Social Work Competency Exam
Problem Solving
1. Identify and define the needs of each opposing side 2. Generate possible alternative solutions 3. Evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the alternative solutions. 4. Decide on the best acceptable solution 5. Work out ways of implementing the solution 6. At a later date, evaluate how well the solution is working
Research Based Practice
1. Problem formulation 2. Research design development 3. Data collection 4. Data analysis 5. Drawing Conclusions 6. Public dissemination of results
Social workers ethical responsibilities to colleagues
1. Respect 2. Confidentiality 3. Interdisciplinary collaboration 4. Disputes Involving colleagues 5. Consultation 6. Referral for service 7. Sexual Relationship 8. Sexual Harassment 9. Impairment/incompetence unethical conduct of colleagues.
Social workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society
1. Social welfare 2. Public participation- always be ready to participate 3. Public emergencies- make your service available 4. Social and political action.
Ethical Responsibilities to practice settings
1. Supervision and consultation 2. Education and training 3. Performance and evaluation 4. Maintain Client records appropriately 5. Billing 6. Client transfers 7. Administration 8. Continuing Education- like staff development 9. Commitment to employers 10. Labor management disputes.
Competency 9 Practice behaviors
9.1. Select and use appropriate methods for evaluation of outcomes 9.2. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the evaluation of outcomes. 9.3. Critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate intervention and program processes and outcomes. 9.4. Apply evaluation findings to improve practice effectiveness at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights.
Sociologist
A Scientist who works in the area of sociology, which examines the relationships, values, and institutions of communities of people
Genogram
A family diagram that depicts each member of the family and shows connections between the generations.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
A federal program established to provide assistance to elderly persons and persons with disabilities. Recipients qualify for Medicaid
Competency 5 Practice Behaviors
-Identify social policy at the local, state, and federal level that impacts well-being, service, delivery, and access to social services. -Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to social services. -Apply critical thinking to analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice.
Qualities of a Christian helper
-Looking for evidence of grace in those she helps -Steadfastly standing by people and caring even when help seems impossible -Standing by her values despite current culture -Holding institutions accountable for justice, kindness, and walking humbly with God. -Staying tough enough to deal with reality with clients -Continuing to exhibit true humility and willingness to learn, grow, and discriminate new practice trends.
Competency 8 Practice Behaviors
-8.1. Critically choose and implement interventions to achieve practice goals and enhance capacities of clients and constituencies. 8.2. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and their multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the interventions with clients and constituencies. 8.3. Use inter-professional collaboration as appropriate to achieve beneficial practice outcomes. 8.4. Negotiate, mediate, and advocate with and on behalf of diverse clients and constituencies. 8.5. Facilitate effective transitions and endings that advance mutually agreed-on goals.
Competency 2 Practice Behaviors
-Apply and communicate understanding of the importance of diversity and difference in shaping life experiences in practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. -Presents self as a learner and engages clients and constituencies as experts of their own experiences -Apply self-awareness and self-regulation to manage the influence of personal biases and values in working with diverse clients and constituencies.
Competency 3 Practice Behaviors
-Apply understanding on social, economic and environmental justice to advocate for human rights at the individual and system levels. -Engage in practice that advances social, economic, and environmental justice.
Competency 7 Practice Behaviors
-Collect and organize data, apply critical thinking to interpret information from clients and constituencies. -Apply knowledge of human behaviors and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the analysis of assessment data from clients and constituencies. -Develop mutually agreed-on intervention goals and objectives based on the critical assessment of strengths, needs, and challenges within clients and constituencies. -Select appropriate intervention strategies based on the assessment, research, knowledge, and values and preferences of clients and constituencies.
Steps in ethical decision making
1. Determine whether there is an ethical issue or dilemma. 2. Identify the key values and principles involved. 3. Rank the values or ethical principles which -in your professional judgement- are most relevant to the issue or dilemma. 4. Develop an action plan that is consistent with the ethical priorities that have been determined as central to the dilemma. 5. Implement your plan, utilizing the most appropriate practice skills and competencies. 6. Reflect on the outcome of this ethical decision making process.
Steps to engage with a community
1. Explore the nature of the community 2. Get to know the area and its residents 3. Identify the community strengths 4. Talk to people in the community
Worldview
Help us interpret reality. They give faith-based answers to a set of ultimate and grounding questions. One way or another we develop functional assumptions that help us to sort through and make some sense out of our experience. Worldviews help to define the nature and value of persons. Worldview's have consequences. Even if facts are obtainable, they have no moral power or direction in themselves. If we say they mean something, it is because we are interpreting them in the context of some values that are a part of our basic faith about the nature of the world.
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
life events
Turning points at which people change some direction in the course of their lives.
Generalist Practice
Uses generic practice processes to work with client systems of all sizes; recognizes change across multiple systems levels and consider behaviors in the social environment
Nominal
Variables who's attributes have only the characteristics of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusiveness Just a code or label, no actual numerical meaning Ex. Gender, race, political affiliation
Skills needed for client engagement
Verbal and nonverbal skills to establish rapport and introduce purpose and role. Must use micro skills to make the client feel comfortable enough to communicate her concerns and to being looking at the alternatives
Strengths Perspective
an orientation focusing on the client resources, capabilities, knowledge, abilities, motivations, experience, intelligence, and other positive qualities that can be put to use to solve problems and pursue positive changes.
White Privilege
an underexposed part of racism in the US that white people have privileges that other Americans do not have.
Professional Judgement
applying knowledge, skills and experience, in a way that is informed by professional standards, laws, and ethical principles to develop an opinion or decision about what should be done to best serve clients.
Maturation
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
non-for-profit organization
businesslike establishment that has primary objectives other than returning profits to owners
Evidenced Based Practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
Economic Justice
concerns the distribution of resources in a fair and equitable manner
Religion
cumulative traditions which represent the expressions of faith of people in the past. Included in a cumulative tradition are such elements as texts of scripture, oral traditions, music, creeds, theologies.
Spiritual lifemap
depicts clients' personal spiritual life-story. More specifically, they are a pictorial delineation of clients' relationship with God over time.
Ecomap
diagram used to identify the direction and intensity of family relationships between members and/or community institutions of importance to the family
Prejudiced discriminator
does not believe in the values of freedom and equality and consistently discriminates against other groups in both word and deed.
evaluation tools
each criteria are measured by these, methods used to gather data needed to assess whether evaluation criteria were met
Self-determination
each individual's right to make his or her own decisions
Qualitative Research
informal research methods, including observation, following social media sites, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and projective techniques
ethics in research
informed consent, freedom from coercion, protection from harm, risk-benefit analysis, deception, debriefing, confidentiality
Empathy
involves not only being in tune with how a client feels, but also conveying to that client that you understand how he or she feels.
Incremental budgets
is a system in which an agency's budget from last year is used as a starting point for this year's budget -plan for the next year's budget by starting with the existing budget and then acting according to assumptions
Unprejudiced discriminator
is not personally prejudiced but may sometimes, reluctantly, discriminate against other groups because it seems socially or financially convenient to do so.
CSWE (Council on Social Work Education)
is the standard setting and accrediting organization for social work education
Lawrence Kohlberg
moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal the medication and why?
Challenges in working with step families
new family roles, co-parenting, combining families
Levels of Measurement
nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
Unprejudiced nondiscriminator
not prejudiced against other groups and, on principle, will not discriminate against them
scapegoat
one who bears the blame for others
Negotiator
one who represents an organization or group trying to wrestle something from another group.
unemployment insurance
payments by the government for a limited period of time to people who have lost their jobs
Person-in-Environment
perspective used by social workers to understand clients experiencing difficulties with their roles, self-perceptions, and expectations in their interactions with others and in the context of their surrounding environment. These systems include the family, friends, work, social services, politics, religion, goods and services, and educational systems. The person is portrayed as being dynamically involved with each.
Sexism
prejudice or discrimination based on sex, especially discrimination against women that involved behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex.
Values
principles, qualities, and practices that a designated group, individual, or culture deems inherently desirable.
cultural humility
process that requires humility as individuals continually engage in self-reflection and self-critique as lifelong learners and reflective practitioners
Spirital genogram
provide social workers with a tangible graphic representation of spirituality across at least 3 generations.
Counselor
qualified individual who uses methods to help people manage and overcome mental and emotional issues.
open-ended questions
question seeks out the client's thoughts, ideas, and explanations for answers. It encourages elaboration and specifics about answers unique to particular clients and situations. Example: "What are your reasons for wanting to leave home?"
Program budgets
relates directly to how the agency spends its money in addition to the amount the agency spends known as functional budget, uses the same structure as a line item budget
Supervision in social work
relationship between supervisor and supervisee in which the responsibility and accountability for the development of competence, demeanor, and ethical practice take place. The supervisor is responsible for providing direction to the supervisee, who applies social work theory, standardized knowledge, skills, competency, and applicable ethical content in the practice setting.
line item budget
rent, utilities, salaries, benefits, and supplies
Spiritual history
represents a narrative alternative to a spiritual lifemap. The client's spiritual story is related verbally. In a process that is analogous to conducting a family history, the client is provided an interactive forum to share their spiritual life story.
Advocate
represents, champions, or defends the rights of others. One who steps forward and speaks out on the behalf of clients in order to promote fair and equitable treatment or gain needed resources. (example: a worker might meet with an administrator to change an agency policy on that client's behalf).
Engagement with a client
requires establishing an initial relationship with an individual or each person in a group of individuals, regardless of what type of change you seek. During this phase, you can use verbal and nonverbal skills to establish rapport and introduce purpose and role.
Quantitative Research
research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form
Social Worker's Ethical Responsibilities
responsible to the clients, to colleagues, to practice settings, to the profession, and to the broader society.
self-disclosure
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Family Norms
rules that specify what is considered proper behavior within the family group
NASW Code of Ethics
service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, competence
Crock pot method
slow and with low heat) Time: patience with the integration process. Time to adjust: Don't try and force relationships. Time to experience trust, commitment and shared history. Time to find: sense of belonging
Ethics in research
standards based on a set of values that serve to guide one's behavior, what groups you can and can't do studies on. EX: minors, those with cognitive disabilities, prisoners, cannot cause psychological stress or physical harm.
Ethics
standards based on values that serve to guide one's behavior
Case Advocacy
strategies used to attain and secure needed benefits or services on an individual-case basis
Spiritual Lifemap
tells the story of how their religion has impacted them throughout their life
DSM-5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
oppression
the act of keeping someone down through harsh and unjust use of power
clarification
the act of making clear or understandable
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one's own group is superior. This leads members of ethnic groups to view their culture as the best, as superior, as the one that other cultures should adopt. It also leads to prejudice against foreigners, who may be viewed as barbarians, uncultured people, or savages.
Racism
the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities and traits and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
Critical thinking
the careful scrutiny of what is stated as true or what appears to be true and the resulting expression of an opinion or conclusion based on that scrutiny and the creative formulation of an opinion or conclusion when presented with a question, problem, or issue. (Critical thinking stressed how individuals think about the truth in a situation or statement or how they analyze an issue to formulate their own conclusions).
Poverty
the condition of "not having enough money to buy things that are considered necessary and desirable"
Informed Consent
the condition where clients grant permission for the worker to undertake the intervention process after the worker clearly informs clients of all the facts, risks, and alternatives involved.
Confidentiality
the ethical principle workers should not share information provided by a client or about a client unless that worker has the client's explicit permission to do so.
Reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
concurrent validity
the extent to which two measures of the same trait or ability agree
lifespan development
the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire life span
Adjourning Stage
the final stage in group development for temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance
forming stage
the first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group's purpose, structure, and leadership
performing stage
the fourth stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task
Belief
the holding of certain ideas or assent to a set of propositions.
Social Justice
the idea that in a perfect world all citizens would have identical "rights, protection, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits"
Oppression
the longer-term result of putting extreme limitations upon or discrimination against some designated group.
Human rights
the premise that all people, regardless of race, culture, or national origin, are entitled to basic rights and treatment
Spiritual assessment
the process of gathering and organizing spiritually based information into a coherent format that provides that basis for interventions
Empowerment
the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations
civil rights
the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Gather information and evaluate behavior through experiments, psychoanalysis, or psychotherapy.
storming stage
the second stage of group development, which is characterized by intragroup conflict
norming stage
the third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness
Client Satisfaction Questionnaires
to figure out if the services themselves were helpful and in what ways
reflective responding
translating what you think the client is feeling into words
Culturally Competent
understanding a group's cultural values as embodied in its history, rituals, and religion, a group's migration experience or other processes in which the encounter with mainstream culture took place, and the way a group organizes its family systems.
Discrimination
unequal treatment of people based on prejudgment because they belong to some category, such as one involving race, ethnicity, gender, or religion.
predatory lending
unethical practices conducted by lending organizations during a loan origination process that are unfair, deceptive, or fradulent
Nehemiah
was a cupbearer for King Artaxerxes. He was a Christian community developer, with his leadership, his people rebuilt the wall of Jerusalem. Ten Principles that guided Nehemiah's responses to the needs of his people: 1. Prayed before he acted. 2. Sensed God's timing. 3. Counted the costs. 4. Did his homework. 5. Recognized God's control. 6. Identified with his people. 7. Tested his plan. 8. Sought God's continued direction. 9. Inspired a spirit of cooperation. 10. Refused to let his enemies distract him.
Creaming
when only the best candidates are selected for a program to be tested
mortality
when people drop out of a study
Cause Advocacy
work on behalf of groups of people
Macro Practice
work to change the larger social environment so that it benefits individuals and families
Mezzo Practice
working with families and other small groups
Erik Erickson's stages of psychosocial development
◦ trust versus mistrust (0-2) ◦ autonomy versus shame and doubt (2-3) ◦ initiative versus guilt (4-6) ◦ industry versus inferiority (7-12) ◦ identity versus role confusion (13-19) ◦ intimacy versus isolation (20s) ◦ generativity versus stagnation (30s to 50s) ◦ integrity versus despair (60s and beyond)
Spirituality
Three content components to spirituality—values, beliefs, and practice issues. All serving the central dynamic of a person's search for a sense of meaning and purpose, developed in the context of interdependent relationships between self, other people, the nonhuman world, and the ground of being itself.
Spiritual Assessment
Active and ongoing conversation that assesses the spiritual needs of the client
Birth Order Theory
Adler's theory that states that the birth order of a child affected personality because of the amount of attention given to certain children depending on the order in which they are born.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, this declaration defines a "common standard of achievement for all peoples" and forms the foundation of modern human rights law.
Competency 3
Advance Human Rights and Social, Economic, and Environmental Justice
Credentialing
An established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession, or to function as an organization.
Anticipatory Empathy
Before meeting with clients, the clinician thinks about the information available about the clients, anticipates their feelings and reactions, and adjusts his or her ways of interacting accordingly.
Ordinal
Can be logically rank-ordered and still exhaustive and mutually exclusive. EX: Military rank, social class, amount of prejudice: Not prejudice (1) Somewhat (2) Prejudice (3) Very (4)
Termination of Services
(a) Social workers should terminate services to clients and professional relationships with them when such services and relationships are no longer required or no longer serve the clients' needs or interests. (b) Social workers should take reasonable steps to avoid abandoning clients who are still in need of services. Social workers should withdraw services precipitously only under unusual circumstances, giving careful consideration to all factors in the situation and taking care to minimize possible adverse effects. Social workers should assist in making appropriate arrangements for continuation of services when necessary. (c) Social workers in fee-for-service settings may terminate services to clients who are not paying an overdue balance if the financial contractual arrangements have been made clear to the client, if the client does not pose an imminent danger to self or others, and if the clinical and other consequences of the current nonpayment have been addressed and discussed with the client. (d) Social workers should not terminate services to pursue a social, financial, or sexual relationship with a client. (e) Social workers who anticipate the termination or interruption of services to clients should notify clients promptly and seek the transfer, referral, or continuation of services in relation to the clients' needs and preferences. (f) Social workers who are leaving an employment setting should inform clients of appropriate options for the continuation of services and of the benefits and risks of the options.
Evaluation in case management
(pg 527). Evaluation occurs during the intervention phase. It is important to determine if impact goals have been achieved. Another thing that needs to be looked at is outcomes. EX: Did the client get and keep a job? Achievement of many of these goals can be easily assessed because the case manager, significant others, and the client can simply observe results. Other goals are not as observable and require more subjective judgements. Another important evaluation is looking at the resource systems that served the client. Can these provide continued service to the client? Will they need to be increased or improved in some way? Were there problems that have been overcome?
Rephrasing
(v.) expressing something in a different way from the original
A Christian of Grace does not
-Pass judgement because she is conscious of herself as a sinner dependent on grace. -practice direct evangelism or witness unless involved with members of her own faith or people who are seeking a Christian solution to their problems as witnessing is often not good helping. Most people change and grow because they are told that they should. The best witnessing occurs in service responding to the client when the client is ready to deal with spiritual matters.... -Focus on spiritual help rather than tangible concrete help. Christianity is the only religion whose founder prayed for daily bread, and in Matthew 25, Jesus did not say, " I was in need of counseling and you counseled me," but "I was hungry, thirsty and naked." -Ask if someone deserves to be helped. Jesus was more concerned with the character of the person who gives aid than the character of the person who receives aid.
Jan Piaget's Theories
-The Sensorimotor Stage (0-2) -The Preoperational Stage (2-7) -The Concrete Operational Stage (7-11) -The Formal Operational Stage (12+)
group goals
-The desired outcomes of the group that are shared by a sufficient number of the group's members -The group's efforts is mostly aimed at attaining these goals -Group goals provide focus for the group and guidelines for group activities and interactions -Group goals are not a compilation of individual member goals. Members may have diverse goals but attainment of the group goal will facilitate personal goal achievement -Benefits of member participation in group goal setting: 1) a match between members' goals and group's goal(s) 2) increased understanding of the requirements for achievement of the goal(s) 3) increased appreciation of each member's contribution to achieving group's desired outcomes
Competency 4 Practice Behaviors
-Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry -Apply Critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methods and research findings -Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and service delivery
Competency 6 Practice Behaviors
-apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-enviornment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and constituencies -Use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients and constituencies.
OASDHI (Social Security)
-old age, survivors, disabled, health insurance -6.2% of gross pay up to 118,500 annual income, and employer matches that 6.2% to government
Social workers ethical responsibilities to client
1. Commitment to client 2. (Key value) self determination 3.Informed consent 4.Competence 5.cultural competence and social diversity 6. Conflict of interest 7.privacy and confidentiality 8. Access to record 9. Physical contact 10. Deragotory language 11. Client who lacks decision making capacity 12. Service,payment ,interruption and termination of service
Social worker ethical responsibilities to the profession
1. Competence 2. No discrimination 3. Private conduct 4. No Dishonesty, fraud,Deception 5. Impairment 6. Misrepresentation 7. Solicitation 8. Acknowledging credits 9. Social work profession 10. Integrity of the profession11. Evaluation and research.
Tasks in termination
1. Deciding when to terminate the professional worker-client relationship. a. In some situations, we will know exactly when services will end. In other situations, the ending point will be determined depending on when the intervention's objectives have been achieved. 2. Evaluating achievement of objectives. a. One key task is evaluating whether or not the agreed-upon objectives have been achieved. 3. Maintaining and continuing progress. a. The accomplishments that the worker and client system achieved in the helping process must be maintained following termination. 4. Resolving emotional reactions of the worker and client. a. Reactions to termination can range from sorrow to relief or from a sense of loss to an anticipation of relief or from a sense of loss to an anticipation of increased freedom. b. Both worker and client may have emotional reactions that need to be recognized, discussed, and resolved. 5. Making appropriate referrals. a. When the termination process indicates that clients need additional help, the worker must make appropriate referrals.
Competency 10 Practice Behaviors
10.1. Integrate faith into practice in an ethical manner. 10.2. Demonstrate an awareness of religious/non-religious beliefs that are different from one's own.
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
1996—august 22—clinton signed this plan that requires work in exchange for time-limited assistance. The law contains strong work requirements, a performance bonus to reward states for moving welfare recipients into jobs, state maintenance of effort requirements, comprehensive child support enforcement, and supports for families moving from welfare to work. The Highlights: Making welfare a transition to work, promoting responsibility.
Calling
1: Religion: traditions, expressions of faith, scripture, music, creed, theologies, rituals. 2. Faith: Centers of value, images of power combined with spirituality 3. Spirituality: inclusive in religious & non-religious settings. A person's search for meaning and purpose.
written consent
A person knowingly, without duress or coercion, clearly and explicitly consents to the proposed therapy in writing.
family preservation
A policy whereby children are kept with their abusive parents who have undergone intervention rather than being placed in foster care
cohort
A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit.
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Competency 7
Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities
Sigmund Freud
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Professional boundaries
Avoid dual relationships, conflicts of interest, social media contacts. Always take notes.
Social Security Act of 1935
Created both the Social Security Program and a national assistance program for poor children, usually called AFDC.
Generalizing
Draw or state a general conclusion from a number or items or instances, making a statement about what several people or things have in common, finding and extending patterns.
Competency 1
Demonstrate ethical and professional behavior
Erik Erickson
Eight Stages of Human Development - suggested Eight Stages of Human Development based on a crisis or conflict that a person resovles
Competency 2
Engage diversity and difference in practice
Competency 5
Engage in Policy Practice
Competency 4
Engage in practice-informed research and research-informed practice.
Competency 6
Engage with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities
universal programs
Everyone gets the benefit regardless of income ex: public education, Medicare
Is-ought dilemma
Facts, even when attainable, never have any practical or moral implications until they are interpreted through the grid of some sort of value assumptions. "Is" does not lead to "Ought" in any way that has moral binding, obligation, or authority until its relationship to relevant values is understood. And you can't get the values directly from the "Is." We always come down to the question—what is the source and authority of the "Ought" that is claimed or implied.
Medicaid
Federal program that provides medical benefits for low-income persons. Covers doctor, hospital, and other medical services
TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
Financial assistance to the poor that replaced the AFDC program.
LGBTQ
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender. Q stands for queer or questioning.
Competency 10
Integrate faith with practice in an ethical manner
Competency 8
Intervene with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.
Micro Practice
Intervention involving an individual client or practice with family
Competency 1 Practice Behaviors
Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the NASW Code of Ethics. -Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of relevant laws and regulations -Make ethical decisions by utilizing models for ethical decision making -Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior, appearance, and oral, written and electronic communications -Use reflection and self-regulation to manage personal values and maintain professionalism in practice situations. -Use supervison and consultation to guide professional judgement and behavior. -Use technology ethically and appropriately to facilitate practice outcomes.
face validity
Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test.
culturally sensitive
Possessing basic knowledge of and constructive attitudes toward diverse cultural populations
Residual Programs
Provided when the market or family is not equipped to provide necessary assistance
Three elements of the helping profession according to Keith-Lucas
Reality, empathy, and support.
Ratio
Same as interval but has a true zero point. EX: age, income, # of times attending something
Interval
Same as ordinal but levels are definitely equal. EX: Temperature, 60-70 and 70-80 are equal distance
unbiased
Showing no prejudice for or against something; impartial.
Income Maintenance Programs
Social Security programs, unemployment compensation, and welfare programs. Government programs that provides financial assistance to needy people so that they can maintain a certain income level.
NACSW
The North American Association of Christians in social work. -not motivated by money -or status -or power -or security. Their mission is to equip members to integrate Christian faith and professional social work practice
NIMBY (not in my backyard)
Someone who doesn't want something (like a prison or nuclear reactor) to be built near their home, but does not mind if it is built somewhere else.
psychosocial problems
Stigmatization Low self-esteem Social isolation Depression Discrimination in employment, education, and health care
Prejudice
an opinion or prejudgement about an individual, group, or issue that is not based on fact and is usually negative
Validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
content validity
The degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it's supposed to cover.
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Genuineness
The honest, natural, and open expression of yourself. This simply means that you continue to be yourself despite the fact that you are working to accomplish goals in your professional role.
Refugees
individuals forced out of their countries because of human rights violations against them.
predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
For-profit organizations
These are formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services.
closed-ended questions
These do not encourage or even allow for an explanation of why the answer was chosen for an elaboration of thoughts or feelings about the answer. For example: "What is your birthdate?"
Social Welfare
includes the laws and regulations that determine how resources are distributed and what opportunities are made available so that people may lead fruitful and fulfilling lives.
Environmental problems
___________ are conditions in your immediate surroundings affect your level of stress each day. They are one of the four general types of stressors.
faith
a commitment. "an alignment of the will...in accordance with a vision of transcendent value and power, one's ultimate concern. Faith is composed of: centers of value—causes, concerns, or persons that consciously or unconsciously have the greatest worth to us. Images of value—the power with which we align ourselves to sustain in the midst of life's contingencies. The master stories—we tell ourselves and by which we interpret and respond to the events that impige upon our lives.
Medicare
a form of social insurance financed by both employer and employee contributions based on earnings and other federal tax revenues.
Marginalized groups
a group of people who have been relegated to the lower echelons, outer edges, or "margins" of society based on such characteristics as gender, economic status, education, culture, race, religion, ethnicity, or political affiliation. This group is seen as being of little importance by the dominant cultural group.
life course theory
a perspective based on the assumptions that the aging process is shaped by historical time and place; individuals make choices that reflect both opportunities and constraints; aging is a lifelong process; and the relationships, events, and experiences of early life have consequences for later life
empirical questions
a question that can be answered by making objective observations
Literature review
a scholarly research step that entails identifying and studying all existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research
Privileges
a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people.
Sexual assault
a wide range of victimizations, separate from rape or attempted rape. These include attacks for unwanted sexual contact between victim and offender.
Termination
a) Social workers should terminate services to clients and professional relationships with them when such services and relationships are no longer required or no longer serve the clients' needs or interests.(b) Social workers should take reasonable steps to avoid abandoning clients who are still in need of services. Social workers should withdraw services precipitously only under unusual circumstances, giving careful consideration to all factors in the situation and taking care to minimize possible adverse effects. Social workers should assist in making appropriate arrangements for continuation of services when necessary.(c) Social workers in fee-for-service settings may terminate services to clients who are not paying an overdue balance if the financial contractual arrangements have been made clear to the client, if the client does not pose an imminent danger to self or others, and if the clinical and other consequences of the current nonpayment have been addressed and discussed with the client.(d) Social workers should not terminate services to pursue a social, financial, or sexual relationship with a client.(e) Social workers who anticipate the termination or interruption of services to clients should notify clients promptly and seek the transfer, referral, or continuation of services in relation to the clients' needs and preferences.(f) Social workers who are leaving an employment setting should inform clients of appropriate options for the continuation of services and of the benefits and risks of the options.
Types of participatory research
advisory group, focus group, socio-historical analysis, surveys
Post Traumatic Stress
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
informed consent
an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
Family Preservation Philosophy
emphasizes the importance of positive intervention when crisis occurs, so that children need not be placed out of their own homes. A philosophical perspective on family preservation emphasizes seven points. 1. The problem is seen as a social issue. This involves the idea that successful family life can take place only in concerned and supportive communities that have resources to offer opportunities and hope to residents. Maltreatment occurs because of external stresses and pressures on parents. 2. Condemning and punishing parents who maltreat their children do no good. The cause of the problem lies in pressures coming upon parents from the outside environment, these should be the focus of treatment. 3. Intervention should not interfere with the family's dynamics and ongoing activity more than absolutely necessary. 4. Workers should concentrate only on working constructively with the families to ensure a partnership role. 5. Workers can help maltreating families by coordinating their intervention efforts with those of other professionals who can also be used to help the family. 6. Maltreating child caregivers can improve their conduct with support and assistance. 7. Keeping maltreated children within their own families, if at all possible, is best. 8. Clients should always be integrally involved in the intervention. Pg. 226-228 CH7
Responses to clients
encouragement, reflecting, rephrasing, clarification, emphasis on strengths
Planned Change Process
engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination
Competency 9
evaluate practice with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities
Profession of Psychiatry
evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
Behaviors in social work practice that open up relationship building with clients
eye contact, attentive listening, facial expressions, body positioning. Warmth, empathy, and genuineness
biased
favoring one side unduly; prejudiced
AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children)
fed funds, administered by the states, for children living with persons or relatives who fall below state standards of need; extended in the 60s because of divorce rate, babies born out of wedlock, etc; abolished in 1996
Prejudiced nondiscriminatory
feels hostile to other groups but recognizes that law and social pressures are opposed to overt discrimination. Reluctantly, this person does not translate prejudice into action.
Elizabethan Poor Laws
first social welfare policy implemented in colonial America, which outlined the public's responsibility for people who were poor. Government authority to force people to work and family to care for their dependents, local government focal point for providing services to the poor, and strict residency requirements.
Profession of Social Work
focus on any problem, target the external environment for change, advocacy, professional values and ethics, partnerships with clients, adherence to professional standards.
Tuckman Model of Group Development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Populations at risk
groups that experience prejudice, discrimination, and oppression from the dominant group
Ageism
having negative images of and attitudes toward people simply because they are old
SWOT analysis
identifying internal strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) and also examining external opportunities (O) and threats (T)
Gender
in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
