Social Psychology Final

- Affect

1. The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

- Maintain consistency in behavior

10. Alex is a high self-monitor and Derek is a low self-monitor. Derek is more likely than Alex to

- Will denigrate Lisa's appearance

11. Physical appearance is extremely important to Adrianna. When she enters a beauty contest, she beats all but one of the other contestants and finishes in second place. However, the one contestant that beats her is her neighbor and best friend, Lisa. Research by Tesser suggests that Adrianna

- Intimidation

12. Professor Gross uses esoteric terms, makes fun of students' questions and comments, and refuses to explain complicated material. Professor Gross is using the _____ tactic of self-presentation.

- They assume we observe a person on more than one occasion

13. Which of the following is not one of the three assumptions of all theories of attribution?

- What-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype

14. The belief that physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality characteristics is called the

- Self-promotion

15. The type of self-presentational strategy that describes acts motivated to establish one's competence is

- Basking in reflected glory

16. After her favorite professional football team wins the Super Bowl, Casey proudly wears the team's jersey for an entire week. Casey is engaging in

- It is formed through social interaction and, in turn, affects our interactions with others

17. The "self" is important in social psychology because

- Nonverbal behavior

18. Behavior that communicates a person's feelings without words is called

- Perceptions of the emotions are relatively consistent across most cultures

19. While traveling around the world, Sven shows various people pictures of men and women from his hometown who are smiling and frowning, and he asks these people to infer what emotions the individuals in the pictures are experiencing. According to the research on perceptions of primary emotions, Sven should find that

- Sum total of a person's beliefs concerning his or her own personal characteristics

2. The term self-concept refers to the

- Anxiety

20. All of the following are considered "primary" emotions except

- People are more accurate at detecting deception if they focus on body movements and voice quality rather than facial expressions

21. Which of the following is supported by research on deception?

- Situational; dispositional

22. Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding. The caterer is 30 minutes late and still hasn't arrived. Colin suggests that the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic. Erin suggests that the caterer is probably disorganized and unreliable. Colin is making a(n) _____ attribution, whereas Erin is making a(n) _____ attribution.

- The company is expanding as a result of record-breaking profits, and compensation for employees in the sales department where George worked has increased 30% this year.

23. George is leaving his job at Vandalay industries, a latex manufacturer. According to correspondent inference theory, in which of the following scenarios would you learn the most about George?

- Dispositional; situational

24. Correspondent inference theory focuses on whether or not a perceiver can make a(n) _____ attribution for a particular behavior, whereas Kelley's theory of causal attribution considers the possibility of a(n) _____ attribution.

- People infer that something is the cause of a behavior if it is present when the behavior occurs and absent when it does not occur

25. According to Kelley's covariation principle

- Low in consensus, high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency

26. Everyone you know seems to love the TV show The Apprentice. You're a huge fan of reality TV as well, as you never miss an episode of The Amazing Race, American Idol, or Project Runway. But every time you watch The Apprentice, you have the same reaction: you hate it with a passion. According to Kelley's theory of causal attribution, your dislike of this show would be

- Consistency

27. When _____ is low, it is difficult for the perceiver to attribute behavior to either the person or the stimulus; instead, the best that can be said is that the behavior was caused by transient circumstances.

- Availability heuristic

28. You are asked what percentage of psychology majors at your school are female. If you answer this question by thinking of how many female psychology majors come to mind quickly, you are relying on the

- His date is a slob

29. LeBron is eating at a restaurant on a first date when his date spills spaghetti all over her lap. Which of the following conclusions would LeBron be most likely to draw if he commits the fundamental attribution error?

- Self-recognition

3. Yulia stands in front of a mirror. She notices a red spot on the forehead of the image she sees in the mirror. She then brings her hand up to her own forehead and touches the red spot, trying to brush it off. Yulia is demonstrating

- Explain other people's actions in dispositional terms while viewing personal behavior as situationally determined

30. The actor-observer effect refers to the tendency to

- Belief in a just world

31. The tendency to think that most victims of Hurricane Katrina were irresponsible and naïve for not evacuating their homes before the storm hit is most likely to result from which of the following tendencies?

- Averaging model of impression formation

32. The finding that moderately positive traits can dilute the impact of extremely positive traits on impressions is most consistent with the

- Michael is smarter than Fredo

33. Imagine that you are grading the exams of two students, Michael and Fredo. They both get only half the questions correct. However, Michael gets most of his questions right on the first half of the test, whereas Fredo gets most of his questions right on the last half of the test. According to Asch's work on primary effects in impression formation, you would be likely to conclude that

- The meaning of information obtained later is often altered to fit with earlier impressions

34. One explanation for the primacy effect is that

- Believing that baby-faced men are harmless

35. Which of the following is not discrimination?

- Prejudice

36. Positive or negative feelings directed at others strictly because of their membership in a particular social category is called

- A self-fulfilling prophecy

37. Vernell is being interviewed for a job. Though it isn't really true, the interviewer suspects that Vernell is incompetent. Because the interviewer doesn't expect much from Vernell, he sits far away from her during the interview, interrupts her frequently, and seems distracted when she speaks. As a result, Vernell becomes nervous, starts to stutter, and loses her train of thought several times. The interviewer's final impression is that Vernell is, as he suspected, incompetent. This impression is most likely the result of

- Prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping

38. The ABCs of social psychology are affect, behavior, and cognition. Put the three major concepts of Chapter 5 in the ABC order by considering whether they correspong to affect, behavior, or cognition.

- A stereotype

39. Samantha thinks that all social psychology professors are intelligent, attractive, and fabulously good dancers. This is an example of

- Heightening self-awareness

4. People enhance their self-esteem in all of the following ways except

- Ingroups; outgroups

40. Groups to which the self belongs are called _____, and groups to which the self does not belong are called _____.

- Outgroup homogeneity effect

41. The belief that "they're all the same" best epitomizes which of the following concepts?

- Frees up cognitive resources

42. Social categorization is advantageous because it

- Overestimate how often his psychology professor forgets to bring materials to class

43. Liston believes that psychology professors are absentminded. Given the research on illusory correlations, he is likely to

- Situational attributions for positive behaviors, but personal attributions for negative behaviors

44. In explaining the behavior of members of a group that they are prejudiced against, people tend to make

- Develop negative views of one another and behave in a hostile manner

45. Michigan and Ohio State are rival universities. Students at the two schools only interact when the athletic teams they play for compete against each other. Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment suggests that the students will

- Have them work together on a goal that requires cooperative efforts

46. The Jets and the Sharks are two groups of local youths who regularly- and belligerently- compete against each other. The Robbers Cave experiment would suggest that one way of healing the rift between these groups is to

- Realistic conflict theory

47. Some border-town residents dislike illegal immigrants because they fear that the immigrants will take jobs away from them. These feelings can best be explained by

- Less obvious than "old-fashioned" racism

48. Modern racism can be distinguished from what has been termed "old-fashioned" racism in that modern racism is

- Ageism

49. Dr. Mack reacts slower and less aggressively when treating chest pains in Sam, who is 76, than when he treats the same symptoms in Ray, who is 54. Dr. Mack is demonstrating

- Self-perception theory

5. Marcia is unsure about whether Jan is her best friend. She thinks about how many times she has listened to Jan complain about her boyfriend, helped Jan study for difficult exams, and brought soup to Jan when she was sick. Marcia realizes that she speaks to Jan almost every night. After thinking about all this, Marcia concludes that Jan must be her best friend. This conclusion is based on a process described by

- Education

50. Probably the best means of reducing prejudice and discrimination is via

- Kira should force herself to smile throughout the class

6. Kira hates her calculus class. As a social psychologist, which of these tactics would you recommend to Kira to help improve her mood during class?

- Other female high school track athletes

7. Marion is a sprinter on her high school track team. According to social comparison theory, Marion is most likely to look to which of the following groups to assess how fast a sprinter she is?

- Is based on physiological arousal and a cognitive label for that arousal

8. Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion proposes that emotional experience

- Stay out all night partying the night before the presentation

9. Carlos is nervous about giving a class presentation because he doesn't think he can communicate very well with everyone watching him. If Carlos attempts to deal with his anxiety by self-handicapping, he will most likely