Sociology Chapter 3
. A nation's flag is: a. A symbol b. A value c. A culture d. A folkway
a. a symbol
10. Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: a. Establishes leaders b. Determines language c. Regulates behavior d. Determines laws
c. regulates behavior
Sapir-Whort hypothesis
the way that people understand the world based on their form of language
discoveries
things and ideas found from what already exists
That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of: a. globalization b. diffusion c. culture lag d. xenocentrism
a. globalization
Modern-day hipsters are an example of: a. ethnocentricity b. counterculture c. subculture d. high culture
c. subculture
The belief that one's culture is inferior to another culture is called: a. ethnocentrism b. nationalism c. xenocentrism d. imperialism
c. xenocentrism
informal norms
casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to
The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom? a. Symbols b. Language c. Material culture d. Nonmaterial culture
d. nonmaterial culture
formal norms
established, written rules
culture
shared beliefs, values, and practices
beliefs
tenets or convictions that people hold to be true
high culture
the cultural patterns of a society's elite
culture lag
the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture's acceptance of it
xenocentrism
a belief that another culture is superior to one's own
inventions
a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms
values
a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society
language
a symbolic system of communication
sanctions
a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors
social control
a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms
11. An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________. a. Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners b. medical marijuana; film noir c. country music; pop music d. political theory; sociological theoy
a. Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners
The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism
a. Symbolic interactionism
The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture? a. Counterculture b. Subculture c. Multiculturalism d. Afrocentricity
a. counterculture
. Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of: a. culture shock b. imperialism c. ethnocentrism d. xenocentrism
a. culture shock
8. The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that a. mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture b. mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary c. mores refer to material culture, whereas folkways refer to nonmaterial culture d. mores refer to nonmaterial culture, whereas folkways refer to material culture
a. mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being common place with culture
culture shook
an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life
9. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: a. linguistics b. Sapir-Whorf c. Ethnographic imagery d. bilingualism
b. Sapif-Whorf
The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. a. imperialism and relativism b. culture and society c. society and ethnocentrism d. ethnocentrism and xenocentrism
b. culture and society
The major difference between invention and discovery is: a. Invention is based on technology, whereas discovery is usually based on culture b. Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way c. Invention refers to material culture, whereas discovery can be material or theoretic, like laws of physics d. Invention is typically used to refer to international objects, whereas discovery refers to that which is local to one's culture
b. discovery involves finding something that already exsts, but invention puts things together in a new way
The "American Dream"—the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough—is most commonly associated with which sociological theory? a. Sociobiology b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism
b. functionalism
What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts? a. Sociobiology b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism
b. functionalism
A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Functionalism c. Conflict theory d. Ethnocentrism
c. conflict theory
The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity. a. values b. sanctions c. social control d. mores
c. social control
some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to: a. cultural lag b. innovation c. discovery d. globalization
d. globalization
Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. xenocentrism d. universalism
d. universalism
folkways
direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture
globalization
established, written rules
symbols
gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture
countercultures
groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted cultural patterns
cultural imperialism
groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted cultural patterns
subcultures
groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society's majority, even as the members exist within a larger society
popular culture
mainstream, widespread patterns among a society's population
inovations
new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time
cultural universals
patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies
society
people who live in a definable community and who share a culture
nonmaterial culture
the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society
norms
the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society
mores
the moral views and principles of a group
material culture
the objects or belongings of a group of peopl
cultural relativism
the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture
ethnocentrism
the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture
diffusion
the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another
ideal culture
the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to
real culture
the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists
