Skeletal System

Compare male and female pelvis

Male: pelvis smaller pelvic outlet, smaller pubic angle, narrower lower pelvis Female: larger pelvic outlet, larger pubic angle, broad lower pelvis

List some requirements for bone growth

Mineral supply, Vitamin D3, Vitamins A & D, Hormones

bones of the palms of your hands

metacarpals

Which skeletal function do bones act as levers for muscles

movement

Calcium balance is vital to these two types of cells

neurons and muscle cells

facture that projects through the skin

open or compound

special movement of a thumb that allows primates to grasp objects

opposition

vitamin d3 leads to this disease

rickets

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

scoliosis

components of the axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Projections of bone, separated by space, lighter than compact bone and found in epiphyses

spongy bone

Rotation of palm towards anterior position

supination

Functions of the skeletal system

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

3 factors that affect bone remodeling

appropriate stress, exercise, calcium balance in body fluids

how many bones in axial skeleton vs appendicular

axial = 80 appendicular= 126

which type of joint allows for rotational movement

ball and socket

C-1=, C-2=

c-1= atlas C-2= Axis

which hormone decreases calcium levels in blood by depositing calcium salts to bones

calcitonin

2/3 if the mass of your bones comes from what salt deposited into the matrix

calcium phosphate

Regions of vertebral column from top to bottom

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

moving arm in a loop

circumduction

bones of pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

Internal fracture is called this

closed or simple

1/3 of the mass of your bones comes from what?

collagen fibers and bone cells

densely packed bone, found in diaphysis

compact bone

bones tissue (osseous tissue) falls into which general tissue

connective

bones the collectively protect the brain

cranium

central shaft of a long bone

diaphysis

type of join that allows free movement

diarthrosis

lines marrow cavity and spongy bone

endosteum

when growth stops epiphyseal plate becomes this

epiphyseal line

Fancy term for growth plates - which help to increase length of long bones

epiphyseal plate

wider portions on each end of a long bone

epiphysis

movement that increases angle at a hinge joint

extension

ribs that do not attach to the sternum

false ribs

movement that decreases an angle at a hinge joint

flexion

ribs that do not connect at all to sternum

floating ribs

connective tissue that joins cranial bones at birth

fontanelles

which type of joint is found between phalanges orin your elbow

hinge

vertabrae of long bones would be which type

irregular

structures that join our bones to other bones

ligaments

Bones of your limbs would be which type of bone

long bones

4 Types of bones based on shape

long, short, flat, irregular

functions of paranasal sinuses

makes skull bones lighter and provides area for mucus secretion via epithelium

how is pelvic girdle different from pectoral

Bones of the pelvic girdle are larger because they need to support more weight

type of joint that allows little movement

ampiarthrosis

a.) upper jaw= b.) lower jaw=

a.) Maxilla B.) Mandible

movement away longitudinal axis of body

abduction

movement toward longitudinal axis of body

adduction

what is the role of fontanelles

allows for flexibilty in shape of ksull during child birth

process of replacing cartilage with bone

ossification

cells that produce new bone through ossification

osteablasts

large cells that secrete acid and enzymes to break done bone matrix (bone destroyers)

osteaclasts

general bone cell name- mature cells that maintain bone structure by recycling calcium salts

osteocyte

functional unit of compact bone, made of concentric circles of lamelle

osteon

loss of bone that impairs normal function

osteoporosis

which hormones increase calcium levels in blood by removing calcium salts from bones

parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol

components o f appendicular skeleton

pectoral girdle+ bones of upper limbs. pelvic girdle + bones of lower limbs

outer covering of bone

periosteum

Rotation of palm towards posterior position

pronation

Which part of bones produce blood cells

red bone marrow

when fontanelles disappear, these are the joints between skull bones

sutures

Type of joint that allows no movement

synarthrosis

fluid found in synovial joints; decreases friction within the joint

synovial

structural category in diarthrosis

synovial joints

ribs that connect directly to sternum via costal cartilages

true ribs

Anterior tip of the sternum

xiphoid process