Social Psychology: Attribution and Attribution Bias

Dispositional Attribution

Assigning the cause of a behavior to an inherent quality or desire.

a

Assigning the cause of a behavior to an inherent quality or desire. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Situational Attribution

Assigning the cause of a behavior to environmental factors.

b

Assigning the cause of a behavior to environmental factors. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Unstable Attribution

Assigns behavior or outcome to factors that will change over time.

b

Assigns behavior or outcome to factors that will change over time. a) Stable Attribution b) Unstable Attribution

Stable Attribution

Assigns behavior or outcome to factors that will not change over time.

a

Assigns behavior or outcome to factors that will not change over time. a) Stable Attribution b) Unstable Attribution

Situational Attribution

Assigns the cause of a behavior or outcome to the environment or external conditions.

b

Assigns the cause of a behavior or outcome to the environment or external conditions. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Self-Serving Bias

Associates good events as due to actions of the self, and bad events as due to accident or misfortune.

a

Associates good events as due to actions of the self, and bad events as due to accident or misfortune. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

False-Consensus Effect

A bias in which individuals overestimate the extent to which others beliefs and characteristics similar to their own.

d

A bias in which individuals overestimate the extent to which others beliefs and characteristics similar to their own. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Just-World Bias

A bias in which misfortunes are believed to befall individuals who deserve them; can be seen as a tendency to blame victims.

e

A bias in which misfortunes are believed to befall individuals who deserve them; can be seen as a tendency to blame victims. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Just-World Bias

A bias of thinking that bad things happen to those who deserve it.

e

A bias of thinking that bad things happen to those who deserve it. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias f) Pygmalion Effect

Stable Attribution

Attributes cause of an event to a permanent factor.

a

Attributes cause of an event to a permanent factor. a) Stable Attribution b) Unstable Attribution

Unstable Attribution

Attributes cause of an event to a temporary factor.

b

Attributes cause of an event to a temporary factor. a) Stable Attribution b) Unstable Attribution

Situational Attribution

Explanations that refer to external events, such as the weather, luck, accidents, or other people's actions

b

Explanations that refer to external events, such as the weather, luck, accidents, or other people's actions a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Situational Attribution

External; assigns individual behavior as stemming from the environment or culture in which that individual is found.

b

External; assigns individual behavior as stemming from the environment or culture in which that individual is found. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

a

The explanation of individual behavior as a result caused by internal characteristics that reside within the individual. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

b

The fundamental attribution error is LESS likely to occur in: a) individualistic cultures b) collectivist cultures

a

The fundamental attribution error is MORE likely to occur in: a) individualistic cultures b) collectivist cultures

Pygmalion Effect

The phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people, the better they perform.

f

The phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people, the better they perform. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias f) Pygmalion Effect

a

The phenomenon of self-serving bias can more closely be attributed to: a) Enhancement of the self b) Oversimplifications of the 'other'

Pygmalion Effect

The phenomenon whereby higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.

f

The phenomenon whereby higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias f) Pygmalion Effect

False-Consensus Effect

The tendency for individuals to overestimate the number of other individuals who agree with them.

d

The tendency for individuals to overestimate the number of other individuals who agree with them. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the original false conception come true.

c

A false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the original false conception come true. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.

c

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

b

A student blames the poor quality of teaching as reason for failing a test, this is an example of a: a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Fundamental Attribution Error

A tendency to over attribute behavior to a person's personality, or desire and not enough to the situation or context.

b

A tendency to over attribute behavior to a person's personality, or desire and not enough to the situation or context. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Fundamental Attribution Error

A tendency to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the role of situational factors.

b

A tendency to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the role of situational factors. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Fundamental Attribution Error

A tendency to overestimate the role of dispositional attributes and to underestimate the role of the situation.

b

A tendency to overestimate the role of dispositional attributes and to underestimate the role of the situation. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Dispositional Attribution

A type of attribution that assumes the cause of a behavior or outcome to be INTERNAL.

a

A type of attribution that assumes the cause of a behavior or outcome to be INTERNAL. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Situational Attribution

A type of attribution that assumes the cause of a behavior or outcome to be due to the environment or EXTERNAL conditions.

b

A type of attribution that assumes the cause of a behavior or outcome to be due to the environment or EXTERNAL conditions. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Pygmalion Effect

A type of self-fulfilling prophecy demonstrated by David Rosenthal; higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.

c

An important piece of information used to determine whether to make a dispositional, or situation attribution. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Distinctiveness

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; comparison of behavior with one task and his/her behavior on other tasks.

b

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; comparison of behavior with one task and his/her behavior on other tasks. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Consensus

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; consideration of how other individuals in the same situation have responded.

c

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; consideration of how other individuals in the same situation have responded. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Consensus

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; consideration of how others in the same situation have responded.

c

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; consideration of how others in the same situation have responded. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Consistency

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; how behavior is in the same situation over time.

a

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; how behavior is in the same situation over time. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Distinctiveness

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; how similar the situation is based on other situations in which the event occurred.

b

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; how similar the situation is based on other situations in which the event occurred. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Consistency

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; the maintenance of similar ways of behavior across contexts and conversations.

a

Based on the kind of attributions one makes; the maintenance of similar ways of behavior across contexts and conversations. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

In which behavior, influenced by expectations, causes those expectations to come true.

c

In which behavior, influenced by expectations, causes those expectations to come true. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Attribute

Refers to how individuals assign responsibility for certain outcomes.

Attribute

Refers to how responsibility is assigned for certain outcomes; dispositional or situation.

Self-Serving Bias

Sees the cause of actions as DISPOSITIONAL when the outcomes are positive and SITUATIONAL when the outcomes are negative.

Self-Serving Bias

Sees the cause of actions as internal when the outcomes are positive and external when the outcomes are negative.

a

Sees the cause of actions as internal when the outcomes are positive and external when the outcomes are negative. a) Self-Serving Bias b) Fundamental Attribution Error c) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy d) False-Consensus Effect e) Just-World Bias

Dispositional Attribution

The attribution of behavior to some internal cause, such as a personal trait, motive, or attitude.

a

The attribution of behavior to some internal cause, such as a personal trait, motive, or attitude. a) Dispositional Attribution b) Situational Attribution

Unstable Attribution

The belief that the cause of an event is a result of factors that will change over time.

b

The belief that the cause of an event is a result of factors that will change over time. a) Stable Attribution b) Unstable Attribution

Stable Attribution

The belief that the cause of an event is a result of factors that will not change over time.

a

The belief that the cause of an event is a result of factors that will not change over time. a) Stable Attribution b) Unstable Attribution

Dispositional Attribution

The explanation of individual behavior as a result caused by internal characteristics that reside within the individual.

a

Useful in determining whether to make a stable or unstable attribution. a) Consistency b) Distinctiveness c) Consensus