Social Studies Chapter 10

How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation?

His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster.

How did the use of horses change the way American Indians hunted?

Hunters could chase herds to hunt individual buffalo.

How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States?

It allowed meat to be shipped long distances

In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth?

It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production.

What was one effect of the Haymarket Riot?

Organized labor became less popular in the United States.

Why might tensions have broken out between Sitting Bull and the United States government?

Sitting Bull did not feel bound by the 1868 treaty, which he didn't sign.

Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map of the Northern Pacific, Union Pacific, Central Pacific, and Southern Pacific Rail Roads?

The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles.

Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. Which of the following contributed most to this process towards statehood?

The expansion of major rail lines linking the West and the East enabled people and supplies to move cheaply.

The octopus in the picture latching onto political buildings with the standard oil logo represents

The power of trusts

Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, how did the transcontinental railroads impact the West?

The railroads provided jobs for settlers.

Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration of a street being illuminated by a lamp post?

Thomas Edison

The Plains Indians' reaction to the Sand Creek Massacre ultimately resulted in

a new treaty agreement that relocated the Plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma.

"I like a little competition, but I like combination more." -J.P. Morgan The quotation supports Morgan's practice of

acquiring control of corporations.

Which innovation does the photograph of people putting together a car illustrate?

assembly line

How did western farmers try to improve their conditions when they fell on hard times in the late 1800s?

by using cheap immigrant labor to lower costs and increase their profits

Which economic practice helps motivate companies to keep prices low and improve product quality?

competition

What MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency?

consolidation of railroad companies

Which change led to the end of open ranching in the west?

farmers arriving and fencing off plots

The main reason for the attack on the tribes under Sitting Bull was to

force the Lakota and Cheyenne back onto their reservations.

Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties

getting patents.

The American Federation of Labor differed from the Knights of Labor in that it.

included several trade unions.

Which was a major result of the Homestead Act of 1862?

increased development of Western lands

What was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century?

lack of public and legal support for union activities

Which detail in the photo of a cowboy on a horse was influenced by vaqueros?

lariat

Which factor further reduced future opportunities for children at work before 1910?

limited education

Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile?

mass production

In what area did airplanes first prove to be of practical value?

military operations

What role did both men and women among Plains Indians share?

passing along traditions and knowledge

The failure of reforms designed by the United States to help Native Americans was primarily a result of

prejudice towards Native Americans

Based on this selection, which policy would the Populist Party be mostly likely to support?

regulating railroad rates to help farmers

Which practice does Roosevelt advocate for?

regulation of monopolies

What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns?

running out of gold or silver in mines

Based on the passage, Eastman sought to make popular photography possible by inventing a camera that was

simple to use.

The ILGWU was notable because it was

successful at negotiating for shorter hours.

In this excerpt, Terence Powderly is trying to separate the Knights of Labor from the actions of anarchists in

the Haymarket Riot.

What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech?

the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops

What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting of steel mills and steamboats illustrate?

the environmental impact of steel mills

Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like tepees because

they could support a nomadic lifestyle.

What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act?

to encourage American Indians to become farmers

Why did miners in the West create groups of vigilantes?

to enforce laws and punish criminals

Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques?

to ensure a complex business ran smoothly

In the passage Gompers explains the need for

trade unions

Which of the following contributed MOST to the growth of the Cattle Kingdom?

transcontinental railroad

Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration?

unsafe working conditions

Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike?

wage reductions

Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership?

wheat prices declined

Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers?

After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work.

What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War?

Cities in the East and West increased in population.

What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West?

Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing.

Predict which of the following policies might have made the Dawes Act more successful?

Giving American Indians land that would be useful for farming.

Which idea does this passage express?

Gospel of Wealth

How was the tragedy at Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance?

Groups of Lakota left reservations after the banning of the Ghost Dance, and soldiers killed many of them at Wounded Knee.