SMALL PARTS FINAL
which principle defines the relationship between velocity and pressure?
Bernoulli
Which testicular carcinoma is the most aggressive and presents as a focal or diffuse hypoechoic mass with distinct or indistinct boundaries? Teratocarcinoma Choriocarcinoma Seminoma Embryonal cell
Embryonal cell
What developmental cyst occurs because of a congenital modification in the cervical lymphatic system? Branchial cleft cyst Cystic hygroma Thyroglossal duct cysts Cleft fistula
Cystic hygroma
All _______________ neoplasms are considered _____________ until proven otherwise.
INTRATESTICULAR MALIGNANT
Into which vein does the right testicular vein drain? renal vein common iliac vein IVC IMA
IVC
which vein does the right testicular vein drain into renal vein common iliac vein IVC IMV
IVC
Most undescended testis occurs in which region? Lymphatics Inguinal canal Retroperitoneum Retrovesicular pouch
Inguinal canal
Most undescended testis occurs in which region? Retroperitoneum Lymphatics Inguinal canal Retrovesicular pouch
Inguinal canal
Where is the dartos muscle located? Epididymis Scrotum Spermatic cord Urinary bladder
Scrotum
what is the term for a neurologic event that results in symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours?
TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Which abnormality is associated with cystic hygroma? Addison syndrome Morrison syndome Trisomy 26 Trisomy 21
Trisomy 21
cystic hygroma can be associated with which anomaly Trisomy 27 morrison disease Trisomy 21 wilm's tumor
Trisomy 21
what is the most common etiology of graves disease autoimmune disorder diffuse hyperthyroidism multiple cysts vitamin K deficiency
autoimmune disorder
graves disease is autoimmune hyperthyroidism autoimmune hypothyroidism secondary hyperthyroidism normal thyroid function
autoimmune hyperthyroidism
Which artery becomes the brachial artery? radial artery subclavian artery axillary artery cephalic artery
axillary artery
what artery is formed by the junction of the vertebral arteries?
basilar
which vein in the upper arm courses medially and does not travel with an artery ?
basilic vein
What is the most common extratesticular neoplasm? teratoma seminoma lipoma benign adenomatoid tumor
benign adenomatoid tumor
what is the most common extratesticular tumor lipoma teratoma leiomyoma benign adenomatoid tumor
benign adenomatoid tumor
what lab values are elevated in embryonal cell carcinoma beta-hCG AFP beta-hCG and AFP none of these
beta-hCG and AFP
What cells are the major target for parathyroid hormone? liver and heart liver and kidney bone and spleen bone and kidney
bone and kidney
what are the major target cells of PTH bone and kidney liver and kidney bone and liver bone and spleen
bone and kidney
Which of the following are sonographic characteristics of thyroid carcinoma? central hypervascularity hyperechoic taller than wide eggshell calcifications microcalcifications
central hypervascularity taller than wide microcalcifications
which testicular tumor will always show an elevated beta-hCG and has the worst prognosis?
chorciocarcinoma
Which malignant testicular tumor has the worst prognosis and will show elevated beta-hCG levels? seminoma teratoma embryonal cell carcinoma choricocarcinoma
choricocarcinoma
Which testicular malignancy will always show an elevated beta-hCG? choriocarcinoma granuloma embryonal cell carcinoma seminoma
choriocarcinoma
which malignant neoplasm has the worst prognosis choriocarcinoma teratoma seminoma embryonal cell carcinoma
choriocarcinoma
Which thyroid pathology is demonstrated in this image? adenoma papillary carcinoma colloid cyst hashimoto's
colloid cyst
What artifact can be identified distal to the transverse image showing a small echogenic structure within the colloid cyst? reverberation shadowing comet tail side lobe
comet tail
what type of artifact can be associated with a complex thyroid cyst posterior enhancement comet- tail shadowing none of these
comet tail
which vein is the first to be assessed when beginning a lower extremity venous doppler exam ?
common femoral vein (CFV)
What developmental cyst occurs because of a congenital modification in the cervical lymphatic system? cleft fistula thyroglossal duct cyst cystic hygroma branchial cleft cyst
cystic hygroma
an increase in blood viscosity results in a(n) ___________ in velocity
decrease
the radius of a vessel is _______ proportional to the volume flow
directly
What part of the waveform does letter "A" represent? early systole late systole early diastole late diastole
early systole
Which is the most aggressive scrotal malignancy? seminoma embryonal cell carcinoma choriocarcinoma teratocarcinoma
embryonal cell carcinoma
Which pathology distribution is associated with geographic areas where the soil, water, and food supply contain low levels of iodine? random sporadic hereditary endemic
endemic
Which type of goiter occurs in areas where there are low levels of iodine? endemic sporadic
endemic
which type of goiter occurs in areas where the soil and water is iodine deficient?
endemic
Which benign intratesticular neoplasm has a right-sided prevalence and a "bulls-eye" or "onion ring" appearance? epidermoid cysts Leydig cell tumor sertoli cell tumor lipoma
epidermoid cysts
True or False adenomas are malignant neoplastic growth
false
true or false Simple intratesticular cysts are symptomatic.
false
true or false The right common carotid artery is the second branch of the aortic arch.
false
true or false The tibioperoneal trunk divides into the anterior tibial and peroneal arteries.
false
true or false leiomyomas have irregular borders and hypervascularity
false
true or false low resistance vessels demonstrate reversal of flow
false
true or false simple intratesticular cysts are symptomatic
false
true or false Thyroid inferno refers to the hypovascular state seen in hyperthyroidism.
false
true or false Follicular carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer
false
true or false Follicular carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer.
false
true or false The testicular artery is a high resistance vessel.
false
true or false The tibioperoneal trunk divides into the anterior tibial and peroneal arteries.
false
true or false Thyroid inferno refers to the hypovascular state seen in hyperthyroidism.
false
true or false Undescended testicles have a low risk of becoming malignant
false
true or false cystic hygroma is a malignant growth on the neck
false
true or false papillary carcinoma is highly aggressive
false
true or false the longus colli muscle sits anterior to the thyroid
false
true or false The testicular artery has a high-resistance waveform.
false
true or false thyroid inferno refers to decrease thyroid vascularity
false
true or false a pyramidal lobe extends downward from the isthmus
fasle
true or false the testicular artery is a high resistance vessel
fasle
Hurthle cell carcinoma is a form of which thyroid cancer? papillary anaplastic follicular medullary
follicular
which cells process iodine to secrete T3 and T4 follicular cells parafollicular cells
follicular cells
what is name of the structure where the vertebral arteries enter the skull?
foramen magnum
what is the name of the pathology in this image? it represents a complication of untreated epididymo-orchitis
fournier gangrene
A patient comes in for a testicular ultrasound has a history of TB and complains of a painful, swollen scrotum. The epididymis is enlarged and hypervascular and there is scrotal wall thickening. What is the likely diagnosis for this patient? epididymitis seminoma granulomatous disease pyocele
granulomatous disease
which vein is the longest in the body?
greater saphenous vein (GSV)
Which structure connects the fetal testis to the scrotum and eventually becomes the scrotal ligament? tunica dartos cremaster ligament gubernaculum testis testis vaginalis
gubernaculum testis
what is the most common inflammatory disease of the thyroid graves disease hashimoto thyroiditis goiter thyroid inferno
hashimoto thyroiditis
which is the most common route for thyroid metastasis hematogenous lymphatic
hematogenous
the superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery after passing through___________
hunter's canal
What is the third branch off the aortic arch? left common carotid artery left subclavian artery innominate artery right common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what is the third branch off of the aortic arch innominate artery left common carotid artery right common carotid artery left subclavian artery
left subclavian artery
Where are idiopathic varicoceles most common? right sided left-sided bilateral retroperitoneal
left-sided
What is the most prevalent type of thyroid carcinoma? anaplastic medullary papillary follicular
papillary
What is the most prevalent type of thyroid carcinoma? medullary papillary follicular anaplastic
papillary
what is the most prevalent type of thyroid carcinoma anaplastic medullary follicular papillary
papillary
which thyroid cancer is most prevalent papillary medullary follicular hurthle cell
papillary
what is the most common malignancy tumor of the thyroid?
papillary carcinoma
which type of laminar flow demonstrates velocity that is highest in the center of the lumen?
parabolic
Which pathology is responsible for the majority of primary hyperparathyroid cases? hyperplasia parathyroid adenoma papillary carcinoma parathyroid cysts
parathyroid adenoma
Which pathology is responsible for the majority of primary hyperparathyroid cases? papillary carcinoma parathyroid adenoma parathyroid cysts hyperplasia
parathyroid adenoma
which pathology is responsible for the majority of primary hyperparathyroid cases parathyroid adenoma hyperplasia parathyroid cysts papillary carcinoma
parathyroid adenoma
which hormone regulates the calcium and phosphorous concentration in the body?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
what is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism vitamin D deficiency parathyroids adenoma renal failure carcinoma
parathyroids adenoma
what is the name for the part of the wave form represented by the letter B?
peak systole
What structure secretes thyrotropin? pituitary gland hypothalamus parathyroid gland thyroid gland
pituitary gland
A congenital hydrocele is due to the patency of which structure: hunters canal tunica dartos processus vaginalis tunica vaginalis
processus vaginalis
A congenital hydrocele is due to the patency of which structure: processus vaginalis tunica vaginalis
processus vaginalis
Which blood vessel courses along the lateral forearm? ulnar brachial radial basilic
radial
Which of the following is a low-resistance vessel? external carotid artery common iliac artery aorta renal artery
renal artery
What is the most common malignancy affecting the spermatic cord and epididymis? leiomyoma rhabdomyosarcoma lipoma Leydig cell tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma
what is the most common malignancy involving the epididymis and spermatic cord choriocarcinoma rhabdomyosarcoma leiomyosarcoma seminoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
After coming off the aortic arch, what arteries does the innominate artery branch into?
right sub. and right CCA
Identify the type of aneurysm that is demonstrated in the middle image. saccular fusiform berry dissecting
saccular
An 8 year old patient is sent to the ultrasound department for a testicular ultrasound. The patient complains of an intermittent palpable mass within the scrotum and blood in the stool. As you are scanning, this is one of the images you see. No vascularity is noted on the mass. What is the most likely diagnosis? teratoma epididymitis scrotal hernia leiomyoma
scrotal hernia
What is the most common germ cell tumor? benign adenomatoid tumor granuloma seminoma rhabdomyosarcoma
seminoma
Which of the following is the most common germ cell tumor? granuloma teratoma seminoma yolk sac tumor
seminoma
Which of the following is the most common germ cell tumor? teratoma granuloma seminoma yolk sac tumor
seminoma
You have a 36 year old male that presents with a palpable testicular lump x 1 month. You find this well-circumscribed mass that demonstrates hypervascularity and is the most common germ cell tumor. What is the likely diagnosis? seminoma teratoma embryonal cell carcinoma rhabdomyosarcoma
seminoma
what is the most common pure germ cell tumor of the testicle?
seminoma
which is the most common germ cell tumor seminoma embryonal cell carcinoma choriocarcinoma teratoma
seminoma
Hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid pus blood air
serous fluid
what structure should be assessed during normal respiration and valsalva testis median raphe epididymal artery spermatic cord
spermatic cord
"falling snow" is seen in what benign testicular pathology hydrocele pyocele hematocele spermatocele
spermatocele
Which benign mass may demonstrate "falling snow" and posterior enhancement? hematocele spermatocele pyocele varicocele
spermatocele
Which benign mass may demonstrate "falling snow" and posterior enhancement? pyocele varicocele hematocele spermatocele
spermatocele
which upper extremity vein will demonstrate pulsatility due to its proximity to the heart?
subclavian vein
Choose the sonographic characteristics of a thyroid carcinoma. taller than wide ill-defined margins microcalcifications peripheral vascularity cystic elements
taller than wide ill-defined margins microcalcifications
which of the following is aggressive and the largest of all testicular tumors teratoma yolk sac tumor choriocarcinoma teratocarcinoma
teratocarcinoma
in a patient with testicular pain, you see this structure in the inguinal canal. what does it represent?
testicular torsion
The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covers which part of the scrotum: inner lining of scrotal wall testis and epididymis
testis and epididymis
The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries. Which of those two vessels will show an altered waveform if you perform a temporal tap?
the ECA
A varicocele is diagnosed when the pampiniform plexus measures: 1 mm none of these 2mm 6 mm
2 mm
dilatation of the pampiniform plexus is anything over 2mm 4mm 3mm 5mm
2mm
When imaging the thyroid, which transducer should the sonographer use to obtain the widest field of view and the best resolution to detect small lesions? 7.5 to 15 MHz, linear array 5 to 7.5 MHz, sector array 5 to 7.5 MHz, linear array 7.5 to 15 MHz, sector array
7.5 to 15 MHz, linear array
Which sonographic technique is used to document a varicocele? Expiration Valsalva maneuver Inspiration Quiet respiration
Valsalva maneuver
Which sonographic technique is used to document a varicocele? Expiration Valsalva maneuver Inspiration Quiet respiration
Valsalva maneuver
What is the most common etiology of Graves disease? multiple cysts diffuse hyperthyroidism vitamin K deficiency autoimmune disorder
autoimmune disorder
What is the most common primary tumor to metastasize to the testis? Kidney Colon Prostate Lung
Prostate
If a 53-year-old woman presents with the most common solid thyroid mass sonographically identified as well circumscribed, an oval contour, and a halo effect, what is the most likely diagnosis? Hemorrhage Goiter Carcinoma Adenoma
Adenoma
What is the most common etiology of Graves disease? Autoimmune disorder Multiple cysts Vitamin K deficiency Diffuse hyperthyroidism
Autoimmune disorder
which blood vessel forms a lateral border to the thyroid CCA superior thyroid artery cephalic artery vertebral artery
CCA
which vessel will demonstrate a change in the waveform with a temporal tap?
ECA
Although in most cases the sonographic appearance of the testes remains unchanged after vasectomy, what changes can occur in approximately 40% of postvasectomy patients? Infarction of one or both testis Atrophy of the scrotal sac Enlargement of the epididymis Hyperemia to one or both testis
Enlargement of the epididymis
What structure can also be referred to as the globus major? Epididymal tail Epididymal head Testes Seminal vesicles
Epididymal head
true or false endemic goiter occurs in areas of sufficient iodine intake
False
Your patient comes in with a history of untreated epididymo-orchitis and a painful, swollen scrotum. Which pathology does this image represent? Fournier gangrene hematocele none of the these scrotal absces
Fournier gangrene
What pathologic alteration is usually secondary to the spread of tuberculosis from the kidneys, prostate, or seminal vesicles? Pyocele Benign neoplasm Granulomatous disease Epididymal cyst
Granulomatous disease
Compared to the normal testicular parenchyma, what is the predominant sonographic appearance of malignant testicular tumors? Anechoic Hypoechoic Isogenic Hyperechoic
Hypoechoic
What is the most common inflammatory disease of the thyroid? Hashimoto thyroiditis Goiter Thyroid inferno Graves disease
Hashimoto thyroiditis
What is the most common inflammatory disease of the thyroid? Thyroid inferno Graves disease Goiter Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hashimoto thyroiditis
You are scanning a patient with low TSH, hair loss, and weight gain. The thyroid appears as seen in the image below, with hypervascularity. What is the likely diagnosis? papillary carcinoma Hashimotos Graves disease multinodular goiter
Hashimotos
Where does the SFA become the popliteal artery? Femoral canal Hunter's Canal Inguinal canal Profunda canal
Hunter's Canal
Where does the SFA become the popliteal artery? Inguinal canal Hunter's Canal Femoral canal Profunda canal
Hunter's Canal
What is the most common scrotal fluid collection? Hydrocele Pyocele Varicocele Spermatocele
Hydrocele
What is the most common scrotal fluid collection? Hydrocele Spermatocele Pyocele Varicocele
Hydrocele
The left testicular vein drains into the: IVC Right renal vein SMV Left renal vein
Left renal vein
The left testicular vein drains into the: SMV Left renal vein Right renal vein IVC
Left renal vein
What structure is located posterior to the bilateral lobes of the thyroid gland? Longus colli muscle Trachea Esophagus Isthmus
Longus colli muscle
which hormone is the most important for phosphorus and calcium regulation TSH TRH PTH T3 and T4
PTH
In the parathyroid hormone feedback loop, what happens when serum calcium levels are low? PTH secretion increases PTH secretion decreases
PTH secretion increases
What anatomy is included in the spermatic cord? Epididymis Ductus deferens Testicular artery and vein Ejaculatory duct
Testicular artery and vein
What is the best diagnosis if the sonographic features include an irregular, solid, uneven, neovascular, hypoechoic mass with internal echoes within the walls of a normal-sized thyroid gland? Goiter Thyroid carcinoma Thyroid adenoma Multinodular activity
Thyroid carcinoma
Bilaterally, which structure is positioned adjacent to the trachea? Longus colli muscles Esophagus Thyroid gland Common carotid artery
Thyroid gland
which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland T3 calcitonin thyrotropin T4
Thyrotropin
What dilatation of the seminiferous tubules is usually seen bilaterally and is associated with epididymal cysts and spermatoceles? Epidermoid cysts Tubular ectasia of the rete testis Chronic hematocele Embryonal cell mass
Tubular ectasia of the rete testis
What is the most common etiology of Graves disease? multiple cysts diffuse hyperthyroidism vitamin K deficiency autoimmune disorder
autoimmune disorder
which scrotal pathology is associated with fournier gangrene hydrocele hematocele teratoma abscess
abscess
A cold nodule indicates the thyroid was unable to complete the function with the radiopharmaceutical? absorb process differentiate expel
absorb
If a 53-year-old woman presents with the most common solid thyroid mass sonographically identified as well-circumscribed, an oval contour, and a halo effect, what is the most likely diagnosis? carcinoma hemorrhage adenoma goiter
adenoma
What is the most common extratesticular neoplasm? leiomyoma granuloma adenomatoid tumor lipoma
adenomatoid tumor
What is the most common extratesticular neoplasm? lipoma granuloma adenomatoid tumor leiomyoma
adenomatoid tumor
what is the most common extratesticular neoplasm adenomatoid tumor lipoma granuloma leiomyoma
adenomatoid tumor
What structure is demonstrated by the arrow in this image? scrotal pearl epididymis head appendix epididymis appendix testis
appendix testis
What is the most critical thyroid anomaly? athyrosis ectopic thyroid thyroglossal cyst pyramidal lobe
athyrosis
What is the most critical thyroid anomaly? thyroglossal cyst pyramidal lobe athyrosis ectopic thyroid
athyrosis
what is the most critical thyroid anomaly pyramidal lobe athyrosis thyroglossal duct cyst ectopic thyroid
athyrosis
what is the most common scrotal fluid collection hydrocele pyocele hematoclele varicocele
hydrocele
Which condition is suggestive of parathyroid pathology? hypercalcemia increased T4 decreased T3 hyperglycemia
hypercalcemia
Which condition is suggestive of parathyroid pathology? increased T4 hyperglycemia hypercalcemia decreased T3
hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism results in hypercalcemia hypocalcemia hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism
hypercalcemia
Grave's disease is an autoimmune condition that causes parahypothyroidism hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism parahyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism
Grave's disease is an autoimmune condition that causes: hypothyroidism parahypothyroidism hyperthyroidism parahyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism
What can be excluded when the patient presents with a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level? hypothyroidism acute thyroiditis parathyroid adenoma thyroid cyst
hypothyroidism
What can be excluded when the patient presents with a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level? parathyroid adenoma thyroid cyst acute thyroiditis hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism
what is the most common occurring thyroid function disorder?
hypothyroidism
Which is a common finding of malignant invasive testicular tumors? decreased testis size smooth contour increased vascularity hyperechoic
increased vascularity
Which is a common finding of malignant invasive testicular tumors? increased vascularity decreased testicular size hyperechoic echogenicity smooth testicular contour
increased vascularity
Which is a common finding of malignant invasive testicular tumors? smooth testicular contour decreased testicular size hyperechoic echogenicity increased vascularity
increased vascularity
which is a common finding of malignant invasive testicular tumor increased vascularity hyperechoic decreased testes size smooth contour
increased vascularity
which type of scrotal hernia is more common in children direct indirect
indirect
in which location are undescended testicles usually found ?
inguinal canal
most undescended testes occur on which region inguinal canal retroperitoneum lymphatic system retrovesicular pouch
inguinal canal
what is the first branch off the aortic arch?
innominate(brachiocephalic) artery
Which type of torsion is more common? extravaginal intravaginal
intravaginal
which type of torsion is more common intravaginal extravaginal
intravaginal
How are viscosity and velocity related? directly inversely
inversely
Velocity is _____________ proportional to vessel diameter. directly inversely
inversely
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? pituitary adenoma autoimmune reaction tumors impinging on the hypothalamus iodine deficiency
iodine deficiency
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? tumors impinging on the hypothalamus autoimmune reaction pituitary adenoma iodine deficiency
iodine deficiency
What is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism? pituitary adenoma irradiation pregnancy iodine deficiency
iodine deficiency
the most common cause of hypothyroidism is excess calcium increased T3 increased iodine intake iodine deficiency
iodine deficiency
what is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism pituitary adenoma iodine deficiency medications irradiation
iodine deficiency
When evaluating the testicles, what is the rule of thumb when you find an intratesticular mass?
its always going to be consider malignant until proven other wise
Which muscle is found posterior to the thyroid omohyoid longus colli sternocledidomastoiud sternothyroid
longus colli
What structure is located posterior to the bilateral lobes of the thyroid gland? isthmus esophagus longus colli muscle trachea
longus colli muscle
What structure is located posterior to the bilateral lobes of the thyroid gland? longus colli muscle trachea isthmus esophagus
longus colli muscle
what muscle lies posterior to the thyroid ?
longus colli muscle
is continuous (steady) flow throughout systole and diastole considered to be high or low resistance?
low
The waveform demonstrated in this image is considered: high resistance triphasic biphasic low resistance
low resistance
What type of waveform is being demonstrated in this image? high resistance triphasic biphasic low resistance
low resistance
which waveform is characteristic of testicular artery high resistance RI of 0.80 low flow pattern low resistance
low resistance
which cancer is the most common bilateral testicular tumor yolk sac tumor teratoma lymphoma lipoma
lymphoma
What structure appears as a linear, echogenic band, in the sagittal plane, coursing through the testicular tissue? rete testis mediastinum testis tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis
mediastinum testis
What is the most common origin of metastasis to the thyroid? melanoma lung renal cell carcinoma breast
melanoma
the most common origin of metastasis to the thyroid is lung cancer melanoma breast cancer renal cell carcinoma
melanoma
What do the thyroid gland hormones regulate? metabolism and growth serve as beta and calcium channel blockers synthesize and develop protein regulates insulin production
metabolism and growth
Which of the following are characteristics of thyroid carcinoma? Select all that apply. microcalcifications short and wide increased vascularity smooth borders irregular borders taller than wide
microcalcifications increased vascularity irregular borders taller than wide
what is the first major branch of the ICA after it enters the skull?
ophthalmic artery
The following image represents which of the following: malignancy torsion abscess orchitis
orchitis
You have a patient come in for a scrotal ultrasound with a history of left-sided testicle pain and swelling. Based on this image, what is the most likely diagnosis? abscess orchitis torsion hematocele
orchitis
what is the definition of claudication?
pain with exercise that subsides at rest
What is the best diagnosis if the sonographic features include an irregular, solid, uneven, neovascular, hypoechoic mass with internal echoes within the walls of a normal-sized thyroid gland? thyroid carcinoma multinodular activity thyroid adenoma goiter
thyroid carcinoma
In which pathology is the "whirlpool" pattern common within the spermatic cord? torsion epididymitis varicocele hernia
torsion
You have a patient that presents with acute testicular pain for the last 3 hours. You scan the testicles and then see the following structure in the inguinal canal. What finding would this correlate with? undescended testis torsion carcinoma spermatocele
torsion
the "whirlpools" pattern is associated with which of the following teratoma torsion hematocele hernia
torsion
which pathology is the "whirlpool" pattern in the spermatic cord associated with epididymitis torsion varicocele hernia
torsion
which type of waveform can be described as having forward flow, reversed flow, and then forward flow again before the next upstroke?
triphasic
true or false Decreased viscosity = increased velocity.
true
true or false In parabolic flow, the velocity is the highest at the center of the lumen.
true
true or false choriocarcinoma have the worst prognosis of all testicular cancer
true
true or false epididymal abscess will have peripheral hyperemia
true
true or false hashitmoto's apperas hypervascular and heterogeneous on ultrasound
true
true or false hurthle cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive form of follicular carcinoma
true
true or false lymphoma is the most common bilateral testicular tumor
true
true or false microlithasis is associated with testicular neoplasms
true
true or false teratocarcinoma is highly aggressive
true
true or false the thyroid is the largest endocrine gland
true
true or false undescended testes are at an increased risk for torsion
true
true or false Arterioles are resistance vessels that control blood flow through contraction and relaxation.
true
true or false Bernoulli principle explains the relationship between velocity and pressure
true
true or false Complete testicular torsion is a critical finding and should be reported to a radiologist immediately.
true
true or false In parabolic flow, the velocity is the highest at the center of the lumen.
true
true or false Ophthalmopathy is a symptom of Graves disease.
true
true or false Papillary carcinoma presents as a painless, palpable nodule.
true
true or false The external carotid artery is a high resistance vessel.
true
true or false Thyroid inferno refers to increased vascularity seen in hyperthyroidism.
true
true or false a thyroglossal duct cyst is a true cyst of the thyroid
true
true or false endemic goiters occur in areas with low iodine levels
true
true or false patient with choriocarcinoma will have elevated beta-hCG
true
true or false seminoma is the most common germ cell tumor
true
true or false During puberty the testes increase in echogenicity due to the growth of the seminiferous tubules.
true
true or false Lymphoma is the most common bilateral testicular tumor.
true
true or false Papillary carcinoma presents as a painless, palpable nodule.
true
true or false The major target cells of parathyroid hormone are the bone and kidney cells.
true
What scrotal pathology is demonstrated in this image (the arrows)? epididymal cysts tubular ectasia varicocele granuloma
tubular ectasia
a dilatation of the efferent ductules in the testis results in the pathology seen in this image. what is the name for it?
tubular ectasia
Which structure are the arrows pointing to in this image? tunica albuginea tunica dartos tunica vaginalis mediastinum testis
tunica albuginea
Which artery courses along the medial aspect of the forearm? cephalic ulnar radial brachial
ulnar
which artery courses along the medial forearm brachial ulnar radial cephalic
ulnar
Which blood vessel is the predominant source of blood flow to the hand? cephalic artery ulnar artery radial artery brachial artery
ulnar artery
scrotal abscess is the most common complication of untreated epididymo-ortchitis untreated testicular torsion untreated spermatocele untreated testicular carcinoma
untreated epididymo-ortchitis
A patient comes in for ultrasound after doctors found a 6 cm abdominal mass in his left lower quadrant. They order a testicular ultrasound. Pressure exerted on blood vessels in the pelvis from the abdominal mass could cause which of the following? epididymal cyst hydrocele pyocele varicocele
varicocele
Valsalva should be used to assist in the diagnosis of which scrotal pathology? hydrocele hematocele pyocele varicocele
varicocele
Which benign pathology is a dilatation of the pampiniform plexus? pyocele spermatocele hydrocele varicocele
varicocele
Bernoulli Principle explains the relationship between: velocity and pressure velocity and viscosity velocity and vessel diameter
velocity and pressure
Bernoulli Principle explains the relationship between: velocity and vessel diameter velocity and pressure velocity and viscosity
velocity and pressure
Poiseulle's Law explains the relationship between: velocity and viscosity velocity and pressure velocity and vessel diameter
velocity and vessel diameter
what structure in the vein (sometimes seen as a linear echogenic flap) prevents retrograde blood flow?
venous valve
which layer of peritoneal sac covers the testes parietal mesentery visceral none of these
visceral
What symptoms may be seen in a patient with hyperthyroidism (select all that apply)? weight loss weight gain increased heart rate amenorrhea hair loss cold intolerance
weight loss increased heart rate amenorrhea
which of the following is common of adenomas irregular borders anechoic multiple well circumscribed
well circumscribed
Which malignant tumor comprises approximately 80% of all childhood testicular tumors? seminoma embryonal cell carcinoma teratocarcinoma yolk sac tumor
yolk sac tumor
Which malignant tumor comprises approximately 80% of all childhood testicular tumors? teratocarcinoma yolk sac tumor embryonal cell carcinoma seminoma
yolk sac tumor
which carcinoma makes up 80% of childhood testicular tumor teratoma choriocarcinoma teratocarcinoma yolk sac tumor
yolk sac tumor
Which tumors account for 80% of all childhood testicular tumors? mixed neoplasms yolk sac tumors embryonal cell carcinomas choriocarcinoma
yolk sac tumors
which tumor accounts for 80% of all childhood testicular tumor mixed neoplasms embryonal cell carcinomas yolk sac tumors choriocarcinoma
yolk sac tumors