Sociology 101

false consciousness

Karl Marx believed that most people accept the status quo of society and deny the truths that perpetuate inequality. What is the term that he used to describe this concept?

her translation of the work of Auguste Comte into English

Of the following options, which was probably Harriet Martineau's most important contribution to the development of sociology as a discipline?

sociological imagination

According to C. Wright Mills, what is one quality of mind that all great sociologists possess?

proletariat

According to Marx, an individual who makes money exclusively by selling their own labor must be a member of what social group?

difference, interdependence, and individual rights; shared traditions and similar experiences

According to Émile Durkheim, what was the basis for the bonds created through mechanical solidarity in traditional societies?

The lack of political and economic power experienced by women in many societies.

The conflict perspective would most likely try to study an issue like prostitution by first understanding

structural functionalism

Which of the following theories views society as a unit made up of interrelated parts that work together?

symbolic interactionism

Which sociological theory focuses on micro-level interactions?

Karl Marx

Which theorist stated that industrial capitalism is the primary tool for the oppression of the lower social classes?

symbolic interactionism

Which theory about human interaction developed from the groundwork laid by Max Weber's discussion of verstehen (understanding), which emphasizes empathy with individual experiences?

Weberian Theory

Which theory discusses rationalization, or the application of economic logic to all human activity?

the ability to understand the interplay between the self and larger forces

What is the sociological imagination?

symbolic interactionism

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations?

anomie

Émile Durkheim's study on suicide found that not only did suicide rates increase when the economy slumped, they also increased when the economy boomed. Which of Durkheim's concepts explains why both positive and negative economic conditions could increase suicide rates?

paradigm

A set of assumptions, theories, and perspectives that make up a way of understanding social reality is a(n)

acted on her intellectual convictions and applied theory to practical action in the hopes of improving society

Although she made contributions to sociology, Jane Addams is perhaps best remembered for her embrace of praxis, which means that she

organic solidarity

Durkheim discussed how in industrial societies individuals' lives are impacted daily by strangers who provide necessary services such as electricity, water, and food. Which term did he use describe this interdependence?

normlessness or a loss of connections to the social world

Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life lead to anomie. What is anomie?

postmodernism

If a sociologist is critical of what they call "grand narratives," which theoretical perspective do they most likely believe in?

functionalist

In a macro study of education, the ______ perspective would look at the role that schools play in maintaining the solidarity of the social system as a whole, how education provides the young with skills they need later in life, and how it transmits cultural values from one generation to the next, keeping society running smoothly.

examines large-scale social structures to see how they affect individual lives; examines interactions between individuals and how those interactions reflect larger societal patterns

Macrosociology is an approach that

bureaucracies

Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions?

the application of economic logic to all aspects of social life

Max Weber believed that society became increasingly rationalized as the Industrial Revolution progressed. How did he define rationalization?

iron cage

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and TheSpirit of Capitalism discusses the origin of the capitalist system. In this work he addresses how people are trapped by the bureaucratic structure of society; what did he refer to this entrapment as?

a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

Structural functionalist theory is concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure?

Meaning is negotiated through the interaction with others

Symbolic interactionism argues that people act toward others based on the meaning they assign to a situation. According to this perspective, how does meaning arise?

the ability to understand to understand the interplay between the self and larger social forces

What is the social imagination?

conflict between social groups

What did Karl Marx state is the catalyst for social change?

The self is shaped by society, but society is also shaped by the self.

What is the relationship between the self and society according to symbolic interactionism?

structural functionalism

What sociological theory discusses how a stable system of structures contribute to the equilibrium of society as a whole?

Auguste Comte

Which early social theorist sought to bring the scientific method to the discipline of sociology?

Your roommate

You and your roommate are arguing over the reason she does not have enough money to pay the rent this month. You tell her she can't budget her money and that she has a spending problem. She tells you that everyone she knows who commutes to work is having money problems because the cost of gas has gone up, and also, due to the bad economy, her workplace has stopped giving raises. Which one of you is using the sociological imagination?

symbolic interactionism

You examine how people make meaning on the micro level. For example, you study how the clothing and jewelry people wear indicates to others how much wealth they have. Which theoretical perspective are you drawing from?

Capitalism

_______ is the economic system that emerged during the Industrial Revolution.