Skeletal System
Compare male and female pelvis
Male: pelvis smaller pelvic outlet, smaller pubic angle, narrower lower pelvis Female: larger pelvic outlet, larger pubic angle, broad lower pelvis
List some requirements for bone growth
Mineral supply, Vitamin D3, Vitamins A & D, Hormones
bones of the palms of your hands
metacarpals
Which skeletal function do bones act as levers for muscles
movement
Calcium balance is vital to these two types of cells
neurons and muscle cells
facture that projects through the skin
open or compound
special movement of a thumb that allows primates to grasp objects
opposition
vitamin d3 leads to this disease
rickets
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
components of the axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
Projections of bone, separated by space, lighter than compact bone and found in epiphyses
spongy bone
Rotation of palm towards anterior position
supination
Functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
3 factors that affect bone remodeling
appropriate stress, exercise, calcium balance in body fluids
how many bones in axial skeleton vs appendicular
axial = 80 appendicular= 126
which type of joint allows for rotational movement
ball and socket
C-1=, C-2=
c-1= atlas C-2= Axis
which hormone decreases calcium levels in blood by depositing calcium salts to bones
calcitonin
2/3 if the mass of your bones comes from what salt deposited into the matrix
calcium phosphate
Regions of vertebral column from top to bottom
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
moving arm in a loop
circumduction
bones of pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
Internal fracture is called this
closed or simple
1/3 of the mass of your bones comes from what?
collagen fibers and bone cells
densely packed bone, found in diaphysis
compact bone
bones tissue (osseous tissue) falls into which general tissue
connective
bones the collectively protect the brain
cranium
central shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
type of join that allows free movement
diarthrosis
lines marrow cavity and spongy bone
endosteum
when growth stops epiphyseal plate becomes this
epiphyseal line
Fancy term for growth plates - which help to increase length of long bones
epiphyseal plate
wider portions on each end of a long bone
epiphysis
movement that increases angle at a hinge joint
extension
ribs that do not attach to the sternum
false ribs
movement that decreases an angle at a hinge joint
flexion
ribs that do not connect at all to sternum
floating ribs
connective tissue that joins cranial bones at birth
fontanelles
which type of joint is found between phalanges orin your elbow
hinge
vertabrae of long bones would be which type
irregular
structures that join our bones to other bones
ligaments
Bones of your limbs would be which type of bone
long bones
4 Types of bones based on shape
long, short, flat, irregular
functions of paranasal sinuses
makes skull bones lighter and provides area for mucus secretion via epithelium
how is pelvic girdle different from pectoral
Bones of the pelvic girdle are larger because they need to support more weight
type of joint that allows little movement
ampiarthrosis
a.) upper jaw= b.) lower jaw=
a.) Maxilla B.) Mandible
movement away longitudinal axis of body
abduction
movement toward longitudinal axis of body
adduction
what is the role of fontanelles
allows for flexibilty in shape of ksull during child birth
process of replacing cartilage with bone
ossification
cells that produce new bone through ossification
osteablasts
large cells that secrete acid and enzymes to break done bone matrix (bone destroyers)
osteaclasts
general bone cell name- mature cells that maintain bone structure by recycling calcium salts
osteocyte
functional unit of compact bone, made of concentric circles of lamelle
osteon
loss of bone that impairs normal function
osteoporosis
which hormones increase calcium levels in blood by removing calcium salts from bones
parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol
components o f appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle+ bones of upper limbs. pelvic girdle + bones of lower limbs
outer covering of bone
periosteum
Rotation of palm towards posterior position
pronation
Which part of bones produce blood cells
red bone marrow
when fontanelles disappear, these are the joints between skull bones
sutures
Type of joint that allows no movement
synarthrosis
fluid found in synovial joints; decreases friction within the joint
synovial
structural category in diarthrosis
synovial joints
ribs that connect directly to sternum via costal cartilages
true ribs
Anterior tip of the sternum
xiphoid process