Six hallmarks of cancer

4.Limitless replicative potential

-Activate telomerase to restore and maintain telomeres at the end of chromosomes -Protect their chromosomes- retain the ability to divide over and over again

3. Evading apoptosis (Cell Death)

-Normally apoptosis triggered in response to normal development and excess growth -Pathway to apoptosis is disabled (mutation of p53)

1. Self sufficiency in growth signals

-Secrete growth factors that stimulate own growth -Increase growth factor receptors -Cell surface receptor is mutated in the "on" position-constant cell growth/division

6. Tissue invasion and metastasis

-Specific mutations activate ability of cells to metastasize -Ex. decreased cell to cell adhesion, secretion of preteases that digest surrrounding barriers, and ability to grow in new locations

2. Insensitivity to antigrowth signals

Antigrowth signals stop unregulated growth- are inactivated in cancer

5. Sustained angiogenesis

Stimulate angiogenesis to form their own blood supply- delivers O2 and nutrients