skeletal and joints

Coccyx

1

Sacrum

1

Thoracic vertebra

12

Atlas

1st vertebra, holds head

Axis

2nd vertebra, rotates head

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

4 types of paranasal sinuses

Lumbar vertebra

5

Cervical vertebra

7

Lacunae

Spaces between lamellae

Rotation

a bone spins one bone to another, rotating the head at the neck joint

26 bones

adult bones

Tarsals

ankle

Frontal bones

anterior part of cranium

Ethmoid bone

anterior portion of cranium, nasal conchae

Lumbar region

anteriorly

Calcium

bone is a major storage site for _

Osteoclasts

breakdown bone

Meatus

canal like passageway ex: external auditory

Medullary cavity

center of epiphysis red or yellow marrow

Central canal

center of osteon, contains blood vessel

Vertebral column or spine

central axis of the skeleton

Zygomatic bones

cheek bones

Clavicle

collar bone

Axial skeleton

composed of skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Hydroxyapatite

compressional strength

Articular cartilage

covers epiphyses and reduces friction

8 bones

cranial has_ bones

Cervical region

curves anterior

Thoracic region

curves posterior

Compact bone

dense with few spaces

Fossa

depression, example:; glenoid fossa

Epiphysis

ends of a spongy bone

canals

exchanging gasses and nutrients

14 bones

face has_ bones

Metatarsals

foot

Ulna and Radius

forearm

Nasal bones

form bridge nose

Palatine bones

form posterior portion of hard palate

Ossification

formation of the bone by osteoblasts

Maxillae

former upper jaw

Mandible

forms freely movable joint, lower jaw bone

Sphenoid bone

forms part of cranium floor, sella turcica

Diarthrosis

freely movable joint

Metacarpals

hand

Spongy bone

has many spaces

Acetabulum

hip socket

Foramen

hole, example: foramen magnum

Pelvis

includes pelvic girdle

Ischium

inferior and posterior region

Temporal bones

inferior to parietal bones

Endochondral ossification

inside hyaline cartilage

Synovial

joined by a fluid cavity

Extension

joint increases the angle of the joint

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

joints can be classified as_

Patella

knee cap

Paranasal sinuses

large cavity which open into the nasal cavity

Tibia

large lower leg

Inferior nasal conchae

lateral walls of nasal cavity

Spongy bone

located at the epiphyses of long bones, it has no osteons

Osteocytes

located in lacunae

Red marrow

location of blood forming

Tubercle

lump of bone

Lacrimal bones

medial surface of eye orbits

Periosteum

membrane around bones outer surface

Endosteum

membrane that lines medullary cavity

Vomer

midline of nasal cavity

ilium

most superior

Yellow marrow

mostly fat

Synarthrosis

non movable joint

Occipital bones

posterior portion of cranium

Osteoblasts

produce bone matrix

Process

projection, ex: mastoid process

Collagen

provides flexible strength

Sacral and coccygeal

regions together curve posteriorly

lamella

rings of bone matrix

Diaphysis

shaft

Scapula

shoulder bone

Parietal bone

sides and roof cranium

Epiphyseal plate

site of growth between diaphysis and epiphysis

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint

Fibula

small lower leg

Condyle

smooth rounded end, ex: occipital condyle

Marrow

soft tissue

Osteon

structural unit of compact bone

22 bones

the skull has _ bones

Femur

thigh

Canaliculus

tiny canals

Phalanges

toes and fingers

Fibrous joint

united by fibrous connective tissue

Cartilaginous

united by means of cartilages

Hyoid bone

unpaired u shaped bone that is not part of the skull

Humerus

upper limb

Pelvic girdle

where lower libs attach to the body

Articulations

where to joints joined together

Intramembranous ossification

within connective tissue membrane,bones of skull

Carpals

wrists