Social psych Chapter 15

which of the following people, based on personality, would be most likely to experience life difficulties and health problems?

Anna, who has a tendency to experience negative moods

several months after he randomly assigned nursing home residents to control or lack of control visitation schedules, Schulz (Schulz and Hanusa, 1978) was dismayed to find that those residents who had originally controlled the duration and frequency of visits from college students later experienced poor health and higher mortality rates. these findings seem directly at odds with research by Rodin and Langer (1977), until one considers that _________

Schulz induced only a temporary sense of control

it is ethically impossible to conduct experimental studies of stress and immune responses in humans to determine whether severe stress and prolonged stress actually causes susceptibility to health problems. however, some researchers have measured _________ and found _________

immune responses, even minor stressors can suppress immune responses

which of the following is a major conceptual concern with measuring stress by counting objectively positive and negative life events?

perceptions of an event or more important than objective characteristics

your text explains the underlying reasons why women tend to use a "tend and befriend" approach while males tend to be more prone to use a "fight or flight" response to stress. what type of explanation do they provide for this gender difference?

evolutionary

Lenny believes that he has very little control over many things in his life such as health, success in school, and happiness and relationships. Lenny is exhibiting a strong _________

external locus of control

_________ refers to the perception that others are responsive and receptive to our needs

social support

researchers expose some participants to the virus that causes the common cold and exposed other participants to an inert sailing solution. they found that the more stress participants reported, the more likely they were to contract colds. results of this study suggest _________

stress can negatively affect our immune systems

Deming is feeling unable to cope with the demands of work, school, and home. Deming is feeling _________

stressed

according to the authors of your text, which of the following stressors are omitted from the many of the stress inventories?

stressors relevant to poverty and racism

according to stress research pioneer Lazarus (1966, 2000), it is _________ and not _________ stress that cause problems for people

subjective, objectives

according to the authors of your text, what is one reason why can be bad to keep negative thoughts inside?

suppressing a thought can lead to that thought occurring more frequently

with regard to gender differences in coping strategies, male is to female as fight or flight is to _________

tend and befriend

the authors of your text suggest that many health problems done from behaviors associated with sex, eating, drinking, and smoking because they _________

tend to be so pleasurable

Pennebaker's research on the effects of opening up or confiding in others shows us that people who write stories _________show the most improvements to their health

that start out incoherent and become more organized

based on the conceptualization of stress by Holmes and Rahe (1967), who is most likely to experience stress?

James, who's getting married next week

based on information from your text on an internal sense of control, who is most likely to be psychologically well-adjusted?

Lola, who is HIV positive and feels she can control her daily activities

six months ago, a nursing home started to program in which some residents were allowed to choose their daily activities. all else being equal, which of the following residents is likely to die soonest?

Martha, who recently dropped out of the program

research summarize in your textbook (Sastry and Ross, 1998) finds that members of _________culture so less of the relationship between perceived control and psychological distress because of the _________

asian, emphasis on collectivist values

Hiro, who is japanese, is struggling with demands and schedules at work. he is not very likely to ask for social support from his family and friends. why?

asking for help could disrupt the harmony of his group

Mr Smith's husband just died. based on the work presented by the authors of your text, if he's like the majority of widows / widower, he will respond by _________

being resilient

recall that nursing home home director in Connecticut cooperated with researchers lager and wrote in 1976. to some residents he gave a speech that included such statements as "you had the responsibility for caring for yourselves, I've decided whether or not you want to make this a home and you should be deciding how you want your rooms to be arranged how you want to spend your time and if you are unsatisfied with anything here you have the influence to change it". contents of the speech were designed to _________

boost feelings of control

the definition of resilience can best be rephrased as _________

bouncing back

thinking about the "tend and befriend" response to stress discussed your text, befriending refers to _________

building a strong social network

in collectivistic cultures, which type of social support is more acceptable?

invisible support, because it shows that the group, not the individual, needs help

the more racism minority groups experience, the _________ their health (Mouzon et al., 2017; Prather et al., 2016), and the majority groups who express the most racist attitudes experience _________ health (Jackson and Inglehart, 1995).

worst, diminished

your text indicates one problem associated with measures such as the college life stress inventory is that they focus on stressors experienced by _________ an underrepresented stressors experience by members of _________

the middle class, minority groups

based on Lagner and Rodin's 1976 study up for safe control in elderly nursing home residents, which of the following residents is most likely to feel happier, more active, and live longer?

Bess, who makes her own bed and has a choice of a vegetarian meal

Sora is participating in research similar to research presented in the text period he has been exposed to the virus that causes the common cold and has been given six assignments to be completed in the next two days. if I'mhis results replicate the previous research finding supported and your text, what will happen to Sora?

he will get sick

Frank has been involved with a peer group that expresses racist attitudes for the last 40 years, and he feels hostility towards certain minority groups. according to your text, due to his hostility and aggression, Frank may be experiencing _________

health problems

according to research on perceived control, even when people experience life-threatening chronic diseases such as cancer aids, they can maintain a sense of perceived control over _________, and thus maintain psychological adjustment

the consequences of a disease

Mia and Bailey are both exposed to a virus that causes the common cold when they are studying for finals with their friend Katie Bailey has been experiencing more negative stress events in her life than mia. based on research completed by Cohen, Tyrell, and Smith (1991, 1993), Cohen et al. (2008) and Marsland, and Cohem (2011), what is the likelihood that Mia and Bailey will get a cold?

Bailey is more likely to get it cold because her immune system is weekend due to stress

when Parker is under stress, he tends to either get very confrontational and argumentative, or back away and totally withdraw from this stressful situation. Parker is exhibiting a _________ response to stress

fight or flight

the college life stress survey (Renner and Mackin, 1998) shows which of the following is the HIGHEST stress life event?

finals week

Kimberly is really struggling to make ends meet. even though she is roommates, she still has bills to pay and a very tight food budget. giving the work Bolger and Amarel (2007), which of the following would you suggest?

Mariah should suggest that the group have a potluck meal once a week where each roommate brings what she can, because she is really having trouble buying a wide variety of foods

Carlos find it difficult to get all of his chores done in time to study at night. which type of social support would be most effective?

Martin suggesting that everyone fits into help with all the chores instead of dividing them up

according to research by Pennebaker and colleagues, her writing about a trauma to be most beneficial, people should write about it _________

after a little time has passed and they can have a different perspective

according to research by Pennebaker and colleagues, we're writing about a trauma to be most beneficial, people should write about it _________

after a little time has passed and they can have a different perspective

Gina believes that if she eats well, exercises regularly, and learns all she can about reading and talking to experts, she can prevent her breast cancer from returning. Gina has _________

an internal locus of control

a sense of perceived control is defined as the belief that we can influence our environment, _________

and therefore positive or negative outcomes

consider the findings from the study on stress and the immune system. on a college campus, when would students be the most acceptable to catching a cold?

finals week, and there are many exams and papers do

Jared has recently survived a horrific tornado that devastated his town and injured her killed dozens of his friends, family, and neighbors. based on information from your text, Jared is most likely to _________

be an increased risk for having heart problems

George's wife just died from cancer. based on your text about how people deal with such a lost, how will George most likely respond to her death?

be distressed for a short time, and then bounce back

research presented by the authors of your text is just that when someone spouses dies, the majority of widow / widowers respond by_________

being resilient

according to most social psychologists, stress is defined as the negative feelings and beliefs that arise when people_________

believe they cannot cope with environmental demands

Hans Selye (1956, 1976) originally defined stress as the _________

body's physiological responses to threat

people who have endured major trauma, that just survivors of the Los Angeles earthquake in 1994 were terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, tend to be at an increased risk of _________

having heart problems than me result in death

researchers often employ correlational designs to assess the relationship between stress and physical health (eg Holmes and Rahe, 1967). one problem with this approach is that researchers using this method _________

cannot make definitive casual statements

Patrick has experienced. a large number of changes in his life. he's lost his job, is getting a divorce, is facing income tax evasion charges, and his wife is expecting a child. Patrick has also reported an increase in anxiety and has been sick a lot over the last 6 months. some researchers would suggest that increased stress has taken a toll on Patrick's health. others would suggest that _________better accounts for this coincidence

certain personality traits

the concept of _________ the first of the ways in which people react is stressful events

coping style

Bobby has just undergone a major upheaval in his life. he had to declare bankruptcy. research has shown that he is more likely to _________ compare the people who did not experience such upheavals

die

Twenge and his colleagues 2004, 2015 report that in the last 40 years, college students are bleeding more and more that they _________ over the good and bad things in life

do not have much control

Spiegal and colleagues 1989 randomly assigned breast cancer patients to either a series of weekly meetings to discuss their problems and fears or to a control group. based on other research on social support, what would you expect to happen in this experiment? women who meet in groups would _________

feel better and live longer

the others of your tech support that one response to stress is attacking or feeling from the source. this it's better known as the _________ response

fight or flight

W.B. Cannon (1942) reported a case of an Australians man's health deteriorating after a witch doctor cats a spell on him. he did not recover until the witch doctor removed the spell. what is the explanation for his health deteriorating?

his belief that the spell was real produced so much stress his health deteriorated

Lucile believe that she can control many things in her life such as her health through eating exercise, her success in school through studying, and her happiness and friendships by being a kind person to others. Lucile is exhibiting a strong _________

internal locus of control

Miguel believes he can control his fate. he has an _________

internal locus of control

in terms of psychological and physical health, the authors of your text report it is better to have an _________

internal locus of control

Frazier et al. (2011), Infurna, Ram, and Gerstorf (2013) and Roepke and Grant (2011) shirt that a person's belief that they can influence their environment, and therefore whether they experience positive or negative outcomes, _________

it associated with good physical and mental health

how might perceive control be detrimental when dealing with an illness? perceived control may _________

lead patients to blame themselves for the disease or for failure to recover

after his mother's death, Steve began to keep a diary of his thoughts and feelings. compared to his brother Mark, who chose not to write about the tragedy, Steve is _________

less likely to become ill over the next 6 months

Joanne Hill, who is described in the introduction, attributes her strength in the face of adversity too _________

making different choices

the college life stress inventory (Renner and Mackin, 1998) shows which of the following as the LOWEST stress life event?

making new friends, getting along well with friends

the college life stress inventory (Renner and Mackin, 1998) shows which of the following as the lowest stress life event?

making new friends, getting along well with friends

researchers, Taylor and colleagues 2000, they just the most research on a fight flight response is limited by having been done primarily on _________

males

in the "tend and befriend" response to stress disgusting your text, tending refers to the _________

nurturing activities

according to the world health organization, more than half of the deaths worldwide are due to preventable chronic diseases rhythm, 2011. the same is true in the united states, where tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable deaths. a coordinator text, what is the second highest cause of preventable death?

obesity

_________ refers to Leo's beliefs that he can influence his environment, and can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes

perceived control

a nursing home administrator says to its residents, "at each meal you have a choice of three entrees." based on Langer and Rodin's (1976) study of elderly nursing home residents, the nursing home administrator is increasing the residence _________

perceived control

according research by Taylor and her colleagues 1984, _________ is likely to reduce stress related to a negative life event such as cancer, and can actually prolong life

perceived control

according to research by Taylor and her colleagues 1984, _________ is likely to reduce stress related to a negative life event such as cancer, and can actually prolong life

perceived control

research summarized in your textbook suggests Western cultures value a _________ more so than other cultures

perceived sense of control

Mary lives in a large city, which has high levels of pollution. Mary is more likely to have _________ defects compared to children who grew up in less polluted areas

physiological and psychological

studies have been completed in which people's immune responses are measured before and after undergoing mildly stressful tasks in the laboratory. the results indicate that relatively mild stressors _________

produce suppression of the immune system

according to researchers Holmes and Rahe (1967), stress reflects the degree to which people _________

readjust their lives in response to external events

Adi has had a number of stressors in his lifetime but is doing fine. as the authors of your text report, this indicates that Adi and people like him are _________

remarkably resilient

mild, transient reactions to stressful events, followed by quick return to normal, healthy functioning, is the definition of _________

resilience

according to research presented in the text, poverty and racism are powerful sources of stress. this suggests that one problem with inventories is that the scale focuses on _________

stressors experience by the middle class, not poor or minority groups

according to research presented in your text, already in racism are powerful sources of stress. this suggests that one problem with inventories is that the scale focuses on _________

stressors experienced by the middle class, not poor or minority groups

with regard to gender differences in coping strategies, male is to female as fight or flight is to_________

tend and be friend

when Kate encounters a lot of stress, she often turns to friends for help. and Kate is not under stress, she will often nurture her friends who are under stress, and continue to build up their social network. Kate seems to respond to stress using the _________ response

tend and befriend

according to research on perceived control, even when people experience life threatening chronic diseases such as cancer or aids, they can maintain a sense of perceived control over _________, and thus maintains psychological adjustment

the consequences of a disease

your text indicates one problem associated with measures such as the college life stress inventory is that they focus on stressors experienced by _________ and underrepresent stressors experience by members of _________

the middle class, minority groups

people with a strong external locus of control are best described as believing _________

their fate is a matter of luck

some mental health professionals have argued that people who do not grieve heavily after the death of a spouse or in a state of denial. the authors of your text explain that _________

there is little evidence for this assumption

your text reports people's feelings of control _________

vary from day to day

when is Sam most likely to catch a cold?

when he is exposed to the cold virus and recently got a speeding ticket, which was very stressful for him