Self Paced Phonics (Ch 3 & 4)

How many phonemes are represented in the following words? Write each word using its phoneme pronunciation symbols. sight 3 /s//ī/ /t/ sew _____ ____________________ sing _____ ____________________ blue _____ ____________________ ghost _____ ____________________ ship _____ ____________________ old _____ ____________________ boy _____ ____________________ bird _____ ____________________ both _____ ____________________ books _____ ____________________ sent _____ ____________________ come _____ ____________________

2, /s/ /ō/ 3, /s/ /ĭ/ /ng/ 3, /b/ /l/ /oo/ 4, /g/ /ō/ /s/ /t/ 3, /sh/ /ĭ/ /p/ 3, /ō/ /l/ /d/ 3, /b/ /oi/ 3, /b/ /û/ /r/ /d/ 3, /b/ /ō/ /th/ 4, /b/ /ŏ/ /k/ /s/ 4, /s/ /ĕ/ /n/ /t/ 3, /k/ /ō/ /m/

How many phonemes are represented in the following words? Write each word using its phoneme pronunciation symbols: plum 4 /p/ /l/ /ǔ/ /m/ off _____ ____________________ future _____ ____________________ naked _____ ____________________ true _____ ____________________ plume _____ ____________________ funny _____ ____________________ queen _____ ____________________ mix _____ ____________________ hare_________________________

2, /ô/ /f/ 5, /f/ /ū/ /ch/ /û/ /r/ 5, /n/ /ā/ /k/ /ĭ/ /d/ 3, /t/ /r/ /oo/ 4, /p/ /l/ /oo/ /m/ 4, /f/ /ŭ/ /n/ /ē/ 4, /k/ /w/ /ē/ /n/ 4, /m/ /ĭ/ /k/ /s/ 3, /h/ /â/ /r/

There are ___ phonemes in the English language, ___ consonant phonemes, and ___ vowel phonemes.

44, 25, 19

When the letter r follows a vowel letter, how does it affect the vowel?

The r renders the vowel neither long nor short. (examples: star (a), dare (a), her (e), for (o)).

What is the difference between a consonant digraph and a consonant blend?

a consonant digraph is two letters that stand for a single sound. a consonant blend is a combination of sounds in a syllable represented by two or more letters that are blended together without losing their own identities.

What are the differences between a digraph and diphthong?

a diagraph is two letters that stand for a single phoneme, while a diphthong is a single vowel sound made up of a glide from one vowel to another. for example, in the word oil, the letters oi form the digraph, while the sound /oi/ is the diphthong.

Macron:

a glided vowel, a orthographic symbol (long line) placed over a vowel letter to show that it is pronounced as a long sounds

Grapheme:

a letter or combination of letters that represents a phoneme

What is the difference between a phonogram and a rime?

a phonogram is a letter sequence composed of a vowel grapheme and an ending consonant grapheme(s). a rime is the sound a phonogram represents.

Breve:

a unglided vowel, a orthographic symbol (arrow going up) placed over a vowel letter to show that it is pronounced as a short sounds

Syllable:

a unit of pronunciation consisting of a vowel alone or a vowel with one or more consonants. there is only one vowel phoneme in each syllable

Vowel sounds are usually represented by the following letters: _____, ____, ____, ____, and ___. Also, ___ and ___ sometimes represent vowels.

a, e, i, o , u, y, w

(Synthetic, Analytic) programs begin with whole words and identify individual sounds as part of those words. Efforts are made to avoid pronouncing letter sounds in isolation.

analytic

Second language learners who come from a language based on an alphabetic system are frequently able to apply knowledge of their first language when learning a second. Why is this important when teaching them to read and write English?

answers will vary, but they should reflect the fact that transition from one alphabetic system to another is facilitated greatly by knowledge of the L1 or first language alphabet, making learning of second or L2 language much more efficient.

Open Syllable:

any syllable that ends with a vowel phoneme

There (are, are not) sufficient research data that show that systematic phonics instruction produces significant benefits for students learning to read.

are

Underline any letters in the following words that represent a consonant blend. that she blend church street why sing

blend (bl) street (str)

Phoneme ___ is the process of recognizing isolated speech sounds and the ability to pronounce words for which they stand when combined.

blending

phoneme blending

blending is the process of recognizing isolated speech sounds and the ability to pronounce the word for which they stand when combined

Underline the digraphs in the following words that represent diphthongs: boy could owl out point cow boil own coin town

boy (oy) owl (ow) out (ou) point (o) cow (ow) boil (oi) coin (oi) town (ow)

The ____________________ is a symbol placed over a vowel letter to show that it is pronounced as a short sound.

breve

The orthographic symbol used to represent a short vowel sound is called a ___.

breve

Underline any consonant digraph contained in the following words: blue bring the street shut chill train

bring (ng) the (th) shut (sh) chill (ch)

The letters ____, ___, and ___ do not represent phonemes that are identified by their own names.

c, q, and x

Fill in the proper consonant phonemes for each of the underlined letter(s): care /_____ / (c) song /_____ / (ng) why /_____ / (wh) phone /_____ / (ph) measure /_____ / (s) whom /_____ / (wh) sox /_____ / /_____ / (x) chemist /_____ / (ch) quit /_____ / /_____ / (q) gym /_____ / (g)

care /k/ song /ng/ why /hw/ phone /f/ measure /zh/ whom /h/ sox /k/ /s/ chemist /k/ quit /k/ /w/ gym /j/

Fill in the proper consonant phoneme for each of the underlined letter(s). center /______/ (c) seizure /______/ (z) chrome /______/ (ch) graph /______/ (ph) know /______/ (kn) germ /______/ (g) sure /______/ (s) whom /______/ (wh) wrong /______/ (n) ghost /______/ (h) white /______/ (wh) antique /______/ (q)

center /s/ seizure /zh/ chrome /k/ graph /f/ know /n/ germ /j/ sure /sh/ whom /h/ wrong /ng/ ghost /g/ white /hw/ antique /k/

A(n) ___ syllable ends with a consonant phoneme.

closed

Put an X by each word below that contains a diphthong. coil ________ out ________ own ________ owl ________ could ________

coil /oi/ out /ou/ owl /ou/

The sounds represented by bl in blue are called A(n) ____________________ ____________________.

consonant blend

A closed syllable ends with A(n) _____ _____.

consonant phoneme

Fill in the proper vowel phonemes for each of the underlined letter(s): dare /_____ / (a) order /_____ / (o) father /_____ / (a) star /_____ / (a) awful /_____ / (aw) pearl /_____ / (ea) rule /_____ / (u) good /_____ / (oo) owl /_____ / (ow) hurt /_____ / (u)

dare /â/ order /ô/ father /ä/ star /ä/ awful /ô/ pearl /û/ rule /ooo/ good /ôo/ owl /ou/ hurt /û/

Underline any vowel digraph contained in the following words: dew look love soup boy go beat

dew (ew) look (oo) soup (ou) boy (oy) beat (ea)

The letters that represent a diphthong are called a(n) ___.

diagraph

A special kind of grapheme that consists of two letters is called a(n) ___.

digraph

A(n) ___ is composed of two letters that stand for a single phoneme.

digraph

A single vowel sound made up of a glide from one vowel to another in immediate sequence and pronounced in one syllable is called A(n) ____________________.

diphthong

The phoneme /oi/ is an example of A(n) ____________________.

diphthong

A(n) ____ is a special single vowel sound made up of a glide from one vowel to another. The phonemes that represent these sounds are /oi/ and /___/.

diphthong /ou/

(T/F) All graphemes are digraphs.

false

(T/F) Implicit approaches to teaching phonics have proven more effective than explicit approaches.

false

Identify a word in which the letter w functions as a vowel.

few

Which of the following words contain an open syllable son go dew love through fire

go, dew, and through

A letter or combination of letters that represents a phoneme is called A(n) ___.

grapheme

Systematic synthetic phonics instruction (has, does not have) a positive and significant effect on disabled readers' reading skills.

has

phoneme counting

identifies the number of phonemes in a word

The chapter identifies several skills teachers can use to teach children to manipulate phonemes. What does research suggest about using a multiskilled approach to teach children to manipulate phonemes?

in instruction the focus on one or two skills produces greater transfer than a multiskilled approach. phoneme segmentation and blending are basic and belong in beginning instructional programs.

The schwa sound usually has a(n) (consistent, inconsistent) spelling.

inconsistent

Emergent literacy (is, is not) concerned with the earliest phases of literacy development, the period between birth and the time when children read and write conventionally.

is

The syllable in English (is, is not) the basic unit of pronunciation.

is

Having children practice visual discrimination for reading by using pictures and geometric shapes (is, is not) an effective procedure.

is not

How does knowledge of phonics foster independence in learning to read?

leaming letter-sound associations enables children to apply this know-edge in the process of decoding unknown words.

The orthographic symbol used to represent a long vowel sound is called a ___.

macron

If a child enters kindergarten reading at the third-grade level, do you believe that she should go through the phonics curriculum as set up by the district? Why?

no. phonics should be viewed as a means to an end.

Any syllable that ends with a vowel phoneme is called a(n) ____________________ syllable.

open

What is the relationship between oral language and reading achievement? How are deficits in oral language development especially problematic for L2 learners?

oral language serves as an essential foundation on which reading instruction can and should be built.

Fill in the proper vowel phoneme for each of the underlined letter(s). paid /______/ (ai) turn /______/ (u) die /______/ (ie) plaid /______/ (ai) boy /______/ (oy) owl /______/ (ow) eulogy /______/ (eu) pull /______/ (u) wand /______/ (a) said /______/ (ai) rule /______/ (u) other /______/ (o)

paid /ā/ turn /û/ die /ī/ plaid /ă/ boy /oi/ owl /ou/ eulogy /ū/ pull /ŏo/ wand /ŏ/ said /ĕ/ rule /ooo/ other /ŭ/

Which of the following terms refer to a sound phoneme vowel grapheme rime diphthong digraph consonant phonogram

phoneme vowel rime dipthong consonant

___ is the ability to recognize spoken words as sequences of individual sounds.

phonetic awareness

The study of human speech sounds is known as ___.

phonetics

(Phonics, Phonetics) is the method used to teach beginning reading.

phonics

What is the relationship between phonics and a person's speaking- listening vocabulary?

phonics helps only if the unknown word is part of the readers speaking-listening vocabulary.

Why might a school cumulative file that contains information indicating that a child has successfully passed a vision test be misleading?

reading is a visual act that requires effective near-point (close) vision. yet the type of tests often administered to children at the beginning stages of schooling simply measure far-point (distant) vision.

phoneme categorization

recognize a word with a sound that does not match the sounds in other words

phoneme deletion

removing phonemes from words to make new words

A phonogram is the graphic representation of A(n) ____________________.

rime

A(n) ____________________ is a part of the syllable that includes the vowel sound and any consonant sound(s) that come(s) after it.

rime

A(n) ____________________ is a soft vowel sound closely resembling the short sound of u that commonly occurs in unstressed syllables.

schwa

An unstressed sound commonly occurring in unstressed syllables and very closely resembling the short u sound is A(n) ___.

schwa

Phoneme ___ is the ability to isolate all the sounds of a word.

segmentation

Each syllable must contain one and only one vowel ___.

sound

Define the following phonics terms. Vowel:

sounds represented by a, e, i, o, u and sometimes w and y

Consonant:

sounds represented by any letter of the alphabet except a, e, i, o, u

Underline any consonant or vowel digraph in the following words: stew the why star meet shut glove good sing glut

stew (ew) the (th) why (wh) meet (ee) shut (sh) good (oo) sing (ng)

phoneme substitution

substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word

A(n) ___ is a unit of pronunciation that consists of a vowel alone or a vowel with one or more consonants.

syllable

(Synthetic, Analytic) programs generally emphasize the learning of individual sounds, often in isolation, and follow with instruction that teaches children how to blend these individual sounds to form words.

synthetic

phoneme isolation

teach children to isolate sounds in words

phoneme identity

teach children to recognize common sounds in different words

What implications does the concept of emergent literacy hold for teachers of beginning reading? Are these implications similar or different for children who are learning English as a second language?

teachers need to realize that the wide range of experiences that children have had with language before formal schooling begins would be used in assisting them to learn to read. children's understanding about print awareness, concepts of print, sense of story, oral language, and writing will have a significant bearing on their ultimate success in reading achievement.

phoneme segmentation

the ability to isolate all the sounds of a word

Onset:

the consonant sound (s) of a syllable that come(s) before the vowel sound

Rime:

the part of a syllable that includes the vowel sounds and any consonant sound(s) following it

Phoneme:

the smallest sound unit of a language that distinguishes one word from another

Define the following phonic terms Phoneme:

the smallest unit of a language that distinguishes one word from another

Numerous studies have shown that children who begin their schooling with knowledge of the ABCs are more likely to become better readers than children who lack this knowledge. Does it then follow that teaching children their ABCs will produce better readers? Why?

there is no cause-and-effect between knowledge of ABCs and effective reading. This knowledge is simply indicative of a host of factors that are often conductive to learning to read.

Put an X by the pair(s) below that contain(s) the same vowel phoneme. book—room ________ wool—food ________ pool—stood ________ too—shoes ________

too—shoes

(T/F) All digraphs are graphemes.

true

Digraph:

two letter that stand for a single phoneme

Digraph:

two letters that stand for a single phoneme

The inconsistent spelling of (consonant sounds, vowel sounds) is a basic problem of phonics.

vowel sounds

A (phonics, whole-word) emphasis would most likely be more effective with a word such as pneumonia. Why?

whole-word pneumonia does not follow many phonic generalizations, especially vowel generalizations. consequently, efforts spent with a whole-word emphasis would most likely produce better results.