SLHS 539 quizzes, quiz questions, and final learning objectives

Distinguish the two major classifications of stroke.

- Ischemic or Infarctions - Hemorrhagic or Bleed

The basal ganglia are associated with which of the following functions? Select all that apply.

- Procedural learning - Voluntary motor control

Wernicke's area corresponds to which Brodmann area?

22

Which of the following components of the limbic system is linked to fear:

Amygdala

Which of the following supplies blood to the majority of the medial areas of the cortex?

Anterior cerebral artery

Damage to the mammillary bodies due to thiamine deficiency can lead to:

Anterograde amnesia

Which of the following is not a prefrontal lobe function?

Auditory perception

Which Brodmann areas correspond to the angular and supra marginal gyri?

BA 39/40

Why does the action potential travel from the axon hillock to the terminal buttons and not in the other direction?

Because the axonal membrane is hyperpolarized after an action potential

Which of the following language behavior(s) is not associated with Broca's (or non-fluent) aphasia?

Better expression than comprehension

What does BOLD stand for?

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent

Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia (PNFA) is very similar to which type of aphasia?

Broca's

Which of the following brain imaging techniques involves the use of an X-ray in motion?

CT or CAT scan

The Brodmann areas were defined based on differences in:

Cellular architecture between brain regions

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a moderate TBI?

Coma longer than 24 hours

Patients with RHD have problems understanding which type of meaning?

Connotative

The afferent processes of neurons are called:

Dendrites

Which of the following techniques could be used to study WHEN a specific process takes place in the brain?

EEG

Which of the following statements is true about CTE?

Early on, CTE sufferers may display clinical symptoms such as memory impairment, emotional instability, erratic behavior, depression and problems with impulse control.

The neural plate forms from which type of tissue:

Ectoderm

Which of the following develops into the nervous system and the skin?

Ectoderm

Which of the following is a clot that travels through the bloodstream

Embolus

A TIA never causes lesions that can be seen on an MRI scan.

False

A subdural hematoma occurs when bleeding occurs in the space between the dura mater and the skull

False

Clostridium botulinum ("the miracle poison") causes the contraction of muscles by blocking the pre-synaptic release of ACh.

False

EEG is a hemodynamic brain imaging technique

False

Gray matter consists of myelinated axons

False

In a T2 image, water appears black.

False

MRI is available in all hospitals as it is cheaper than CT machines.

False

Morphological errors only occur in spoken language aphasia, not in sign language aphasia.

False

Pick bodies correspond to the posture of patients with fronto-temporal dementia.

False

Primary Progressive Aphasia is a variant of vFTD or Pick's Disease

False

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the USA.

False

The limbic system interacts very little with the neocortex, which is why our emotions do not influence our decision making processes.

False

The occipital cortex lies ventral to the temporal cortex.

False

The peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

False

The severity of a traumatic brain injury equates to the functioning level of the patient.

False

There are 10 times more glial cells than neurons in the CNS.

False

There are no anatomical differences between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

False

Split brain patients:

Have more difficulties doing spatial tasks with their right hand than with their left hand

Why did Mr Leborgne come see Dr. Broca at the hospital?

He had gangrene.

Anterograde amnesia can be caused by damage to which part of the limbic system?

Hippocampus

Which of the following is a hyperkinetic disorder? (select all that apply)

Huntington's chorea Tourette's syndrome

Which atoms act like dipoles and are used to create MRI images?

Hydrogen atoms

Which of the following RHD-related symptoms can directly affect reading and writing skills?

Left hemispatial neglect

A disruption of blood flow in the posterior cerebral artery can result in which of the following symptoms ?

Loss of half of the field of vision on the side opposite to the stroke

Which main cerebral artery supplies blood to the perisylvian cortex?

MCA

Which of the following is a structural imaging technique?

MRI

Which of the following is the best imaging technique to visualize an ischemic stroke within an hour post-ictus?

MRI

Which of the following structures plays a role in linking memories with the sense of smell:

Mammilary bodies

Which of the following releases chemicals that induce formation of the neural plate and closure of the neural tube?

Notochord

Which cerebral lobe is the most important for vision?

Occipital

Which are the glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes

The disinhibited variant of bvFTD is generally associated with a degeneration of which part of the cortex?

Orbito-frontal cortex

Which type of brain imaging technique allows to see the accumulation of tau proteins?

PET

Which of the following is a hypokinetic disorder?

Parkinson's Disease

At the Circle of Willis, which artery joins the middle cerebral and posterior cerebral arteries?

Posterior communicating artery

Heschl's gyrus is the host of the:

Primary auditory cortex

Which of the following cells facilitate migration?

Radial glial cells

Which of the following is not typically associated with the behavioral variant of fronto-temporal dementia?

Severe language comprehension impairment

Which of the meningeal layer(s) is/are prone to infection in cases of meningitis?

The arachnoid mater and the subarachnoid space

The right and left vertebral arteries join with which artery that then joins the Circle of Willis?

The basilar artery

Why is the left hemisphere typically better at detecting fast acoustic changes than the right hemisphere?

The cortical minicolumns are more widely spread in the left than right hemisphere

The fornix is a direct pathway relaying which structure to which other structure?

The mammillary bodies to the hippocampus

The hindbrain consists of

The metencephalon and myelencephalon

Which of the following brain areas was not part of the Wernicke-Geshwind model of speech production?

The pre-supplementary motor area

Which of the following is a hyperkinetic disorder?

Tourette's

A concussion can often be equated to a mild traumatic brain injury in terms of resulting symptoms

True

All of the ventricles contain choroid plexus, which produce cerebrospinal fluid.

True

Aphasia is an acquired language disorder.

True

Iconic sign errors are less frequently produced than non-iconic sign errors in sign language aphasia.

True

In the direct pathway, inhibitory neurons in the Globus Pallidus internal (GPi) are inhibited by striatal neurons. Therefore, the thalamus is released from inhibition.

True

Left hemisphere damage in an individual that uses sign language results in language deficits similar to those seen in individuals that use spoken language

True

The WADA test is an invasive method used to determine hemispheric dominance clinically.

True

The angular and supra marginal gyri play a role in language?

True

The cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.

True

There is a genetic component to primary progressive aphasia.

True

functional MRI has better time-resolution than anatomical MRI

True

Which channels need to open for the membrane depolarization to take place?

Voltage-gated sodium channels

Which type of aphasia does the fluent primary progressive aphasia roughly correspond to?

Wernicke's

4 main charged particle types (ions or more complex molecules) are involved in the transmission of neural impulses. At rest, high concentrations of [a] and [b] are found OUTSIDE the membrane while high concentrations of [c] and [d] are found INSIDE the membrane.

[a]: sodium [b]: chloride [c]: potassium [d]: organic anions

Which of the following is not a basal ganglia structure?

amygdala

On the left side of the body the subclavian artery ___________________.

arises directly from the aortic arch

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

configuring the amino acid chains into proteins

The major pathway between the two hemispheres of the brain is known as the

corpus callosum

Brodmann areas were defined based on:

cytoarchitectonic differences between brain regions

Which physiological responses are the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for:

decreased respiration and contracted pupils

Which of the following techniques is used to study white matter pathways in the brain?

diffusion MRI

Which of the following is an example of semantic paraphasia for the target word "cat"?

dog

The substantia nigra contains which type of neuron?

dopaminergic

Which of the following separates the lobes of the cerebrum

falx cerebri

The primary motor cortex is located in the:

frontal lobe

Right hemisphere parietal lobe damage in an individual that uses sign language would result in:

impaired visuospatial abilities

Which of the following is not a role of cerebrospinal fluid?

neuronal activation

The brainstem is comprised of:

pons, medulla, midbrain

On which cut of the sheep brain was the corpus callosum most easily identifiable?

sagital section

Which of the following bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid?

the brachiocephalic artery

Which of the following structures is part of the striatum?

the caudate nucleus

What is the equivalent of the central sulcus in the sheep brain?

the cruciate fissure

Which part of the brain is more developed in sheep than in humans?

the olfactory bulbs