Soc 315 Ch 12

cording to Sunita Krishnan, victim blaming has stronger psychological impact on a rape victim than the extent of physiological experience of rape. True False

A

According to Sunita Krishnan, the sex slavery industry trades for females as low as 3 years old. A. True B. False

A.

domestic violence courts

In recent times, special domestic violence courts have been created in an attempt to prevent domestic violence. These courts employ specially trained staff, including judges. They advocate a problem-solving approach, as opposed to a punitive one (Mirchandani, 2005).

Mandatory arrest or pro-arrest rules

Police often leave the scene of a domestic violence incident without making an arrest Mandatory arrest and pro-arrest rules require law enforcement to separate couples, convince the victim to press charges or make an arrest.

marital Rape

Rape involves the issue of consent. There is social and legal ambiguity around the idea of consent. Before the 1970s most cases of marital rape were not even covered by rape laws. Married women used to be governed under the legal standard of coverture (Chapter 2). In regard to intimate partner violence, women had no legal protection from rape by their husbands.

declining violence

The United States has experienced sharp decreases in violent crimes since the 1990s. Family violence has seen a similar decreased The reasons for this are not clear but it is a dramatic decreased

Children

This category includes: biological children, stepchildren, foster children, and adopted children. Any child who relies on an adult for intimate care, generally in the home

Civila protection orders

Under certain conditions (usually very strict), after a spouse or partner is physically abused by the other partner, she or he may be able to obtain a legal order from a judge prohibiting contact between the abused and the abuser or imposing harsher sentences if more violence occurs. Research has shown that these measures need to be adequately applied and enforced if they are to be effective (Klein, 2009)

Sexual assault

Unwanted penetration or touch by force or threat of force, without consent

who is at greatest risk

Women are at much greater risk of rape and of violence that causes serious injury Women with less income and education report experiencing greater levels of violence Relationships that involve drug or alcohol abuse are more likely to be violent Women in cohabitating relationships are more likely to experience violence than those who are married For serious violence, women face higher risks shortly after they have left their abusers

independence

Women's increased economic independence and the greater acceptance of divorce have made it easier for many women to leave abusive relationships, which could reduce the risk of violence

incest

sex between close relatives

married and chobaitating adults

A decline in the number of married or cohabitating adults may have reduced violence simply by reducing the number of people exposed to potentially violent partners

According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey, _____________ percent of women are raped or experience an attempted rape while in college. A. 25-30 B. 20-25 C. 15-20 D. 10-15

B.

Rape occurs primarily A. by strangers attacking women B. among acquaintances, with physical violence C. among acquaintances, with mild or threatened violence D. in committed relationship

C.

According to national surveys, _____________ of men and _____________ of women report being victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking in their lifetime. A. 10, 25 B. 14, 29 C. 21, 32 D. 29, 36

D.

Family Violence: An Institutional Perspective

Family violence often involves secrecy and isolation. Many family members feel as if they are alone in their experience. Family violence is often invisible to outsiders. Not just an individual problem but a systemic one

Child Abuse and Neglect

The act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in (or puts children at imminent risk for) physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation

Elders

This category includes: older family members, usually parents or in-laws. These family members may or may not rely on their children for support.

3. Research shows that 11 percent of the elderly have reported experiencing mistreatment or neglect with the most common experiences being neglect and A. physical abuse. B. sexual abuse. C. emotional abuse. D. financial abuse.

C Discussion: A large national survey of the elderly in 2008 found that 11 percent had experienced some kind of neglect or potential neglect, such as having an unmet need for care, and emotional abuse, such as humiliation or verbal abuse.

Risk factors for children being abused include all of the following EXCEPT A. poverty B. mental health issues C. single parenthood D. lack of social network

C.

According to the text, family violence is usually characterized by A. individuals with personality disorders. B. power differentials between abuser and victim. C. religious convictions on the role of men and women. D. intimacy where the individuals interact in private.

D.

Rape

Forced vaginal, anal, or oral penetration or attempted penetration of a person without his or her consent

The effects of child abuse are often first noted A. when the child becomes an abuser B. in their behavior C. by a teacher D. as signs of PTSD

B.

consequences of family violence

Family violence is usually intimate or sexual and may be repeated in patterns over a long period of time. It is also often initiated in childhood. Family violence can contribute to shame and stigma in addition to physical injury. The effects of abuse are often first observed through an individual's behavior (Woodruff & Lee). Children of abuse are at risk for later behavioral problems and difficulties. Consequences can include (but are not limited to) drug abuse, depression, weight or sleep problems, and so on (S. P. Thomas & Hall, 2008). In general, family violence can contribute to long-term mental health consequences for everyone in the family.

Which of the following is the most common reason why intimate partner violent crime is not reported to the police? A. The victim fears reprisal or getting the offender in trouble B. The victim does not believe the police would or could actually help. C. The victim would rather deal with the issue personally and not involve the police. D. The victim does not feel it is important enough to report to the police.

A. The most common reasons why victims do not report intimate partner violence to the police is that they either fear reprisal from the person who attacked them or fear that they will get the offender in trouble.

shelters and hotlines

The increase of shelters and hotlines for abused women and children and in domestic violence legal services may have made it easier for women to gain protection or distance from their abusive partners

Data on child abuse and neglect cases show that the majority of cases, the perpetrator is A. the victim's father. B. the victim's mother. C. a male relative. D. a female relative.

B. The most common perpetrator relationship to the victim cited in a child abuse and neglect cases is that of the child's mother and the father is the second most common. This partly reflects the likelihood that children will spend more time with their mothers and single-parent families are likely to be headed by mothers. Together mothers and fathers account for 80 percent of child abuse and neglect cases.

intimate partners

This category includes: spouses, cohabitating partners, romantic or sexual partners, former partners after a breakup, and so on.

context of violence: intimate terrorism

This is a less common pattern. Violence is a part of a campaign for control or domination within a relationship. This is more likely to involve escalating violence and serious injury. It also is likely to involve psychological abuse. Johnson (1995) termed this patriarchal terrorism because is most commonly involved violence by men against women.

Context of Violence: common couple violence

This is the most common form of violence (as indicated in the name). It results from specific arguments within a couple. It does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time. For the most part, it does not involve frequent attacks or severe injuries.

Why was forcible sex between husband and wife not considered to be rape until very recently? A. It would have been too difficult to find a jury that would believe a wife had been raped. B. Wives were presumed to have consented to sex for their entire lives at the moment of their marriage. C. Marital rape was so rare the legal infrastructure to prosecute it was not in place yet. D. No wife had been willing to file charges against her husband until recently.

B. Martial rape was not against the law until recently because it was believed that wives did not have a legal right to protection from their husbands. Wives were instead presumed to have consented to sex for their entire lives at the moment of their marriage. In the United States this law did not change until the 1970s or even later in some places (for example, North Carolina).

violence in gay and lesbian relationships

Most family violence categories may also apply to lesbian and gay couples (McClennen, 2005.) But there are several unique aspects of same-sex relationships as well. The problem of same-sex violence may remain hidden, because relationships are often hidden. The federal government has begun collecting data on violence in same-sex relationships (Walters, Chen, & Breiding, 2013). Intimate partner violence is similar for homosexuals and heterosexuals. Both lesbian and straight women are both more likely to experience violence than either gay or straight men. However, legal protections and social services may not be as widely available to homosexual victims as they are to heterosexual victims.

4. Theresa and Bill have been married for seven years. During their marriage, they have had some occasional arguments that have resulted in physical violence. This situation illustrates which of the four patterns of violence? A.intimate terrorism B.common couple violence C. mutual violent control D. violent resistance

B Discussion: Common couple violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence; it results from specific arguments within a couple but does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time.

. ______ employ a specially trained staff that take a problem-solving approach to family violence as opposed to a more punitive one. A. Responsibility frames B. Domestic violence courts C. Court-ordered treatment programs D. Civil protection orders

B Discussion: Domestic violence courts in the justice system are specialized courts that use specially trained staff, including judges and advocates for victims, who take a problem-solving approach rather than a more punitive on.

future intimate relationships

Family violence can create a cycle of continued violence, suffering, and unhappiness. The experience of abuse has an impact on future relationships. Survivors of abuse have a higher rate of risky sexual behavior and reduced likelihood of establishing healthy, long-lasting relationships. Sexual abuse survivors are less likely to marry and more likely to cohabitate. However, women are now more likely to end abusive relationships than in the past. There is an increasing acceptance of divorce . Families are a source of both pain and suffering, but also a source of strength and resilience.

services for domestic violence victims

The feminist movement has created a variety of services to help women prevent or cope with family violence These include hotlines, shelters, legal counseling, and so on (Dugan, Naginb & Rosenfeld, 2003).. There is no one solution. A variety of services and policies may be necessary. And despite the decline of family violence and abuse, these problems remain widespread and systemic.

interventions

The following slides outline five of the more popular programs and policies used to eradicate or alleviate domestic violence in recent years (next five slides): civil protection orders mandatory arrest or pro-arrest rules court-ordered treatment domestic violence courts services for domestic violence victims

2. Which of the following is the most common reason why intimate partner violent crime is not reported to the police? A.The victim fears reprisal or getting the offender in trouble. B. The victim does not believe the police would or could actually help. C The victim would rather deal with the issue personally and not involve the police.

A Discussion: The most common reasons why victims do not report intimate partner violence to the police is that they either fear reprisal from the person who attacked them or fear that they will get the offender in trouble.

The steep decline in the rate of family violence since the 1990s may be explained in part by which of the following? Choose all that apply. A. An increase in shelters and hotlines made it easier for women to gain protection from abuse. B. Women's increased economic independence made it easier for them to leave an abuser. C. The greater acceptance of divorce has made it easier for women to leave abusers. D. There are fewer cohabitating and married adults, which has reduced the number of people exposed to abusers.

A, B, C, D Rates of violence have been declining steeply since the 1990s in the United States and other wealthy countries. Some reasons we may be able to attribute this to in regard to family violence are the larger amount of shelters and hotlines available providing protection from abuse; women's increased economic independence and the greater acceptance of divorce, which have made it easier for women to leave abusers; and the lower number of cohabiting relationships and marriages has also reduced the number of people exposed to abusers.

Emilio and Ramona have been in a relationship for four years. During most of the time they have been together they have had arguments that escalate to physical violence, mostly against Ramona, as Emilio tries to control much of her life. During the last year the fights have gotten more severe and there have been a few serious injuries to Ramona as a result of this violence. Emilio belittles Ramona and threatens to hurt her if she dares leave him. This situation illustrates which of the four principle patterns of violence? A. intimate terrorism B. common couple violence C. mutual violent control D. violent resistance

A. Intimate terrorism occurs when intimate partner violence is part of a campaign for control or domination within a relationship. This type is more likely to involve escalating violence and serious injury as well as psychological abuse.

Care relationship

A relationship in which one person is responsible for another's care

family violence: Intimacy

A type of relationship in which people love or at least know each other very well and interact in private --Two elements are usually present in the relationship between victims of violence and perpetrators of violence: Intimacy a care relationship

If George's parents fail to take him to school on a consistent basis, they A. may be guilty of neglect. B. may be guilty of abuse. C. may be bad parents, but not legally so. D. may be within their rights as parents.

A.

With the fight against sex slavery, activist Sunita Krishnan has successfully rescued more than three thousand victims sold in sex slavery market. A. True B. False

A.

Dominique is a recently divorced woman in her 30s who experienced some intimate partner violence during her previous marriage. According to research, what might Dominique's experiences with future intimate relationships be like after experiencing intimate partner violence? A. Research does not show it impacting future relationships so we cannot predict what will happen. B. After experiencing abuse, her odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are lower. C. It is highly likely she will experience the same type of abuse again in her next relationship. D. After experiencing abuse, her odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are higher.

B. Research shows that the experience of abuse clearly reduces the odds of establishing future long-term stable relationships. Therefore, while we cannot predict that Dominique will experience abuse again, we do know that the odds of her establishing a long-term stable relationship are now lower.

Theresa and Bill have been married for seven years. During their marriage they have had some occasional arguments that have resulted in physical violence. This situation illustrates which of the four principal patterns of violence? A. intimate terrorism B. common couple violence C. mutual violent control D. violent resistance

B. --Common couple violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence; it results from specific arguments within a couple but does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time.

Violence within families is complicated by the relationship between victims and perpetrators. These are ______ relationships in which one person is responsible for another's ______. A. vulnerable; control B. romantic; happiness C. intimate; care D. public; neglect

C Discussion: The two elements generally present in the relationship between victims of family violence and perpetrators are intimacy, meaning the people involved love or know each other very well, and a care relationship, in which one person is responsible for another person's care. This also means that what happens within the family may be viewed as private and may be invisible to those outside the family.

The state is becoming increasingly involved in the role of the family, as illustrated by all of the following EXCEPT A. the public school system. B. the provision of food stamps and public housing to poor families. C. legal requirements for parents to discipline their children. D. decreasing family reliance on religious authorities.

D.

What does research suggest about the lifetime experience of intimate partner violence for gay men and lesbians compared to heterosexuals? A. Gays and lesbians are more likely to experience intimate partner violence at the hands of their same-sex partners than are people in heterosexual couples. B. Gays and lesbians are less likely to experience intimate partner violence at the hands of their same-sex partners than are people in straight couples. Incorrect Response C. Lesbians in same-sex relationships experience intimate partner violence at the hands of their same sex partners at about the same rate compared to straight couples but gay men in same-sex couples experience much lower rates compared to people in heterosexual couples. Correct Answer D. Lesbian and heterosexual women are both more likely to experience intimate partner violence compared to both gay and straight men, though about one-third of lesbians report the abuse was perpetrated by a male partner.

D. The evidence from research shows that the lifetime occurrence of intimate partner violence is similar for homosexuals and heterosexuals, specifically, lesbian and straight women are both more likely to experience violence than gay and straight men. This is complicated by the fact that about one-third of lesbians who report having been victims of intimate partner violence experienced this violence at the hands of male partners.

Intimate partner violence

Violence between partners who are (or were) involved in a sexual or romantic relationship

What is family violence

Family violence and abuse include several kinds of harm caused by family members against other family members. Includes both indirect and direct violence Indirect violence and abuse may include threats of force or intimidation and neglect. Violence and abuse can be different but are not always mutually exclusive (for example, sexual assault is both violent and abusive). Family violence can be defined by the relationship between victims and perpetrators. We can classify victims of family violence into three categories (next three slides): intimate partners children elders

Bernadette Powell case

Introduction with the case of Bernadette Powell (African American woman in her 20s) In 1978 Powell killed her husband, who had been abusing her for several years. She was prosecuted by a White male, convicted by an all-White jury, and sentenced to prison. Growing awareness in 1970s of domestic violence Powell's conviction (and subsequent appeal and activism) raised issues that would become important later. The cultural and political environment have changed social attitudes about the issues of violence in families.

court ordered treatment

Many courts require perpetrators to undergo court-ordered psychological counseling or other treatment as part of or in addition to their punishment. These programs are often low quality and have a low success rate. This can lead to greater violence.

context of violence: violent resistance

Sometimes when an intimate partner is the victim of violence or a pattern of violence, she or he may lash out in response. It may involve self-defense, but it also may not meet the legal definition of self-defense (which requires an immediate threat). It should be seen as a part of an overall defensive pattern where one partner defends him- herself or prepares to leave the relationship

male domination

Systematic Abuse Religious Authority -Some feminists argue that the experience of sexual violence is common enough that it constitutes a structural part of male domination. The sexual abuse scandals in the Catholic Church revealed that individual priests committed crimes against boys and young men, while the religious institution covered up the crimes to protect its own interests.

Elder Abuse

The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of old people by someone with whom they share an intimate or caring relationship elder abuse

how common are rape and sexual assault

The survey found that 18 percent of women and 1 percent of men in the United States have been raped at some point in their life (Black et al., 2011). The rates in college are higher (Armstrong, Hamilton, & Sweeney, 2006). Rape for men exists, but is rare. Rape for men is most likely to occur to boys within families.

context of violence: mutual violent control

This type of intimate partner violence is rare. It involves both partners fighting (usually violently) for control and domination of the relationship. There is little research on this type of violence.

Patterns of abuse or neglect

Those who live with parents who have their own mental health problems, poor impulse control and low self-esteem, or a history of violence Those in households where domestic violence occurs between adults Those in poor families or poor neighborhoods Those in families with weak support networks