) occurs in somatic cells Y) crossing over Z) preceded by the disappearance of the nuclear membrane
W) ALL THE DNA IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL IS CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEUS
Which of the following is NOT true: W) all the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is contained in the nucleus X) chiasma are a method of genetic interchromasomal exchange Y) in deuterostomes, the blastopore forms the anus Z) in lower plants the sporophyte is parasitic upon the gametophyte
Z) MOST OF THE DNA DOES NOT CODE FOR PROTEINS
Which of the following is TRUE about a typical liver cell: W) most genes are arranged in operon-like clusters X) it has very few mitochondria Y) most genes are transcribed continuously Z) most of the DNA does not code for proteins
Z) CHELICERAE
Which of the following is a feeding structure in arachnids: W) dentipalps X) radula Y) proboscis Z) chelicerae (PRONOUNCED Chill-iss-er-ah)
Y) Zea maize
Which of the following is a monocot: W) Acer rubrum X) Quercus rubra Y) Zea maize Z) Echinacea angustifolia
Z) LICE
Which of the following is an ectoparasite: W) tape worm X) malaria Y) pinworm Z) lice
Y) PINEAPPLE
Which of the following is an example of a multiple fruit? W) pear X) grape Y) pineapple Z) orange
Z) IT REDUCES THE POPULATION OF BACTERIA BY HEATING BUT NOT BOILING THE MILK
Which of the following is most accurate about the pasteurization of milk: W) it makes milk taste better X) it kills all bacteria by sterilizing the milk Y) it lowers the milk's pH Z) it reduces the population of bacteria by heating but not boiling the milk
X) IT IS SEMI-PERMEABLE AND MADE MOSTLY OF PROTEINS IN A LIPID BILAYER
Which of the following is the best description of a cell membrane also known as the plasma membrane? W) it is permeable and made of mostly proteins X) it is semi-permeable and made mostly of proteins in a lipid bilayer Y) it is impermeable and made up mostly of lipids Z) it is a fluid mosaic composed of a protein bilayer
Y) INSULIN
Which of the following is the hormone produced by the human body to control blood sugar and when not produced in sufficient amounts is the cause of some forms of diabetes: W) hemoglobin X) pituitary hormone Y) insulin Z) testosterone
Z) NUCLEOLUS
Which of the following is the most specific place where the subunits of ribosomes are made in eukaryotes? W) nucleus X) endoplasmic reticulum Y) mitochondria Z) nucleolus
Y) SUN DEW
Which of the following plants traps and digests insects: W) begonia X) bird of paradise Y) sun dew Z) lady's slipper
vector
With magnitude and direction
General Science: Which of the following metric masses are NOT equal- W) 1000 milligrams = 1 gram X) 100 milligrams = 1 centigram Y) 100 decigrams = 1 decagram Z) 100 grams = 1 hectogram
X) 100 milligrams = 1 centigram
A rising parcel of air reaches the lifting condensation level at 2,000 meters at a dew point temperature of 15ºC. At 3,000 meters, the temperature of this parcel of air will on average be: W) 15ºC X) 10ºC Y) 6ºC Z) 3ºC
X) 10ºC (Solution: wet-adiabatic lapse rate ~ 5ºC/1000 meters)
Neglecting any amplification effects that might be produced by shoreline irregularities, what is the tallest wave-height that can reasonably be created by an earthquake-generated tsunami: W) 3 meters X) 15 meters Y) 75 meters Z) 150 meters
X) 15 METERS
Many of the driest locales on Earth are situated between which of the following latitudes: W) 0º to 15º X) 15º to 30º Y) 30º to 45º Z) 45º to 60º
X) 15º to 30º
Most terrestrial plants grow best in soil with a pH range of: W) 4.5 to 5.5 X) 6.0 to 7.0 Y) 7.0 to 8.0 Z) 7.5 to 8.5
X) 6.0 to 7.0
About how many years ago is it thought that the dominant ice-age cycle changed from 40,000 year periods to 100,000 year intervals with very large fluctuation: W) 200,000 - 400,000 X) 600,000 - 800,000 Y) 2 million - 2.5 million Z) 4 million - 4.5 million
X) 600,000 - 800,000
Approximately what percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean? W) 50% X) 70% Y) 90% Z) 99%
X) 70%
In geologic mapping, the angular difference between dip and strike is: W) 45° X) 90° Y) 180° Z) 360°
X) 90°
Which of the following types of magma would LEAST likely be involved in a nonexplosive volcanic eruption: W) basaltic magma X) a relatively viscous magma Y) a relatively low silica content magma Z) a relatively high-temperature magma
X) A RELATIVELY VISCOUS MAGMA
In the soil profile, which horizon is know as the zone of accumulation: W) A-horizon X) B-horizon Y) O-horizon Z) E-horizon
X) B-HORIZON
A compressional tectonic environment can result in all of the following, except: W) Folded mountains X) Basin and range Y) Volcanoes Z) Reverse faults
X) BASIN AND RANGE
Which of the following are intrusive masses of igneous rock that extend downward to unknown depths and do not show signs of a definite floor: W) laccolith X) batholith Y) sill Z) volcanic neck
X) BATHOLITH
Which of the following constellations can be seen highest in the November sky of the northern hemisphere? W) Orion X) Cassiopeia Y) Mensa Z) Cancer
X) CASSIOPEIA
NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which reached lunar orbit in June of 2009, has gathered digital information about the moon. Which of the following has NOT been observed by LRO? W) The far side of the moon is rougher and has more craters than the near side X) Cliffs in the lunar crust indicate that the moon has expanded in the recent past Y) Astronaut landing sites Z) Lunar rilles, which look like river channels
X) CLIFFS IN THE LUNAR CRUST INDICATE THAT THE MOON HAS EXPANDED IN THE RECENT PAST
The abyssal plain of the Atlantic ocean lies directly adjacent to the: W) continental slope X) continental rise Y) continental shelf Z) continental crust
X) CONTINENTAL RISE
Two common igneous rocks derived from andesitic magma are: W) andesite and alkali basalt X) diorite and andesite Y) komatite and rhyolite Z) rhyolite and kimberlite
X) DIORITE AND ANDESITE
Boundaries that form where lithospheric plates are breaking apart to move away from each other are called: W) transform boundaries X) divergent margin boundaries Y) suture zone boundaries Z) subduction boundaries
X) DIVERGENT MARGIN BOUNDARIES
In the general Circulation of the atmosphere, what is the name given to the middle latitude cell marked by sinking motion near 30° and rising motion near 60° latitude: W) Polar cell X) Ferrel cell Y) Hadley cell Z) Rossby cell
X) FERREL CELL
Trellis drainage patterns are most likely to form on: W) coastal plains X) folded terrains Y) glacial outwash Z) permafrost
X) FOLDED TERRAINS
Which of the following is NOT true about the Sun? W) It vibrates in multiple modes like a bell that is repeatedly struck X) Gas near the Sun's higher latitudes rotate more quickly than gas near its equator Y) It contains about 99% of the mass in the solar system Z) It is magnetic
X) GAS NEAR THE SUN'S HIGHER LATITUDES ROTATE MORE QUICKLY THAN GAS NEAR ITS EQUATOR
Which of the following best explains why eliminating one trophic level in an ecosystem often results in a decrease in organisms two trophic levels down? W) Abundance of prey in the eliminated trophic level X) Increased predation by organisms one trophic level down Y) Increased predation by organisms two trophic levels down Z) Increased predator diversity
X) INCREASED PREDATION BY ORGANISMS ONE TROPHIC LEVEL DOWN
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Mary and Joe are on a merry-go-round. Mary is seated near the center of rotation and Joe is on the outer edge. Which of the following BEST describes their motion: W) Mary has a greater acceleration than Joe X) Joe has a greater acceleration than Mary Y) neither Mary nor Joe are accelerating Z) both Mary and Joe have the same acceleration
X) JOE HAS A GREATER ACCELERATION THAN MARY
Earth Science: In a 24 hour period, when does the coldest temperature of the day typically occur- W) At midnight X) Just after sunrise Y) Just after sunset Z) Between 3 and 4 AM
X) Just after sunrise
Cape Dennison in Antarctica holds the world's record for the highest annual average wind speeds owing to: W) Chinook winds X) katabatic winds Y) Hadley cell circulation Z) Ekman spirals
X) KATABATIC WINDS
Which of the following is the single most important factor that generally sets a northern limit to tree growth, such as in the areas of transition between taiga and tundra in Alaska: W) high-winter winds X) lack of summer warmth Y) lack of spring moisture Z) lack of soil nutrients
X) LACK OF SUMMER WARMTH
Which of the following is a characteristic of an intrusive, igneous rock? W) Vesicles X) Large interlocking crystals Y) Tightly compressed grains of sand Z) Glassy luster
X) LARGE INTERLOCKING CRYSTALS
Which of the following are likely to form in the crater of a stratovolcano following a catastrophic eruption, such as what happened several times in Mount Saint Helens: W) cinder cones X) lava domes Y) flood basalts Z) spatter cones
X) LAVA DOMES
Refracting telescopes always contain which of the following: W) mirrors X) lenses Y) television systems Z) film
X) LENSES
Isostatic rebound following the end of the most recent ice age caused which of the following? W) Localized sea level rise X) Localized sea level drop Y) Mountain formation in the eastern part of the U.S. Z) Volcanism in Southern Mexico
X) LOCALIZED SEA LEVEL DROP
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of the Jovian planets: W) high axial spin rates X) low mean density Y) retrograde orbits Z) prominent layer of liquid-metallic hydrogen
X) LOW MEAN DENSITY
In which of the following illustrative techniques would sunspots occur nearer the solar equator as the cycle of sunspot activity progresses: W) Kirkwood's chart X) Maunder's diagram Y) Hubble's chart Z) HR diagram
X) MAUNDER'S DIAGRAM
Meteorologists think of wind as circulation patterns which are divided into 4 "scales of motion". A land-breeze circulation is grouped into which of the following categories: W) mesoscale X) microscale Y) medium scale Z) synoptic
X) MICROSCALE
In which of the following lakes in North America would you typically find a thriving community of halophiles and alkaliphiles: W) Lake Michigan X) Mono Lake, California Y) Great Slave Lake, Canada Z) Lake Powell, Utah/Arizona
X) MONO LAKE, CALIFORNIA
Which of the following processes would most likely lead to the formation of a metamorphic rock? W) Precipitate forming at the bottom of the oceans X) Mountain building Y) High speed ejection from a cone Z) Crystals cooling from magma
X) MOUNTAIN BUILDING
The Earth's greenhouse effect is primarily caused by which of the following: W) incoming solar ultraviolet light is absorbed by the ozone layer X) outgoing infrared solar radiation is trapped by the lower atmosphere Y) incoming infrared solar radiation is trapped by the magnetic field Z) outgoing X-rays are absorbed by the troposphere and reflected to the Earth's surface
X) OUTGOING INFRARED SOLAR RADIATION IS TRAPPED BY THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE
Which of the following is a foliated metamorphic rock composed of very fine-grained mica: W) marble X) phyllite Y) quartzite Z) schist
X) PHYLLITE (Solution: marble = non-foliated; quartzite = non-foliated; schist = well-developed foliation)
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice The overall charge at the top and bottom, respectively, of a towering cumulonimbus cloud during a thunderstorm is: W) positive, positive X) positive, negative Y) negative, positive Z) negative, negative
X) POSITIVE, NEGATIVE
The overall charge at the top and bottom, respectively, of a towering cumulonimbus cloud during a thunderstorm is: W) positive, positive X) positive, negative Y) negative, positive Z) negative, negative
X) POSITIVE, NEGATIVE
Which of the following types of rock is likely to cap a layer of rock rich in oil? W) Sandstone X) Shale Y) Slate Z) Granite
X) SHALE
Which of the following is the most common location of young blue and white stars in a spiral galaxy: W) halo X) spiral arms Y) nucleus Z) throughout the entire galaxy
X) SPIRAL ARMS
One important difference between spiral and elliptical galaxies is that: W) spiral galaxies contain Population II stars X) spiral galaxies contain clouds of gas and are still forming stars Y) spiral galaxies contain a massive black hole Z) spiral galaxies are formed by a more rapid accumulation of mass
X) SPIRAL GALAXIES CONTAIN CLOUDS OF GAS AND ARE STILL FORMING STARS
Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate: W) solar eclipses are less common than lunar eclipses X) stars that begin their lives with greater mass have longer life-spans Y) stars in the same constellation are not necessarily at the same distance from Earth Z) M-31 is a galaxy
X) STARS THAT BEGIN THEIR LIVES WITH GREATER MASS HAVE LONGER LIFE-SPANS
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the suffix 'lith': W) outside X) stone Y) side Z) surface
X) STONE
Which of the following is a space observatory, launched in 2004 through the combined effort of Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States, for the detection and study of gamma-ray bursts: W) SOHO X) SWIFT Y) MOC Z) international GRB
X) SWIFT
Which of the following BEST explains why gravitational acceleration on Earth varies from one place to another: W) the Sun's gravitational pull varies irregularly X) the Earth is not a uniform sphere Y) the Moon and the Sun exert a complex combination of gravitational pulls on the Earth Z) the changing angular momentum of the Earth varies during its yearly orbit
X) THE EARTH IS NOT A UNIFORM SPHERE
The ecliptic is: W) the line that divides the sky into the northern half and the southern half X) the Sun's apparent path across the celestial sphere Y) the point directly overhead Z) the line on the celestial sphere directly above the celestial equator
X) THE SUN'S APPARENT PATH ACROSS THE CELESTIAL SPHERE
Which of the following BEST determines the maximum height of open ocean waves and is the point where breaking white caps form in a fully developed sea: W) the cohesive forces in water molecules are overcome and the waves break apart X) the waves are losing as much energy as breaking white caps as they are receiving from the wind Y) the trough moves a little bit faster than the crest and the wave becomes unstable Z) the waves have reached a maximum period
X) THE WAVES ARE LOSING AS MUCH ENERGY AS BREAKING WHITE CAPS AS THEY ARE RECEIVING FROM THE WIND
Which of the following statements is true about the Andes mountains? W) They are folded mountains X) They are volcanic mountains Y) They are near a spreading center Z) They are found along a transform boundary
X) THEY ARE VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS
Why did ancient Greek astronomers ascribe the term "planet" to certain celestial objects? W) they shined very brightly X) they wandered in their paths through the heavens Y) they were believed to be the home of the gods Z) they did not twinkle
X) THEY WANDERED IN THEIR PATHS THROUGH THE HEAVENS
BIOLOGY Multiple Choice If a plant had a taproot, it would also most likely have: W) parallel leaf venation X) two cotyledons in its seedling stage Y) diffusely arranged vascular bundles in its stem Z) no stomata on the upper surfaces of its leaves
X) TWO COTYLEDONS IN ITS SEEDLING STAGE
Life Science: Which of the following is the most basic function of human eyelashes- W) To shade the eye from the bright sun X) To prevent small particles from entering the eye Y) To attract a mate Z) To help disperse tears when blinking
X) To prevent small particles from entering the eyes
Which of the following is best used to date the age of the Earth to about 4.5 billion years old: W) uranium-235 X) uranium-238 Y) potassium-40 Z) carbon-14
X) URANIUM-238
The combination of lingering air and abundance of particulates and other pollutants in the air over cities produces what is commonly known as the: W) urban depletion area X) urban dust dome Y) urban frontal zone Z) urban overcast zone
X) URBAN DUST DOME
Closely spaced isobars on a weather map most directly indicate which of the following weather-related events: W) calm conditions X) windy conditions Y) a gentle pressure gradient Z) torrential rainfall
X) WINDY CONDITIONS
Which of the following soil additives would be most efficient at increasing the acidity of a slightly alkaline soil: W) ground chalk X) aluminum sulfate Y) calcium sulfate Z) calcium carbonate
X) aluminum sulfate
According to the discontinuous side of Bowen's reaction series, which of the following is likely to first crystallize as basaltic magma cools: W) quartz X) olivine Y) pyroxene Z) hornblende
X) olivine
When sampling for organic matter in seawater, any organic matter retained by a 0.2 micrometer pore filter is classified as: W) dissolved organic carbon X) particulate organic carbon Y) detrital organic carbon Z) live or dead marine algae
X) particulate organic carbon
Which of the following BEST describes a small lake in an arctic environment that is likely to be surrounded by a ring of so-called drunken trees leaning toward the lake: W) paternoster lake X) thermokarst Y) tarn Z) fen
X) thermokarst
What kind of minerals do copper ores tend to be? W) Native element X) Carbonate and sulfide Y) Oxide and phosphate Z) Hydrocarbon and halide
X)CARBONATE AND SULFIDE
A number of "8" on the Beaufort Scale indicates a wind speed of: W) 7 - 10 knots X) 17 - 21 knots Y) 34 - 40 knots Z) 40 - 64 knots
Y) 34 - 40 KNOTS
Which of the following is closest to the age of most chondrites: W) 150 million years X) 1.5 billion years Y) 4.6 billion years Z) 13.7 billion years
Y) 4.6 BILLION YEARS (Solution: most are about the same age as our solar system)
The tectonic environment of Iceland is: W) A subduction zone X) Folded mountains Y) A mid-ocean ridge Z) A mid-plate hot spot
Y) A MID-OCEAN RIDGE
Which of the following is LEAST accurate: W) most stars visible to the unaided eye are part of the Milky Way galaxy X) there are 88 constellations officially recognized by the IAU Y) a red supergiant has a hotter surface than our Sun Z) the constellation Leo is located within 9º of the ecliptic
Y) A RED SUPERGIANT HAS A HOTTER SURFACE THAN OUR SUN
At which of the following locations would Betelgeuse most likely be found by a stargazer at mid-northern latitudes during January at about midnight: W) at the beginning of the handle of the big dipper X) at the zenith near the star Vega Y) about 10º north of Orion's belt in the southern sky Z) in the northern sky just above the star Capella
Y) ABOUT 10º NORTH OF ORION'S BELT IN THE SOUTHERN SKY
Which of the following is generally NOT true of the alpine versus arctic tundra biomes: W) alpine tundra does not contain permafrost whereas arctic tundra does contain permafrost X) alpine tundra is warmer and has a longer growing season than arctic tundra Y) alpine tundra has a lower species diversity than arctic tundra Z) alpine tundra has less severe winters than arctic tundra
Y) ALPINE TUNDRA HAS A LOWER SPECIES DIVERSITY THAN ARCTIC TUNDRA
Which of the following make up approximately 80% of all magma erupted by volcanoes on Earth: W) andesitic X) rhyolitic Y) basaltic Z) andesitic and rhyolitic
Y) BASALTIC (Solution: andesitic and rhyolitic 10% each)
The lunar maria are: W) composed of granite X) less than one billion years old Y) between three and four billion years old Z) older than the lunar highlands
Y) BETWEEN THREE AND FOUR BILLION YEARS OLD
Which of the following marine environments has the fewest trophic levels? W) Coastal Arctic X) Subtropical gyre Y) Coastal Antarctic Z) Peruvian upwelling zone
Y) COASTAL ANTARCTIC
The temperature of a star can be estimated most directly from its: W) distance X) elemental makeup Y) color Z) density
Y) COLOR
The Alpine-Himalayan mountain chain formed by: W) rifting X) transform faulting Y) continental collision Z) continent to ocean subduction
Y) CONTINENTAL COLLISION
Physical Science: Which of the following statements is TRUE- W) For a heavy element to be stable the number of protons typically equals the numbers of neutrons X) The faster a boiling uncovered pot of water boils the hotter the water becomes Y) Cellulose is an example of a natural polymer Z) The speed of light is always the same
Y) Cellulose is an example of a natural polymer
The salts and ions derived from the chemical weathering of rocks are carried by a stream are part of its: W) bed load X) suspended load Y) dissolved load Z) salt load
Y) DISSOLVED LOAD
Which of the following is NOT true of an El Nino: W) when an El Nino is present, fish are less abundant off the west coast of South America X) El Ninos typically come along every 4 to 5 years Y) during a peak El Nino, strong high pressure will be present in the eastern Pacific with lower pressure to the west Z) El Nino affects global weather patterns
Y) DURING A PEAK EL NINO, STRONG HIGH PRESSURE WILL BE PRESENT IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC WITH LOWER PRESSURE TO THE WEST (Solution: during peak strong high pressure is in the western Pacific with lower pressure to the east, setting up an easterly wind flow)
Which of the following best explains from where most of the dust that covers the surface of the Moon came: W) weathering when the Moon was young and had an atmosphere X) interstellar dust deposited over billions of years Y) from rock pulverized from many impacts Z) from its original makeup of a soft, silicate rock
Y) FROM ROCK PULVERIZED FROM MANY IMPACTS
Which of the following minerals is classified as a native element: W) gypsum X) quartz Y) graphite Z) clay
Y) GRAPHITE
Although the crystal habit of quartz is widely variable, its most common habit is: W) orthorhombic X) cubic Y) hexagonal Z) triclinic
Y) HEXAGONAL
In which of the following regions of the world's oceans are you most likely to find the greatest uniformity in density changes with increasing depth: W) equator X) tropics Y) high latitudes Z) desert latitudes
Y) HIGH LATITUDES (Solution: at high polar latitudes, change is nearly constant)
If the Earth were nonrotating, global wind circulation would most likely resemble: W) the doldrums X) huge circulatory convection cells paralleling lines of latitude Y) huge circulatory convection cells moving from the equator to the poles Z) global circulation would cease
Y) HUGE CIRCULATORY CONVECTION CELLS MOVING FROM THE EQUATOR TO THE POLES
CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice Which of the following is a metallic element, composes about 5% of the Earth's crust, oxidizes very easily, and when pure is a dark, silver-grey metal: W) cobalt X) nickel Y) iron Z) titanium
Y) IRON
Which of the following is NOT true of breccia rock: W) it is sedimentary X) its color is variable Y) its texture consists of rounded pebbles, cobbles and boulders Z) fragments may be any type of igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks
Y) ITS TEXTURE CONSISTS OF ROUNDED PEBBLES, COBBLES AND BOULDERS (Solution: constituent clasts are angular)
Earth Science: Which of the following does NOT satisfy the scientific definition of a mineral- W) It is always an inorganic substance X) It has a distinct chemical composition Y) It can be a solid or a molten substance Z) It must form by natural processes
Y) It can be a solid or a molten substance
Which of the following was seen from mid-northern latitudes by casual stargazers as a bright light in August of 2008 at midnight, about 1/2 way up the southern horizon: W) Venus X) Vega Y) Jupiter Z) Uranus
Y) JUPITER (Solution: Venus and Vega are not there at this time of year and Uranus is never that bright)
Which of the following eyepieces is a modified Ramsden eyepiece with an achromatic lens: W) Huygens X) orthoscopic Y) Kellner Z) Erfle
Y) KELLNER
Which of the following is known to have created one of the largest tsunamis, also known as a mega-tsunami: W) subterranean earthquakes X) suboceanic earthquakes Y) landslides Z) volcanic eruptions
Y) LANDSLIDES
Which of the following rocks is MOST porous: W) marble X) granite Y) limestone Z) slate
Y) LIMESTONE
If a star is seen just above the eastern horizon at sunset, where would it most likely be found just before the following sunrise: W) just above the eastern horizon X) half-way up in the eastern sky Y) low in the western sky Z) directly overhead
Y) LOW IN THE WESTERN SKY
What planet is usually obscured by the sun and never seen against a dark sky: W) Mars X) Venus Y) Mercury Z) Jupiter
Y) MERCURY
Which of the following units are typically used when measuring a star's lifespan? W) Months X) Thousands of years Y) Millions or billions of years Z) Light years
Y) MILLIONS OR BILLIONS OF YEARS
Which of the following is the most common type of ocean tide throughout the world and is the type found along the U.S. Pacific coast: W) diurnal X) semidiurnal Y) mixed Z) zonal
Y) MIXED
Which one of the following was NOT formed by the deposition of sediment by a glacial stream: W) outwash plain X) kame Y) moraine Z) esker
Y) MORAINE
A measure of how easily water flows through rock is called its: W) porosity X) aquifer system Y) permeability Z) zone of aeration
Y) PERMEABILITY
Panning is a simple mining technique that is used for extracting gold deposited in: W) banded gold formations X) evaporite deposits Y) placer deposits Z) lode deposits
Y) PLACER DEPOSITS
In Plate Tectonic theory, a transform fault is associated with: W) places where crust is being generated X) places where crust is being destroyed Y) places where crust is being neither generated nor destroyed Z) places where crust is being both generated and destroyed
Y) PLACES WHERE CRUST IS BEING NEITHER GENERATED NOR DESTROYED
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the modern theory of ice ages? W) The Earth wobbles on its axis X) The tilt of the Earth varies Y) Plate tectonics causes Earth's equator to change location Z) The Earth's orbit around the Sun varies
Y) PLATE TECTONICS CAUSE EARTH'S EQUATOR TO CHANGE LOCATION
Which of the following best describes glacial till: W) well sorted and stratified X) well sorted and poorly stratified Y) poorly stratified and poorly sorted Z) stratified and poorly sorted
Y) POORLY STRATIFIED AND POORLY SORTED
Destruction due to an earthquake does NOT vary because of: W) Rock type X) Amount of human infrastructure Y) Proximity to a volcano Z) Distance from the epicenter
Y) PROXIMITY TO A VOLCANO
Andesitic magmas typically erupt above: W) hot spots X) divergent plate boundaries Y) subduction zones Z) fissure eruptions
Y) SUBDUCTION ZONES
Also known as mock suns or parhelia, what is the name for a pair of brightly colored spots, one on either side of the sun, that are caused by sunlight passing through a thin layer of ice crystals: W) sun pillars X) cloud iridescence Y) sundogs Z) silver lining
Y) SUNDOGS
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Upon which of the following does the mass of a body MOST directly depend: W) its magnetic properties X) how much volume it has Y) the amount of matter it contains Z) its location
Y) THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IT CONTAINS
Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur when viewed from mid-northern latitudes in the month of August: W) Venus passing within 2º of Saturn X) Neptune at opposition Y) the Moon at apogee on the 1st of the month and perigee at the 29th of the month Z) the Moon passing within 5º of Uranus
Y) THE MOON AT APOGEE ON THE 1ST OF THE MONTH AND PERIGEE AT THE 29TH OF THE MONTH (Solution: apogee and perigee are separated by about 14-15 days)
Which of the following is NOT true of coronal mass ejections: W) they can lead to a loss in radio communications X) they can indirectly cause damage to electrical transformers Y) they typically will not damage space-based satellites Z) the next peak of ejections will likely be during the years 2010 to 2012
Y) THEY TYPICALLY WILL NOT DAMAGE SPACE-BASED SATELLITES
definite, shared crystallographic orientation, such crystals are referred to as being: W) polymorphs X) symmetrical Y) twinned Z) anhedral
Y) TWINNED
Earth Science: The size, shape, and arrangement of crystals or mineral grains in igneous rocks is called- W) Hardness X) Density Y) Texture Z) Streak
Y) Texture
A geologic map uses a combination of lines, symbols and colors to show the composition and structure of earth materials across and beneath the Earth's surface. Which of the following would NOT be included on a geologic bedrock map? W) Limestone X) Granite Y) Vertisols Z) Slate
Y) VERTISOLS
Which of the following is a ubiquitous trace mineral found in many igneous, metamorphic and clastic sedimentary rocks, and has been used to date Earth's oldest rocks at 4-plus billion years: W) titanite X) tremolite Y) zircon Z) beryl
Y) ZIRCON
Which of the following is a problem that affects most plants growing in very acidic soil: W) iron deficiency X) accumulation of excess salt in their foliage Y) aluminum toxicity to their roots Z) excess calcium and magnesium ion uptake
Y) aluminum toxicity to their roots
Which of the following is a coarse-grained igneous rock primarily containing plagioclase feldspar, amphibole and biotite: W) gabbro X) basalt Y) diorite Z) granite
Y) diorite
Which of the following would astronomers most likely consider emission nebula: W) Population III (read as: 3) regions X) Population II (read as: 2) regions Y) glowing H II (read as: H, 2) regions Z) active regions
Y) glowing H II (read as: H, 2) regions
Which of the following positions is an inferior planet most likely in if it is seen just after sunset: W) opposition X) superior conjunction Y) greatest eastern elongation Z) greatest western elongation
Y) greatest eastern elongation
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Hadley cell: W) it creates an area of high pressure along the equator X) it is an open ocean circulation at 30º north and south latitudes Y) it originates at the equator with strong solar heating Z) it is the only air circulation that is not affected by the Coriolis effect
Y) it originates at the equator with strong solar heating
During a Nor'easter, areas far to the east of the storm center will feel which of the following storm-generated winds: W) northeasterly X) southeasterly Y) southwesterly Z) northwesterly
Y) southwesterly
Which of the following is the BEST explanation for what causes zodiacal light: W) reflection of moonlight off the Earth's surface X) dispersion of the Earth's radiant heat off the troposphere Y) sunlight reflected off interplanetary dust particles Z) radiation from the Van Allen belts
Y) sunlight reflected off interplanetary dust particles
A wave base is defined as the depth below an ocean wave in deep water below which stirring due to wind is negligible, and is approximately equal to: W) 1/8th of its wavelength X) ¼ of its wavelength Y) ½ of its wavelength Z) ¾ of its wavelength
Y) ½ OF ITS WAVELENGTH
If the air temperature is 0ºF and the wind speed is 10 miles per hour, which of the following is closest to the wind chill, in degrees Fahrenheit: W) 10 X) 0 Y) -10 Z) -20
Z) -20
In what 5-year period did the U.S. experience the highest level of North Atlantic hurricane activity: W) 1970 - 1975 X) 1980 - 1985 Y) 1985 - 1990 Z) 1995 - 2000
Z) 1995 - 2000
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is LEAST accurate about minerals: W) calcite has a hardness of 3 on most of its surfaces but a hardness of 4 along the crystal face perpendicular to its long axis X) the Moh's scale measures the absolute hardness of minerals Y) a mineral's chemical composition largely determines its crystal shape and cleavage pattern Z) a mineral's color is the same as its streak
Z) A MINERAL'S COLOR IS THE SAME AS ITS STREAK
Which of the following is LEAST accurate about minerals: W) calcite has a hardness of 3 on most of its surfaces but a hardness of 4 along the crystal face perpendicular to its long axis X) the Moh's scale measures the absolute hardness of minerals Y) a mineral's chemical composition largely determines its crystal shape and cleavage pattern Z) a mineral's color is the same as its streak
Z) A MINERAL'S COLOR IS THE SAME AS ITS STREAK
The development of this is usually considered by anthropologists and sociologists the main prerequisite for an advanced social, economic and political structure: W) art X) technology Y) monetary system Z) agriculture
Z) AGRICULTURE
Which of the following surfaces would exhibit the highest albedo: W) bare rock X) an ocean at sunrise Y) an ocean at sunset Z) an ice field
Z) AN ICE FIELD
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of B-type stars like Rigel or Spica (read as: SPY-kah): W) very luminous X) apparent blue color Y) medium strength hydrogen spectral lines Z) average solar mass of about 3.2
Z) AVERAGE SOLAR MASS OF ABOUT 3.2 (Solution: solar mass of about 16-18)
Which of the following is a tree that is very well-adapted to surviving above shallow permafrost: W) cottonwood X) white pine Y) aspen Z) black spruce
Z) BLACK SPRUCE
Life Science: To which of the following categories of living organisms does E. coil belong- W) Viruses X) Protozoans Y) Fungi Z) Bacteria
Z) Bacteria
Which of the following is a fine-grained silica-rich sedimentary rock that is made primarily of microcrystalline quartz: W) shale X) potash Y) dolostone Z) chert
Z) CHERT
The Hawaiian Islands originated from magma: W) intruding along the boundary between two lithospheric plates X) formed within an island arc Y) injected along a mid-ocean fracture zone Z) coming from a hotspot within the mantle
Z) COMING FROM A HOTSPOT WITHIN THE MANTLE
Mount Vesuvius in Italy is a typical: W) mud volcano X) caldera Y) cinder cone Z) composite volcano
Z) COMPOSITE VOLCANO
Mount Vesuvius in Italy is a typical: W) mud volcano X) caldera Y) cinder cone Z) composite volcano
Z) COMPOSITE VOLCANO
On a topographical map, what are the lines drawn that connect points of the same elevation above or below mean sea level called: W) isobars X) ridges Y) isohyets Z) contours
Z) CONTOURS
In meteorology, a center where air spirals inward around a low-pressure center and designated on weather maps by the letter "L" is called: W) a center of divergence X) coriolis inversion Y) gradient wind Z) cyclonic flow
Z) CYCLONIC FLOW
From mid-northern latitudes, during which of the following months would the constellation Orion be most prominent in the southern sky at about 10 PM: W) April X) July Y) August Z) December
Z) DECEMBER
Most of the galaxies in the universe are classified as which of the following: W) spiral X) elliptical Y) irregular Z) dwarf
Z) DWARF
Which of the following types of moraines does NOT parallel ice flow: W) medial X) lateral Y) double lateral Z) end
Z) END
Which of the following is a medium or coarse-grained rock that consists primarily of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene and is essentially the plutonic equivalent of basalt: W) diorite X) rhyolite Y) andesite Z) gabbro
Z) GABBRO
What is the study of the size and shape of the Earth, the measurement of terrestrial gravitational forces, and the location of fixed points on the earth's surface: W) geography X) geology Y) geotropy Z) geodesy
Z) GEODESY
The governing factor that controls flow within the Hydrologic System is: W) humidity X) capillary pressure Y) vapor pressure Z) gravity
Z) GRAVITY
PHYSICS Multiple Choice Martin is swinging a yo-yo in a large room with a circular motion perpendicular to a level floor. If the yo-yo breaks away from its string at the top of the yo-yo's circular path, in what direction will the yo-yo initially move: W) at an angle between horizontal and vertical X) straight up, toward the ceiling Y) straight down, to the floor Z) horizontally, tangent to its original circular path
Z) HORIZONTALLY, TANGENT TO ITS ORIGINAL CIRCULAR PATH
Which of the following tectonic environments would lead to the formation of the most felsic, silica-rich magma? W) Subduction associated with the Andes Mountains X) East African Rift Valley Y) Volcanic island arc of Japan Z) Hot spot underneath Yellowstone
Z) HOT SPOT UNDERNEATH YELLOWSTONE
Halos and rings around the Moon in the night sky are most often caused by which of the following: W) nucleation particles in the stratosphere X) small water droplets in nimbostratus clouds Y) temperature inversions Z) ice crystals in cirrus clouds
Z) ICE CRYSTALS IN CIRRUS CLOUDS
The source of energy that drives a tsunami wave onto a shore originated: W) From the gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Moon X) Along the ocean floor Y) From tidal waves Z) In Earth's interior
Z) IN EARTH'S INTERIOR
Which of the following will NOT help crystallize magma? W) Cooling the liquid X) Increasing pressure Y) Removing water to raise the melting point Z) Increasing temperature
Z) INCREASING TEMPERATURE
Which of the following is not a valid water mass defined by a unique temperature and salinity signature? W) Antarctic bottom water X) North Atlantic deep water Y) Antarctic intermediate water Z) Indian Ocean deep water
Z) INDIAN OCEAN DEEP WATER
During which of the following orbital arrangements can a transit occur for the planet Venus: W) opposition X) greatest eastern elongation Y) superior conjunction Z) inferior conjunction
Z) INFERIOR CONJUNCTION
The luminosity of a star is most directly related to the star's: W) relative magnitude X) magnitude Y) distance from Earth Z) intrinsic brightness
Z) INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS
Approximately what percent of the water in the hydrosphere is groundwater: W) 10 X) 5 Y) 2.5 Z) less than 1
Z) LESS THAN 1
Consider two beaches, both with source material from the same granitic mountains. The beach located further from the mountains would have: W) Dark, more angular particles X) Dark, rounder particles Y) Pink, more poorly sorted sediments Z) Lighter-colored, more well-rounded, finer particles
Z) LIGHTER-COLORED, MORE WELL-ROUNDED, FINER PARTICLES
As the intensity of metamorphism increases, which of the following transformations occurs: W) granite to slate X) schist to slate Y) gneiss to quartzite Z) limestone to marble
Z) LIMESTONE TO MARBLE
Placodonts, which lived during the Triassic Period, were a group of: W) meat-eating land reptiles X) flying reptiles Y) small, lightweight, plant-eating reptiles Z) marine reptiles
Z) MARINE REPTILES
To a stargazer in Ohio, a star far enough south of the celestial equator to be circumpolar such as Miaplacidus is: W) only seen for about 6 hours X) only seen briefly for about half an hour on the horizon Y) only seen on the winter solstice Z) never seen
Z) NEVER SEEN
Which of the following cloud types is classified as a low cloud: W) altostratus X) cirrostratus Y) cumulonimbus Z) nimbostratus
Z) NIMBOSTRATUS
The Haber-Bosch process revolutionized agriculture by providing a cheap, easy method to make fertilizers of an element essential for plant growth. Which of the following is this essential element? W) Iron X) Potassium Y) Phosphorus Z) Nitrogen
Z) NITROGEN
Which of the following is NOT true: W) an eclipse of the Moon only occurs during a full Moon X) Mercury will appear to be in its full phase when it is farthest from Earth Y) an event horizon is associated with black holes Z) no more than 50% of the Moon's surface can be seen over any one year
Z) NO MORE THAN 50% OF THE MOON'S SURFACE CAN BE SEEN OVER ANY ONE YEAR (Solution: libration will allow more than 55% to be seen over a year)
Petroleum comes from: W) Accumulated carbon rich plant materials X) Dinosaur remains Y) Meteorite rocks that impacted the Earth millions of years ago found deep underground Z) Organic sediment transformed over time by bacteria, pressure, and temperature
Z) ORGANIC SEDIMENT TRANSFORMED OVER TIME BY BACTERIA, PRESSURE, AND TEMPERATURE
The angular distance of a star east of the Prime Meridian is most commonly referred to as the star's: W) deviation X) gnomon angle Y) zenith point Z) right ascension
Z) RIGHT ASCENSION
What shape do interstellar dust particles have since the light emitted by stars is dimmed and partially polarized: W) sphere X) cube Y) disk Z) rodlike
Z) RODLIKE
Which of the following is NOT true regarding seismic waves through the Earth: W) P-waves travel through the mantle X) S-waves travel through the mantle Y) P-waves travel through the outer core Z) S-waves travel through the outer core
Z) S-WAVES TRAVEL THROUGH THE OUTER CORE (Solution: S-waves cannot travel through liquids and the outer core is liquid)
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a sedimentary rock: W) slate X) marble Y) basalt Z) sandstone
Z) SANDSTONE
Which of the following are clastic in origin: W) chalk X) coal Y) gypsum Z) sandstone
Z) SANDSTONE
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock: W) slate X) marble Y) basalt Z) sandstone
Z) SANDSTONE
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral group found in the Earth's crust? W) Carbonates X) Oxides Y) Sulfides Z) Silicates
Z) SILICATES
When rain freezes into pellets while falling to the ground during a winter storm, the most accurate forecast would have predicted: W) hail X) snow Y) freezing rain Z) sleet
Z) SLEET
Which of the following distance-measuring techniques measures the farthest: W) radar ranging X) stellar parallax Y) variable stars Z) standard candle/Tully-Fisher relation
Z) STANDARD CANDLE/TULLY-FISHER RELATION
Which of the following types of volcanic eruptions is distinguished primarily by its eruption of basaltic and andesitic magma from its vent, producing incandescent bombs that fall near the vent, eventually building a small cone of tephra: W) Plinian X) Hawaiin Y) Pelean Z) Strombolian
Z) STROMBOLIAN
Which of the following would typically appear to be the farthest away from the ecliptic: W) the planet Mars X) the constellation Leo Y) the Sun Z) the constellation Cassiopeia
Z) THE CONSTELLATION CASSIOPEIA (Solution: planets, the Sun and zodiacal constellations are all near the ecliptic plane)
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true of what occurs during an equinox: W) equal length of day and night except at the poles X) the Earth is not tilted with respect to the ecliptic Y) the Sun is directly overhead at the equator Z) the Moon is directly overhead at the poles
Z) THE MOON IS DIRECTLY OVERHEAD AT THE POLES
Which of the following is NOT true of what occurs during an equinox: W) equal length of day and night except at the poles X) the Earth is not tilted with respect to the ecliptic Y) the Sun is directly overhead at the equator Z) the Moon is directly overhead at the poles
Z) THE MOON IS DIRECTLY OVERHEAD AT THE POLES
Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur for a stargazer observing from mid-northern latitudes during summer months: W) the planet Venus passing within a few degrees of the Moon a few hours after sunset X) the Moon at perigee Y) the planet Saturn passing with 5 degrees of the Moon Z) the planet Mercury within 10 degrees of the zenith
Z) THE PLANET MERCURY WITHIN 10 DEGREES OF THE ZENITH
Which of the following is NOT true: W) the star Sirius at its brightest has an apparent magnitude of about negative 1.5 X) metal-rich stars sometimes have planets Y) typical binoculars allow observation of stars with apparent magnitudes of about 9.0 Z) the Sun has an apparent magnitude of about negative 12
Z) THE SUN HAS AN APPARENT MAGNITUDE OF ABOUT NEGATIVE 12 (Solution: the Sun's apparent magnitude is -26.73)
Which of the following is NOT true: W) the core of a red supergiant is hotter than the core of a main sequence K-type star X) helium flash is something that occurs in red giant stars Y) the Pleiades is an open star cluster Z) there is more lithium than carbon in the universe
Z) THERE IS MORE LITHIUM THAN CARBON IN THE UNIVERSE
Which of the following is the most likely reason that the Pleiades stars were all formed together: W) they are all the same size, luminosity, and spectral class X) they all orbit a common larger neutron star Y) they are in the region of a black hole Z) they are all concentrated in a small region
Z) THEY ARE ALL CONCENTRATED IN A SMALL REGION
Which of the following is NOT true of basalt and gabbro: W) they formed from magma at the same temperature X) they are derived from basaltic magma Y) they formed from magma with the same silica content Z) they are both intrusive igneous rocks
Z) THEY ARE BOTH INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS (Solution: basalt = extrusive; gabbro = intrusive)
Which of the following is TRUE regarding thedevelopment of a hurricane: W) they develop in waters of at least 80°F at 0° latitude X) they develop in waters of at least 80°F between 20° and 40° latitude Y) a hurricane originating in the eastern tropical Atlantic is driven westward by westerly trade winds in the tropics Z) they develop in waters of at least 80°F between 5° and 20° latitude
Z) THEY DEVELOP IN WATERS OF AT LEAST 80°F BETWEEN 5° AND 20° LATITUDE
Which of the following is igneous and pyroclastic in nature, and is of variable composition: W) pumice X) obsidian Y) gabbro Z) tuff
Z) TUFF
Which of the following was NOT known to be a planet until 1781 AD: W) Saturn X) Venus Y) Mercury Z) Uranus
Z) URANUS
Scoria is most typically described as having which of the following textures: W) phaneritic X) fragmental Y) porphyritic Z) vesicular
Z) VESICULAR
Which of the following is closest to the range for the Balmer series: W) microwave X) infrared through UV Y) UV to soft x-ray Z) visible light to UV
Z) VISIBLE LIGHT TO UV
Which of the following best describes the luster of quartz: W) dull X) silky Y) metallic Z) vitreous
Z) VITREOUS
Which of the following types of plutons is a cylindrical conduit of igneous rock below a volcanic vent: W) laccolith X) dike Y) volcanic stock Z) volcanic pipe
Z) VOLCANIC PIPE
A high-energy river environment will most likely create which of the following deposits: W) Laminar silt beds X) Course-grained, angular cross bedding Y) Poorly sorted beds with no structure Z) Well rounded gravels
Z) WELL ROUNDED GRAVELS
Because of Earth's rotation and shape, ocean currents are intensified along which of the following borders of all oceans: W) northern X) southern Y) eastern Z) western
Z) WESTERN
Which of the following is NOT true about the Earth's troposphere: W) within the layer, temperature decreases with altitude X) it is terminated by the tropopause Y) it contains the jet stream Z) within the layer, temperature increases with altitude
Z) WITHIN THE LAYER, TEMPERATURE INCREASES WITH ALTITUDE
Life Science: An intracellular substance is so named because it is located in which of the following places- W) Inside and outside of cells X) Underneath cells Y) Outside of cells Z) Within cells
Z) Within cells
Which of the following is both fluorescent and radioactive: W) calcite X) halite Y) talc Z) zircon
Z) ZIRCON
A meromictic lake has layers of water that typically: W) intermix once a year X) intermix each spring and autumn Y) intrtmix only when the winds are favorable Z) do not intermix
Z) do not intermix
Which of the following best describes the hydrogen spectral line strength for an A-type star of about 3 solar masses: W) missing X) weak Y) medium Z) strong
Z) strong
MATH Short Answer Simplify the following expression, where a is not equal to zero if b = 0, -1 (a^b^2)(a^b)
a^b^2 +b
le bras
arm
la tante
aunt
le dos
back
derrière
behind
entre
between
Kinetic Friction
between moving surfaces (sliding)
Change the Gender: blanc
blanche
Change the Gender: bleu
bleue
bleue
blue (f)
bleu
blue (m)
le frère
brother
la fille
daughter, girl
Electromagnetic
does not require medium
Free body diagram
drawing all the forces acting on an object
l'oreille
ear
les oreilles
ears
Light energy
energy due to moving photons
Nuclear energy
energy stored in nucleus of an atom
à face de
facing
Balanced forces
forces add up to 0N
la petite-fille
granddaughter
le grand-père
grandfather
la grand-mère
grandmother
Examples of non contact forces
gravity, magnetic, electric forces
la main
hand
Y) HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
he wing of a bird and the arm of a human are considered: W) congruent structures X) analogous structures Y) homologous structures Z) vestigial structures
la tête
head
Il est cinq _____________
heures (5h00)
Wave speed
how fast wave is moving
Frequency
how many waves pass by /second ƒ Hz
le mari
husband
dans
in
devant
in front of
de l'après-midi
in the afternoon
When to use "vous"
informal, plural formal, singular formal, plural
When to use "tu"
informal, singular
Elastic Energy equation
kx²/2 k=spring constant x=distance pulled
Weight
measurement of the force of gravity acting on an object
Potential Energy
mgh
midi
midday
midnight
midnight
la mère
mother
Kinetic Energy equation
mv²/2
pres de
near
Unbalanced forces
net force does not equal 0
Resultant velocity
net total of velocities
la nièce
niece
atomic radius
one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
Period
opposite of frequency seconds/wave time for one wave to pass
ou
or
orange
orange (m/f)
Momentum Formula
p=mv
et quart
quarter after (and quarter)
moins le quart
quarter to (MINUS a QUARTer)
Power
rate at which work is done
Normal force
reaction to another force pushing on a surface. It is perpendicular to the surface and equal to the other force
Mechanical wave
requires medium
Slope equation
rise/run = y2-y1/x2-x1
Net force
sum of all forces acting on an object
les dents
teeth
la gorge
throat
l'oncle
uncle
sous
under
Average acceleration equation
vf-vi/t
General Science: Convert 300 milliliters into liters.
0.3
General Science: 10 kilowatts is equal to how many watts?
10,000
How long, in hours, is the night during the equinox?
12
D
61. The exchange of gases between blood and the tissue occurs normally in: A. venules B. arterioles C. veins D. capillaries
Answer: Endocardium
71. What is the name of the inner surface of the myocardium that is lined with a layer of endothelial cells?
Answer: Hypothalamus
72. Germs that cause fever usually act on this section of the brain, which is sometimes referred to as the body's thermostat:
ANSWER: ALLELES
82. Complete the sentence. The alternative forms of gene at the same locus on homologous chromosomes are called what?
A
85. The myofilaments of muscles consist primarily of two proteins. These two proteins are called: A. actin and myosin B. progesterone and testosterone C. progesterone and estrogen
ANSWER: ANEURYSM
86. In studies of the human body, what is used to describe a blood-filled sac formed by an outpouching in an arterial or venous wall?
Short Answer By name or number, indicate in which of the following three locations the deflection of wind due to the Coriolis effect is strongest: 1) the mid-latitudes, 2) the poles, or 3) the equator.
ANSWER: THE POLES (ACCEPT: 2)
How many milligrams are in one metric carat?
ANSWER: 200 MILLIGRAMS
Compounds of iodine are NOT used for which of the following? A. as a refrigerant B. in photographic film C. as an essential part of diet D. as an antiseptic
ANSWER: A -- AS A REFRIGERANT
Which halogen has the largest atomic radius:
ANSWER: ASTATINE
Which element is represented by the symbol B?
ANSWER: BORON
Which of the following describes the orientation of bonds in an sp3 hybridized atom? A. triagonal B. linear C. tetrahedral D. planar
ANSWER: C - TETRAHEDRAL
Which noble gas has the highest melting point ? A. argon B. krypton C. xenon D. radon
ANSWER: D - RADON
What is the name of the layer lying between the base of the Earth's lithosphere and a depth of about 2900 kilometers, where rock exists in a hot, weak, plasticlike form?
ASTHENOSPHERE
In the chemistry lab, for safety reasons, when a concentrated acid is mixed with water: A. the water is always added to the acid B. the acid is always added to the water C. these can only be mixed at cold temperatures D. these can never be mixed
Answer: B
A
BIOMASS ENERGY (19) What is used to make biodiesel? A. Vegetable oils and fats B. Alcohol products C. Grains such as wheat and rice D. All of the above
C
BIOMASS ENERGY (23) Which of the following is a term sometimes used for methane gas? A. Landfill gas B. Yellow gas C. Dead gas D. None of the above
What gas makes up most of the atmosphere of Mars?
CARBON DIOXIDE (ACCEPT: CO2)
Induction (charging method)
Charged object brought near a neutral object, then the 2nd object is polarized
µS
Coefficient of Friction
Longitude is to right ascension as latitude is to:
DECLINATION
VENUS
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer What terrestrial planet rotates in an opposite direction to the planet Earth?
3
Every triangle has how many vertices?
B
FOSSIL ENERGY (15) Oil is extracted from: A. Water B. Rocks C. Trees D. Ice
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Fg=G(m₁m₂/r²)
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Contact force
Force through direct contact between 2 objets
PHYSICS Short Answer What is the BEST term for the tendency of any mass at rest to remain at rest?
INERTIA
Arthropoda, Insecta
Insects
Mass SI unit
Kilogram
Z) OVARY
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following places would meiosis most likely occur in a mammal: W) skin X) liver Y) heart Z) ovary
TRACHEA
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the scientific name of the human windpipe?
What terrestrial planet has the longest sidereal period?
MARS
What planet is the most distant gas giant from the sun?
NEPTUNE
Giving your answer as morning, afternoon, evening, or night, when does most radiational cooling occur for any location in the U.S.?
NIGHT
C
NUCLEAR ENERGY (10) What is the initial fuel for nuclear reactors? A. Hydrogen atoms B. Potassium-16 C. Uranium-235 D. Carbon-14
C
NUCLEAR ENERGY (3) What % of the U.S. electricity is currently generated from Nuclear Energy? A. 60 B. 40 C. 20 D. <5
Force unit
Newton- kg m/sˆ2
FN
Normal force
W) PROTONS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Neutrons are approximately the mass of: W) Protons X) Positrons Y) Electrons Z) Neutrinos
PROTON(S)
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What nucleon balances the charge of electrons to give an atom a neutral state?
.3333
Rounded to the nearest ten-thousandth, convert 1/3 to a decimal
Time SI unit
Seconds
The aurora occur high in what layer of Earth's atmosphere?
THERMOSPHERE
Groundwater that is rich in calcium and magnesium bicarbonates is termed: W) hard water X) soft water Y) well water Z) recharge water
W) HARD WATER
Formula for power
W/t
W) PEDUNCLE
Which of the following is the correct botanical term for the stem of a flower: W) peduncle (pronounced: pea-done-kle) X) stolon Y) rhizome Z) tuber
Why is the Kepler telescope unique? W) It is pointed at one specific target X) It is focused on a large section of the sky Y) It is scanning the entire sky Z) It generates a small amount of data
X) IT IS FOCUSED ON A LARGE SECTION OF THE SKY
A clastic particle falling within the size range of 1/16th mm to 2 mm is called: W) silt X) sand Y) clay Z) pebble
X) SAND
Which star is the next nearest neighbor to the Sun beyond the Alpha Centauri system having the largest known proper motion of any star: W) Wolf 359 X) Sirius Y) Barnard's Star Z) 61 Cygni
Y) BARNARD'S STAR
Which of the following is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks: W) bedding X) fossils Y) foliation Z) ripple marks
Y) FOLIATION
Which of the following is the best way to get a good view of a meteor shower? W) Watch it during a full moon X) Watch it from a city Y) Get as far away from urban light pollution as possible Z) Wear light clothing
Y) GET AS FAR AWAY FROM URBAN LIGHT POLLUTION AS POSSIBLE
Which of the following planets sees the Sun rising from the west and setting in the east during its Autumn and Spring equinoxes? W) Mars X) Saturn Y) Uranus Z) Mercury
Y) URANUS
During the past 500,000 years, there have been how many periods of major glaciation on Earth: W) 2 X) 3 Y) 4 Z) 5
Z) 5
Unleaded gasoline pumped at a filling station comes from crude oil. About what percentage of the oil's original energy content is present in gasoline when it is pumped into the vehicle at the station? W) 13% X) 36% Y) 50% Z) 86%
Z) 86%
What percentage of the earth's total volcanic activity occurs under the ocean? W) 30% X) 45% Y) 65% Z) 90%
Z) 90%
Although scientists are unable to obtain samples by drilling, they believe the predominant mineral in the mantle is: W) iron pyrite X) potassium feldspar Y) quartz Z) olivine
Z) OLIVINE
Which of the following is classified as a silicate mineral: W) gypsum X) malachite Y) halite Z) quartz
Z) QUARTZ
What type of seismic wave causes the most damage during an earthquake: W) shear X) compressional Y) expansional Z) surface
Z) SURFACE
Which of the following planets cannot come into quadrature with Earth: W) Mars X) Saturn Y) Uranus Z) Venus
Z) VENUS
Qualitative Measurement
describes objects
du soir
evening
What is the gender: brune (m, f, ?)
f
et demie
half past
du matin
in the morning
le neveu
nephew
à côté de
next to
medium
substances that waves can go through
Which of the following pairs of German scientists discovered the atomic fission of uranium and set the stage for the nuclear age? A. Hahn and Strassman B. Nernst and Planck C. Ostwald and Heisenberg D. Bohr and Rutherford
ANSWER: A -- HAHN AND STRASSMAN
Which of the following pairs of compounds could NOT be used to create a buffer solution? Would it be: A. HCL and NaCl B. HCN and NaCN C. NH3 and NH4Cl D. HNO2 and NaNO2
ANSWER: A -- HCL AND NaCl
The bond in Fluorine is which of the following types? Is it A. ionic B. nonpolar covalent C. polar covalent D. covalent network
ANSWER: B -- NONPOLAR COVALENT
In which of the following is the "octet rule" violated? A. CO2 B. NH4+
(read as: N - H - 4 - plus) C. SO4 2- (read as: S - O - 4 - 2 minus) D. NO2 ANSWER: D -- NO2
EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer: Based on size and location, which of the 2 basic types of glaciers dominates Greenland today?
ANSWER: CONTINENTAL, ICE SHEET
A
102. In a plasma membrane, which of the following provides a general barrier to the movement of molecules? A. lipids B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. all of these
C
103. The name of the process by which oil glands in mammalian skins secrete oils is: A. active transport B. apocrine secretion C. holocrine secretion D. osmosis
B
104. An individual with three X chromosomes is likely to be: A. a clinically normal female B. an abnormal female C. a Turner's individual D. a Kleinfelter's individual
C
106. In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is used to: A. move water molecules B. denature chlorophyll C. split water D. produce carbohydrates
D
107. One-celled algae enclosed in minute two-part silicon shells are called: A. dinoflagellates B. coelenterates C. annelids D. diatoms
C
108. Osmoregulation is concerned with: A. excretion B. ionic regulation C. control of the body's water content D. carbon dioxide regulation
Compute the estimated temperature, in Kelvin, of a stellar body's surface that emits light with a spectrum that peaks at 145 nanometers.
20,000 (Solution: Wein's Law T = 2.9 × 10^-3 m.k/λ 2.9 × 10^-3 m.k / 145 × 10^-9m = .02×10^6=20,000K)
If the surface of a star is 15,000 kelvin, at what wavelength, in nanometers rounded to the nearest whole number, does it emit its maximum energy?
200 (Solution: λ max = 3 × 10^6/15,000 K = 200 nm)
A 12 kg going at 10 m/s and a 10 kg cart going at 2 m/s in the other direction collide. They stick together. What is their final velocity?
4.55 m/s
Calculate the percent relative humidity for air at 70°F containing 10 millibars of water vapor if the saturation vapor pressure is 25.0 millibars at that temperature.
40% (Solution: RH = 10/25 × 100% = 40)
D
41. Bacteria are more likely used to produce which of the following: A. gelatin B. wine C. pasteurized milk D. vinegar
A
45. The tectorial membrane is found in which of the following anatomical structures of a human: A. inner ear B. eye C. testes D. ovaries
A
64. DNA is produced from RNA: A. by reverse transcriptase B. by an oligoside C. by DNA polymerase D. in yeast as a protective measure
D
65. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Class Arachnida: A. spider B. tick C. mite D. shrimp
If the surface temperature of a star increased from 6,000 kelvin to 18,000 kelvin, how many times as much energy would it radiate?
81
If a star were to be 9 times farther away than it originally was, how many times fainter would it appear to be if all other things remain constant?
81 TIMES (Solution: inverse square law...9^2 = 81)
D
81. Which of the following describes the major difference between bryophytes (pron: bry-oh-fites) and tracheophytes (pron: tray-key-o-fites)? A. tracheophytes can survive on land B. tracheophytes have seeds inside fruits C. tracheophytes can make their own food D. tracheophytes have vessels to transport materials
ANSWER: SPHINCTERS
84. What are rings of muscle which CLOSE body openings such as the lips called?
B
9. The cytoskeleton of a cell is made of: A. microtubules, lignin, and microfilaments B. microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments C. microtubules, flagellin, and microfilaments D. pectins, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Gravity on earth
9.8 m/s^2
ASTRONOMY Short Answer What is the declination of the north celestial pole?
90
How many degrees above the celestial equator is the north celestial pole?
90
In the southern hemisphere, Ekman transport generated by trade winds over the equatorial Pacific Ocean is how many degrees to the left of the prevailing winds?
90
ANSWER: RESPIRATION
90. What process in all living things releases carbon dioxide as a waste product?
ANSWER: KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
91. For convenience, living things are placed into various groups. The taxonomic breakdown of living things consists of the following categories: Family, Class, Genus, Phylum, Order, Kingdom and Species. Give the order of these terms from least specific to most specific.
C
95. Each of the following is a cell organelle except one. Which one of these is NOT a cell organelle? Is it A. mitochondrion B. lysosome C. cytoplasm D. endoplasmic reticulum
PARKINSON'S
A lack of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain of humans causes what disease that afflicts thousands of US people including Michael J. Fox and Janet Reno:
Momentum
A property of an object due to its mass and velocity
Force
A push or pull on an object
Multiple Choice What is the approximate average impact speed, in miles per hour, of a piece of orbital debris that strikes the Earth? W) 5,000 X) 10,000 Y) 20,000 Z) 30,000
ANSWER: Y) 20,000
Multiple Choice Mineral grains weathered from continental rocks and transported to the oceans are deposited as which of the following kinds of sediments? W) Calcareous (read as: kahl-KEHR-ee-is) ooze X) Atoll Y) Terrigenous (read as: teh-RI-jeh-nis) Z) Hydrogenous
ANSWER: Y) TERRIGENOUS
Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true of satellites in geostationary orbits? W) They are in the line-of-sight of more than one third of the Earth's surface X) They are useful for weather monitoring and communications Y) They provide excellent views of the polar regions Z) They can receive transmissions from free-floating balloons, buoys, and remote automatic data collection stations
ANSWER: Y) THEY PROVIDE EXCELLENT VIEWS OF THE POLAR REGIONS
Which of the following scientists explained the photoelectric effect? Was it: A. Einstein B. Planck C. Bohr D. Chadwick
ANSWER: A - EINSTEIN
Ammonia can be considered a Lewis base because it can donate: A. electrons B. protons C. hydronium ions D. hydroxide ions
ANSWER: A - ELECTRONS
Which of the following scientists first stated the law of conservation of mass? Was it:A. Lavoisier B. Dalton C. Proust D. Boyle
ANSWER: A - LAVOISIER
In the periodic table, which of the following identifies a horizontal row? A. period B. group C. family D. series
ANSWER: A - PERIOD
Which of the following refers to an easily melted product of the reaction between the flux and the impurities of an ore? A. slag B. slurry C. slug D. none of the above
ANSWER: A - SLAG
Which of the following is a metallic salt of a fatty acid? Is it: A. soap B. plastic C. rubber D. petroleum
ANSWER: A - SOAP
Which of the following is NOT a physical property of crystalline boron? A. brown color B. diamond hardness C. brittleness D. high electrical resistance
ANSWER: A -- BROWN COLOR (Crystalline boron is transparent.)
Which of the following terms refers to the number of molecules or ions attached to a central metallic atom? A. coordination number B. connection number C. bonding number D. none of these
ANSWER: A -- COORDINATION NUMBER
Math: What is the total price of admission to the theater for 2 adults and 4 children if the ticket price for adults is $30 and for children is $18?
$132
Which of the following is true of bases: A. they give rise to hydrogen ions when dissolved in water B. they are substances that accept or react with hydrogen ions C. they always contain the hydroxide ion in it's structure D. they have a pH below 7
Answer: B
According to Bronsted-Lowry definition, a base is: A. a proton donor B. an electron donor C. a proton acceptor D. an electron acceptor
Answer: C
Magnesium can exist as three naturally occurring isotopes. These isotopes would all have the same: A. atomic weight B. number of neutrons C. number of protons D. nucleus
Answer: C
The wavelength of yellow light is 600 nanometers. What is the wavelength in centimeters: A. 6.0 x 10-9 B. 6.0 x 10-7 C. 6.0 x 10-5 D. 6.0 x 10-2
Answer: C
Which of the following is NOT true about cholesterol: A. there is no cholesterol in plants B. cholesterol is found in meats, milk and eggs C. cholesterol is not synthesized in the human body D. cholesterol is a component of cellular membranes
Answer: C
In order to compare two different gas samples, scientists use what is called the STP. What does STP stand for?
Answer: Standard Temperature And Pressure
Homo sapiens evolved during which geological era of the Geological Time Scale?
CENOZOIC
Cinnabar, pyrite and galena are minerals which consist of one or more metals combined with the same element. Which one of the following is the element that is common to all three of these minerals? Is it: A. iron B. copper C. sulfur D. sodium
ANSWER: C—SULFUR
Which of the following is NOT an aliphatic hydrocarbon? A. n-octane B. propylene C. n-tridecane D. benzene
ANSWER: D - BENZENE
Among the following, the substance that is considered to be the earliest stage in coal formation is: A. sub-bituminous B. bituminous C. anthracite D. lignite
ANSWER: D - LIGNITE
In a flame test, the presence of copper in a solution is evident by what color flame? Is the flame A. red B. orange C. indigo D. blue-green
ANSWER: D -- BLUE-GREEN
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer: What is the most common term for the energy an object has because of its position or configuration?
ANSWER: POTENTIAL
In a flame test both lithium and strontium produce various shades of this color. What is this color?
ANSWER: RED
Who developed the equation that is used to determine the PROBABILITY of finding the electron in any given place?
ANSWER: SCHRODINGER
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice: Which of the following can sometimes result after a moderate to severe blow to the head: W) Down syndrome X) meningitis Y) impetigo Z) concussion
ANSWER: Z) CONCUSSION
W) A BACTERIAL VIRUS
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes a bacteriophage: W) a bacterial virus X) a stage in the development of most bacteria Y) the release of disease-causing bacteria from a host organism Z) a very small bacteria
Y) ABLE TO MOVE
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the closest synonym for motile: W) having a motor X) using energy Y) able to move Z) living in water
Y) ARACHNID
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the scientific class to which spider belong? W) Vertebrate X) Echinoderm Y) Arachnid Z) Amphibian
Z) FERN
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following plants is sometimes called a fiddlehead when it is immature: W) maple tree X) tulip Y) moss Z) fern
X) BACILLUS
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following terms is used by microbiologists for a bacterium with a rod shape: W) tubular X) bacillus Y) trichome Z) cylindrical
Y) INSECT
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice You find a new creature measuring over 4 millimeters in size in your bedroom. You notice that it has 6 legs so you know it is some type of: W) Arachnid X) Larva Y) Insect Z) Echinoderm
4
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer How many limbs are tetrapods typically considered to have?
4
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer How many pairs of walking legs do spiders have?
NUCLEUS
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Inside what human cell organelle does replication of the chromosomal DNA in preparation for mitosis occur?
AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name all of the following 3 groups of animals that are vertebrates: amphibians; reptiles; gastropods
TENDONS
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What anatomical structures in humans function by connecting muscles to bones?
GENES (ACCEPT: DNA)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What are the basic units of heredity?
MALE = SPERM; FEMALE = EGG (ACCEPT: SPERM AND OVUM)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What are the most common names of the gametes produced by a human male and female, respectively?
OXYGEN
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What gas essential to human life do plants give off when they photosynthesize?
FLAGELLA (ACCEPT: FLAGELLUM)
LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What specific structure is most directly responsible for the motility of bacteria?
PHYSICS Short Answer Although not known as such at the time, what was the first form of spectacular electric discharge seen by humans?
LIGHTNING
Which of the following rocks would be most impacted by acid rain: 1) chert, 2) limestone, or 3) granite?
LIMESTONE (ACCEPT: 2)
Three of these things belong together. Which rock does NOT belong: 1) gneiss, 2) granite, 3) basalt, or 4) limestone?
LIMESTONE (ACCEPT: 4)
Most of the hydrogen that makes up the planet Jupiter is in what phase?
LIQUID
80 (Solution: A = bh = 80 m2)
MATH Short Answer Find the area, in meters squared, of a parallelogram whose base measures 8 meters and height measures 10 meters:
5/51
MATH Short Answer Find the reciprocal of 10 1/5
$41.25
MATH Short Answer Giving your answer in dollars and cents, if 2 Frisbees cost $16.50, how much will 5 Frisbees cost?
80
MATH Short Answer How many degrees are in the 4th angle of a quadrilateral whose other 3 angles are 85º, 95º, and 100º?
63,200
MATH Short Answer Round 63,159.456 to the hundreds' (read as: hun-DREDS) place.
-6x + 18y - 9 (ACCEPT: 18y - 6x - 9)
MATH Short Answer Simplify the following expression by using the Distributive Property: -3(2x - 6y + 3)
ASSOCIATIVE
MATH Short Answer The equation (2 + x) + y = 2 + (x + y) best illustrates what basic property of addition?
11; 5 (in any order)
MATH Short Answer The sum of two numbers is 16 and their product is 55. What are the two numbers?
180
MATH Short Answer What is the degree measure of a semicircle?
0
MATH Short Answer What is the identity element for addition on the integers?
Hooke's law
The force to restore a pulled spring is directly proportional to the distance the spring is pulled
90
The geographic north pole is at what latitude?
W) CHLOROPHYLL
The green pigment in plants that captures the energy of sunlight and initiates photosynthesis is called: W) chlorophyll X) anthocyanin Y) carotene Z) xanthophylls
Distance SI unit
Meter
General Science: What are the SI units for length and time?
Meter and Second
Arthropoda, Diplopods
Millipedes
Quantity of particles SI unit
Moles
Law of Conservation of Momentum
Momentum cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred
Z) MUSCLE
Most of the heart is composed of which of the following types of tissues: W) epithelial X) connective Y) nervous Z) muscle
Dynamic Equilibrium
Object is moving but still at equilibrium
Static Equilibrium
Object is not moving and at equilibrium
All
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name all of the following 3 choices that are physical properties of an object: length; mass; density
14
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Nitrogen has 7 protons. What is the atomic mass of its common isotope, rounded to the nearest whole number?
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
PHENOTYPE
What are scientists hoping to discover with the Kepler telescope?
PLANETS LIKE THE EARTH
The stars Merak and Dubhe in the bowl of the big dipper are most commonly used to locate what star?
POLARIS (ACCEPT: POLE STAR; NORTH STAR; ALPHA URSA MINORIS)
What metabolic process occurs frequently in the top 100 meters of the world's oceans and is nearly absent at greater depths?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (read as: fōe-tōe-SIN-teh-sis)
Cnidaria, Hydrozoa
Predatory animals mostly in salt water, live in colonies (Hydra)
Physical Science: In The reaction sodium plus fluoride yields sodium fluoride, what are the reactants and products respectively?
Reactants: Sodium and Fluoride Product: Sodium Fluoride
Fossil are most commonly found in what general type of rock?
SEDIMENTARY
What is the most accurate term astronomers use for the time it takes for a planet to orbit the Sun relative to the stars?
SIDEREAL PERIOD
What is the Greek name meaning sparkling or scorching for the star, alpha Canis Majoris?
SIRIUS
A lightning bolt is seen and its accompanying thunder is heard 15 seconds later. This means the storm is most likely how many miles away: W) 3 X) 6 Y) 9 Z) 15
W) 3
Physical Science: Which one of the 4 states of matter is described as having a definite shape and volume?
Solid
At present estimates, the Earth's planetary albedo is estimated to be: W) 30% X) 40% Y) 50% Z) 60%
W) 30%
W) HELPFUL IN DISPROVING THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
Spallanzani, Reti and Pasteur were all: W) helpful in disproving the theory of spontaneous generation X) great Italian chefs Y) scientists who supported the genetic work of Mendel Z) supporters of the work of Charles Darwin
Continental margins facing the edges of diverging tectonic plates are called: W) passive margins X) Pacific-type margins Y) transform fault margins Z) active margins
W) PASSIVE MARGINS
Physical Science: Which of the following is NOT a salt- W) Potassium hydroxide X) Potassium bromide Y) Magnesium chloride Z) Calcium carbonate
W) Potassium hydroxide
A
WIND ENERGY (15) Which country has the greatest wind power capacity in terms of total megawatts? A. Germany B. United States C. Argentina D. South Africa
D
WIND ENERGY (17) In the United States, there are plans to build an offshore wind park in the ocean. Where will this take place? A. Manhattan B. Florida Keys C. New Orleans D. Cape Cod
Tension force
When 2 forces pull on an object in opposite direction
Collision
When 2 objects hit
Position
Describes location from a reference point to an object
W) COMPACTION AND CEMENTATION
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes how a sedimentary rock can form: W) compaction and cementation X) slow cooling and hardening of magma Y) fast cooling and hardening of magma Z) high temperature and pressure causing recrystalization
W) TRILOBITE
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following fossils is the oldest: W) trilobite X) snake Y) petrified wood Z) megalodon tooth
Y) BASALT
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a mineral: W) quartz X) topaz Y) basalt Z) diamond
Z) IT IS BASED ON A LOGARITHMIC SCALE
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is TRUE of the Richter Scale: W) values are always given in whole numbers X) an earthquake measuring 5 has 50-times more energy than an earthquake measuring 4 Y) it is based on a scale of 0 to 14 Z) it is based on a logarithmic scale
Velocity definition
Speed in direction Rate of change of displacement
Derived units
Speed, acceleration, velocity, force, work, energy, power
Arthropoda, Arachnida
Spiders
FOSSIL
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of the preserved remains, traces, or evidence of organisms that were formerly alive, often found in rocks and other geologic deposits?
CONVERGENT
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What type of boundary is described as two lithospheric plates moving toward one another and colliding?
Y) FLORIDA
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice A mangrove coast is likely to be found in which of the following locations: W) Alaskan Peninsula X) Hawaiian Islands Y) Florida Z) Maine
Earth Science: What is the specific name for the very high and the very low tides that occur when the Sun and the Moon are in line with the Earth?
Spring Tides
Mollusca, Cephalopoda
Squid, Octopus, Cuttlefish
X) OVARY
Stamen is to anther as carpel is to: W) sepal X) ovary Y) egg Z) pollen
Fs
Static friction
Friction types Strongest to weakest
Static, Kinetic, Rolling, Fluid
W) THE GULF OF ALASKA
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Most blizzards that strike the continental U.S. most directly originated in which of the following locations: W) the Gulf of Alaska X) the Gulf of Mexico Y) along the Gulf Stream Z) in the North Sea
W) SEISMOLOGY
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice The best evidence for the model of Earth's interior comes from the study of: W) seismology X) paleontology Y) paleomagnetism Z) glaciology
X) AT PLATE BOUNDARIES
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice The greatest geophysical impacts from the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates are most often seen and felt in which of the following areas: W) at the center of the plates X) at plate boundaries Y) evenly distributed throughout the entire plate Z) along riverbeds within the plates
Restoring force in spring equation
F = -K∆X K = spring constant
Coulomb's Law Formula
F=Ke(q1q2/r²)
D
FOSSIL ENERGY (10) Natural gas is mostly made up of which gas? A. Hydrogen sulfide B. Carbon dioxide C. Carbon monoxide D. Methane
B
FOSSIL ENERGY (22) Fossil fuels result from: A. Ancient underground rivers B. Compression of ancient plant and animal life formed over millions of years C. Underground volcanic rock D. Receding oceans
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (23) How is most coal transported in the United States? A. Train B. Plane C. Truck D. Submarine
B
FOSSIL ENERGY (24) Which country has the highest coal production rates in the world? A. United States B. China C. Russia D. Brazil
D
FOSSIL ENERGY (3) Which natural resource is used in the U.S. as its main method to generate electricity? A. Petroleum B. Nuclear C. Hydroelectric D. Coal
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (4) Which natural resource is used in the U.S. as its main transportation fuel? A. Petroleum B. Nuclear C. Solar D. Coal E. Biomass
C
FOSSIL ENERGY (5) What ancient materials formed petroleum? A. Dinosaurs B. Trees C. Algae (diatoms) D. Decaying fish
B
FOSSIL ENERGY (6) More than what % of the oil used in the U.S. comes from other countries? A. 100 B. 50 C. 25 D. 10
A
FOSSIL ENERGY (7) Of the useable products, produced from a barrel of oil, which comprises over 1/3 of the total? A. Gasoline B. Jet fuel C. Lubricants D. Kerosene E. Asphalt / road oil
E
FOSSIL ENERGY (8) Which of the following items contain products that come from crude oil? A. Women's makeup B. Most plastics C. Fertilizers D. Toothbrushes E. All of the above
B
FOSSIL ENERGY (9) Approximately, what % of Oil is used for making transportation fuel? A. 100 B. 66 C. 50 D. 15
The Stefan-Boltzman Law states that the energy emitted from a black body varies with what power of the temperature?
FOURTH
In what phase does the planet Venus appear during superior conjunction?
FULL
Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria
Free living flatworms (Tricladida)
Charging Methods
Friction, conduction, induction
The local group is generally referred to as a collection of what celestial objects?
GALAXIES
X) CHANGE IN THE DIRECTION THE EARTH TILTS RELATIVE TO THE SUN
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Changes in length of daylight are primarily a result of: W) Change in the distance Earth is from the Sun X) Change in the direction the Earth tilts relative to the Sun Y) Change in the Moon's position relative to the Sun Z) Change in how fast the Earth turns on its axis
X) JUST ABOVE THE HORIZON IN THE EASTERN SKY
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Consider a star observed just above the horizon in the western sky at dusk. Where would it most likely have been at sunrise that day: W) in the same position X) just above the horizon in the eastern sky Y) high in the western sky Z) high in the southern sky
W) 454 KILOGRAMS
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice On the earth's surface, which of the following is CLOSEST to the mass of 1,000 pounds: W) 454 kilograms X) 2,200 kilograms Y) 1 ton Z) 1 kiloton
Z) A BINARY DIGIT THAT STORES INFORMATION
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Regarding computer technology, which of the following BEST describes the bit: W) an analogue magnetic storage sequence X) a computer processor Y) a memory value of 1 through 8 Z) a binary digit that stores information
W) AUTOMOBILES
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The lead-acid battery is most commonly found in: W) automobiles X) cell phones Y) flashlights Z) laptop computers
Z) CONCUSSION
GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following can sometimes result after a moderate to severe blow to the head: W) Down syndrome X) meningitis Y) impetigo Z) concussion
1 MILLION (ACCEPT: 1 × 10 to the 6th)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many grams are in 1 metric ton?
0
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many hours of daylight does the South Pole receive on June 21?
18
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer One quintillion contains how many zeroes?
-273
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is absolute zero in degrees Celsius?
1
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is the specific gravity of water at standard temperature and pressure?
NEON
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Sometimes brightly-colored signs advertising objects or places use a noble gas. Which noble gas is most commonly used to make these signs?
CHROMIUM
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Stainless steel is differentiated from other steels based mainly on the content of what element?
TITANIUM
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What hard silvery-grey metal is the 9th most common element in the Earth's crust, has an atomic number of 22, and takes its name from the Titans?
METEOR
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the astronomical term for the bright trail of a meteoroid passing through the atmosphere of the Earth?
POLYSTYRENE (ACCEPT: STYROFOAM)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the general name for a plastic material composed of a polymer of styrene?
FLORIDA
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What state in the U.S. has the largest continuous system of mangroves in the world?
NEWTON(S)
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Whereas mass is measured in kilograms, what SI unit is the most common measure of an object's weight?
POSITIVE CHARGE
GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer While brushing your hair, you scrape electrons from your hair. This results in what type of charge for your hair?
In meteorology, what is the name for the horizontal wind velocity for which the Coriolis acceleration exactly balances the horizontal pressure force?
GEOSTROPHIC WIND
What basic force is responsible for forming the liquid-metallic hydrogen layer on the planet Jupiter?
GRAVITY
What basic force of the universe is most responsible for holding the planets of our solar system in their orbits?
GRAVITY
The nucleus of what element is the same as an alpha particle?
HELIUM
Give the two elements that primarily make up our sun.
HYDROGEN, HELIUM
What element makes up the innermost core of a type II (read as: type 2) supernova just before core collapse?
IRON
What is the effect of plate tectonics on the width of the Atlantic Ocean?
IT IS BECOMING LARGER (ACCEPT: BECOMING WIDER)
17
If the perimeter of a triangle is 45 centimeters and the lengths of two of its sides are 16 and 12 centimeters, find the length of the third side, in centimeters:
Quelle heure est-il? (answer)
Il est __________ heure(s) ( _____________ ).
W) PROTEINS
LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Most biological catalysts are: W) proteins X) vitamins Y) carbohydrates Z) lipids
Earth Science: What energy source is the primary driver of the Earth's water cycle?
Sun (or Solar)
If it were to be renamed today based on what constellation the sun is in on December 22nd, what would the new name be for the Tropic of Capricorn?
TROPIC OF SAGITTARIUS (ACCEPT: SAGITTARIUS)
DEFINE: cognate
a word in two languages that look and mean the same thing
DEFINE: false cognate
a word in two languages that may look the same, but actually mean two totally different things
Which of the following is best classified as a plutonic intrusive rock: W) obsidian X) granite Y) basalt Z) pumice
X) GRANITE
Which of the following is best classified as a plutonic intrusive rock: W) obsidian X) granite Y) basalt Z) pumice
X) GRANITE
Ocean sediments that form from the precipitation of dissolved organic chemicals in seawater are classified as: W) terrigenous X) hydrogenous Y) biogenous Z) siliceous
X) HYDROGENOUS
Which of the following is NOT a common mineral in igneous rock but rather an accessory that typically occurs in small amounts: W) quartz X) muscovite Y) plagioclase Z) orthoclase
X) MUSCOVITE
Physical Science: Air is best described as a- W) Compound X) Mixture Y) Solution Z) Hydrocarbon
X) Mixture
Ocean tides of diminished range are called: W) spring tides X) neap tides Y) diurnal tides Z) semi-diurnal tides
X) NEAP TIDES
Which of the following is NOT generally characteristic of a passive continental margin: W) relatively wide continental shelf X) oceanic trench Y) terrigenous sediment Z) continental rise
X) OCEANIC TRENCH
EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following terms best describes the albedo of a planet: W) electromagnetic energy X) density Y) reflectivity Z) absorption
Y) REFLECTIVITY
Which of the following terms best describes the albedo of a planet: W) electromagnetic energy X) density Y) reflectivity Z) absorption
Y) REFLECTIVITY
Which of the following is NOT classified as an intrusive igneous rock: W) granite X) diorite Y) rhyolite Z) gabbro
Y) RHYOLITE
Which type of rock is most likely to be drilled for oil? W) Granite X) Limestone Y) Sandstone Z) Basalt
Y) SANDSTONE
Non-circumpolar stars that lie north of the celestial equator when viewed from Michigan will: W) spend less than 6 hours above the horizon X) spend more than 6 hours but less than 12 hours above the horizon Y) spend more than 12 hours but less than 24 hours above the horizon Z) spend 24 hours above the horizon
Y) SPEND MORE THAN 12 HOURS BUT LESS THAN 24 HOURS ABOVE THE HORIZON
If the intent is to neutralize soil acidity, the mixing of which of the following materials in the soil would be the LEAST effective: W) ground limestone X) ground oyster shells Y) pure CaCO3 Z) gypsum
Z) GYPSUM (Solution: gypsum is CaCO4)
Friction
a force that opposes movement when 2 surfaces are in contact
la cousine
cousin (f)
le cousin
cousin (m)
Thermal energy
energy due to heat
l'œil
eye
les yeux
eyes
loin de
far from
le père
father
le pied
feet
Il est une ___________.
heureS
4 impulse equation
j = Ft; j = mv∨f-mv∨i; j = p∨f-p∨i; j = ∆p
scalar
just magnitude
Momentum unit
kg m/s
la jambe
leg
What is the gender: noir (m, f, ?)
m
3 ways to say my
mon, ma, mes
le beau-frère
stepbrother, brother-in-law
le beau-père
stepfather, father-in-law
la belle-mère
stepmother, mother-in-law
la belle-sœur
stepsister, sister-in-law
le ventre
stomach
electronic configuration
the arrangement of electrons in an atom
Static Friction
prevents the start of motion btwn non moving surfaces
Inertia
property of an object due to its mass that resists a change in motion
la sœur
sister
le fils
son (filS, Son)
Instantaneous speed
speed at any one instant - measured by speedometer
Transverse wave
wave in which particles vibrate perpendicular with direction of motion
Surface wave
wave which forms at the boundary between 2 media and particles move in a circular pattern
Rolling Friction
when one of the objects rolls
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Neutrons
the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
à gauche de
to the left of
à droite de
to the right of
3 ways to say your
ton, ta, tes
la dent
tooth
Work
transfer of energy
Longitudinal wave
A wave in which particles vibrate to the direction of motion
W) RAIN
A weather forecast of 100% relative humidity suggests an increased possibility of: W) rain X) wind Y) rising temperature Z) drying conditions
Short Answer In reference to glacial ice, the process by which ice below the snow line is lost by evaporation and melting is called what?
ABLATION
What is the term for the angle of an object's elevation above the horizon?
ALTITUDE
Wave
- a periodic disturbance in a medium that transfers energy
D
96. When a color blind man marries a woman pure for normal color vision, it is probable that one of the following situations may result. Is it probable that A. all the children will be color blind B. all the grandchildren will be color blind C. only the sons will be colorblind D. half the grandsons will be color blind
C
97. Which of the following are skin receptors in humans that are sensitive to heat? Are they: A. end organs of Krause B. Meissner's corpuscles C. end organs of Ruffini D. Pacinian corpuscles
A
98. Into which of the following acids is glucose broken down in the first stage of carbohydrate metabolism? Is it: A. pyruvic acid (pie-rue-vick acid) B. lactic acid C. hydrochloric acid D. citric acid
C
99. Hormones are composed from many classes of molecules. As far as our present knowledge extends, hormones are NOT found in which of the following categories of substances: A. proteins B. peptides C. nucleic acids D. steroids
MATH Short Answer Giving your answer in terms of π and in inches, what is the arc-length of a semi-circle whose diameter is 18 inches?
9π (Solution: C = πd; ½(18π) = 9π)
What is the gender: orange (m, f, ?)
?
What is it called when Mercury is observed to pass in front of the Sun?
A TRANSIT OF MERCURY (ACCEPT: TRANSIT)
Non contact forces/Action-at-a-distance force
A force acting upon an object without contact
Who is James?
A guy
Static Electricity
A non-moving charge on an object
In a body-centered structure for cesium chloride how many nearest neighbor chloride ions surround a cesium ion?
ANSWER: 8
Electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
X) CO2 + H2O AND LIGHT YIELDS CARBOHYDRATE + O2
A summary reaction for photosynthesis is: W) CO2 + O2 + H2O and light yields carbohydrate + O2 X) CO2 + H2O and light yields carbohydrate + O2 Y) CO2 + H2O and light yields carbohydrate + H2O Z) CO2 + O2 + H2O and light yields carbohydrate + H2O
What is the element represented by the symbol Sn?
ANSWER: TIN
Y) REPEA T THE EXPERIMENT AND A VERAGE IN THE HIGH READING
After taking 20 readings of the outside winter air temperature during an experiment, Kathy realizes that the first reading is more than 20% higher than all the following readings. She quickly remembers that she forgot to allow the thermometer, which was stored in a warm room, to adjust to the outside temperature. Which of the following is the most appropriate solution to her problem of what seems to be an experimental error: W) discuss the error with the other scientists and then discard the reading X) repeat the experiment, and if no other readings are unusually high she can discard the initial high reading as long as she explains why Y) repeat the experiment and average in the high reading Z) buy a new thermometer
1
An ionic state of an atom of hydrogen would have how many protons?
Newton's 1st law of motion
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
What is the most well-known asterism in Ursa Major?
BIG DIPPER
Annelida, Polychaeta
Bristle Worms (Lugworms)
Brightness of light SI unit
Candella
Impulse
Change in momentum
What planet of our solar system has the most nitrogen-rich atmosphere?
EARTH
Y) SEDIMENTARY
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Fossils are most often found in what type of rock? W) Igneous X) Metamorphic Y) Sedimentary Z) Granitic
Z) LIKE ICE CUBES IN A GLASS OF WATER, THE ICE HAS ALREADY DISPLACED THE WATER SO AS THE ICE MELTS, SEA LEVEL WILL NOT RISE SIGNIFICANTLY
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Sea ice floating on the oceans is the first to melt as the Earth's climate warms. Which of the following most accurately models the impact melting sea ice has on global sea level? W) Like the water level in a basin when you pour a glass of water into it, sea level will rise significantly X) The ocean floor rocks and sediments are porous like sponges. They will absorb the additional water from the ice and sea level will not rise significantly Y) Like a melting ice cube sitting in a glass of water, the water and the melted cube will evaporate and sea level will drop Z) Like ice cubes in a glass of water, the ice has already displaced the water so as the ice melts, sea level will not rise significantly
CALCIUM CARBONATE
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Deposition of primarily which compound leads to the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves?
Sound energy
Energy due to vibrations
The two points where the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator are known as what?
EQUINOXES
What is the term that describes the increase in primary production of an aquatic ecosystem following enrichment with chemical nutrients?
EUTROPHICATION (read as: yuh-trōe-fi-KAY-shohn)
CHEMISTRY Short Answer Name all of the following 4 processes where latent heat is absorbed: evaporation; condensation; water melts; water freezes
EVAPORATION; WATER MELTS
Annelida, Oligochaeta
Earthworms
Physical Science: The overall charge of an atom of a certain element depends on the gaining or losing of what sub-atomic particle?
Electrons
Chemical energy
Energy stored in molecular bonds
BIOLOGY Short Answer What is the genus name of the most thoroughly studied bacterium?
Escherichia
KNEE CAP, SHOULDER BLADE, BIG TOE
Give the common colloquial names in respective order for the following 3 anatomical structures: patella, scapula, hallux
Life Science: Starch and Glycogen are polymers of what simple sugar?
Glucose
Comment allez-vous?
How are you? (formal)
Comment ça va?
How are you? (informal)
Speed definition
How fast and object is moving - Rate of distance per time - rate of change in distance for an object
Je n'aime pas
I don't like
J'aime
I like
W) COTYLEDON
In bean and corn seeds, the food supply that is used by the seed to germinate and grow is in the: W) cotyledon (PRONOUNCED: KOT-ill-ee-don) X) root tip Y) abcission zone Z) petiole
Y) 14
In humans, ovulation usually occurs how many days before the start of the next menstrual period: W) 4 X) 9 Y) 14 Z) 21
Y) PHOTOSYNTHESIS
It is generally believed that most of the oxygen in the air today came from: W) oxidation of carbon molecules containing oxygen X) release of oxygen from volcanic vents Y) photosynthesis Z) forest fires
Ou as-tu mal? (answer)
J'ai mal au/à la/à l'/aux ________________
During what month is the average surface temperature of the Earth typically the highest?
JULY
Adastea, Amalthea and Callisto are moons of what planet?
JUPITER
Speed unit
M/s
Velocity unit
M/s
Acceleration unit
M/sˆ2
A mixture of molten rock, suspended mineral grains, and dissolved gasses that forms in the crust or mantle when temperatures are sufficiently high, is a definition of what?
MAGMA
Identify each of the following 3 rocks, respectively, as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary: marble; pumice; conglomerate
MARBLE = METAMORPHIC; PUMICE = IGNEOUS; CONGLOMERATE = SEDIMENTARY
SI Units
Mass, Temperature, Distance, Time, brightness of light, electric current, quantity of particles
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY (22) What does the half-life of a radioactive isotope represent? A. The time needed for ½ of an unstable isotope to decay B. The time needed for ¼ of an unstable isotope to decay C. The time that uranium changes into thorium D. The time needed to construct a nuclear reactor
X) A SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice If a chimpanzee were to throw darts at a Periodic Table, he would most likely hit an element with which of the following characteristics: W) a naturally radioactive element X) a solid at room temperature Y) a gas at room temperature Z) a liquid at room temperature
Y) ATOMIC NUMBER
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice When using the periodic chart, what number gives the number of protons in a given element: W) period number X) group number Y) atomic number Z) average atomic mass
Y) THE FORCE NEEDED TO ACCELERATE 1 KILOGRAM AT ONE METER PER SECOND SQUARED
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following BEST describes how the SI unit called the Newton is derived: W) the product of force times time X) the energy in one kilogram traveling at one meter per second Y) the force needed to accelerate 1 kilogram at one meter per second squared Z) the power needed to accelerate 1 kilogram at one kilometer per hour
X) CONCRETE CONDUCTS HEAT BETTER THAN WOOD
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following BEST explains why a concrete floor feels colder than a wooden floor if both are at 21ºC: W) wood is not as dense as concrete X) concrete conducts heat better than wood Y) wood is alive and concrete is not Z) concrete is much less elastic than wood
WHEEL AND AXLE
PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A screw driver and a doorknob are considered variations of what simple machine?
Y) NO ENERGY
Passive transport differs mostly from active transport since passive transport requires: W) ATP X) spectrin proteins Y) no energy Z) mitochondria
Unit prefixes (use boogie board)
Peta P 10ˆ15 Tera T 10ˆ12 Giga G 10ˆ9 Mega M 10ˆ6 Kilo k 10ˆ3 Hecto h 10ˆ2 Deca D 10ˆ1 Base !0ˆ0 Deci d 10ˆ-1 Centi c 10ˆ-2 Milli m 10ˆ-3 Micro µ 1-ˆ-6 Nano n 10ˆ-9 Pico p 10ˆ-12
Law of Conservation of Momentum formula
P∨TOTi = P∨TOTf
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms
Dmitri Mendeleev
Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)
The nominal galactic center lies on the galactic plane in the direction of what constellation?
SAGITTARIUS (ACCEPT: THE ARCHER)
Period symbol and unit
T seconds
BIOLOGY Short Answer What are the 2 basic categories of lymphocyte cells?
T AND B (ACCEPT: B AND T CELLS)
Order the following 3 stages from the EARLIEST to the LATEST in the evolution of a G-type star of 2 solar masses: red giant; T-tauri; white dwarf
T-TAURI; RED GIANT; WHITE DWARF
Newton's 2nd Law of motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to the mass - F=ma
Atomic Mass
The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Quelle heure est-il? (meaning)
What time is it?
Z) DIFFERENT GENES ARE EXPRESSED OR TURNED ON AND OFF IN DIFFERENT CELLS
The development of embryonic cells that allows them to become different specialized cells of different organs and tissue and then function in very different ways in an adult organism is best explained by which of the following: W) they have evolved different genomes X) they each contain different genes Y) they use different genetic codes Z) different genes are expressed or turned on and off in different cells
9
The number 4.56 × 10^11 has how many zeroes?
W) RIBOSOMES
The presence of which of the following is what makes rough endoplasmic reticulum appear rough and not smooth? W) ribosomes X) globular proteins Y) glycolipids Z) growing proteins
WEIGHT
What term do scientists use for the force of gravity acting on anything that has mass?
A
The purine bases are: A. adenine and guanine B. adenine and cytosine C. thymine and cytosine D. uracil, thymine, and cytosine
SPLEEN
What organ of the human body is primarily responsible for removing abnormal red blood cells from the circulation ?
X) RODS
The receptors in the retina of the eye that detect faint light and transfer non-color impulses to the brain are: W) corpuscles X) rods Y) cones Z) axons
LEAF
The spines of cacti are a modification of what plant structure?
X) ROSALIND FRANKLIN
The structure of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick was partly based on the x-ray work of: W) Louis Pasteur X) Rosalind Franklin Y) Linus Pauling Z) Eleonore Rubinstein
Cirrus clouds are typically found at elevations of: W) 20,000 feet and above X) 10,000 to 20,000 feet Y) 5,000 to 10,000 feet Z) 2,000 to 5,000 feet
W) 20,000 FEET AND ABOVE
Because of precession, the celestial pole traces out a complete circle on the sky about every: W) 26,000 years X) 12,000 years Y) 6,000 years Z) 600 years
W) 26,000 YEARS
Vector for weight
Towards the core
Physical Science: What is the common term for the force of gravity that is exerted on an object?
Weight
Bien, et vous?
Well, and you? (formal)
Qu'est-ce tu aime?
What do you like? J'aime le fromage
Qu'est-ce tu n'aimes pas?
What don't you like? Je n'aime pas l'insectes
CORK
What is the name of the layer of cells that are produced by the phellogen and, as they mature and die, their cell walls are encrusted with suberin?
Grounding
When a charged object is attached to a large neutral object (Earth) and the charges are neutralized
Elastic Collision
When objects hit and bounce apart
Inelastic collision
When objects hit and deform and stick together
autour de
around
le petit-fils
grandson
sur
on top of
où
where
la femme
wife
Average velocity equation
xf-xi/t
Equation for Fs
µsFN
Vw
λ/period or λƒ velocity of wave
