Sociology chapter 9 - Gender and Sexuality
Symbolic Interaction-ism approach to gender inequality
Gender is learned though the process of socialization; gender inequalities are reproduced though interactions with family, peers, schools, and the media.
Constructionist would say
Gender is socially determined
Second wave
Equal rights in employment and education
Peers
Guide to games with others, play with the same sex
Essentialist would say
Gender is genetic or biological and therefore cannot be changed.
Symbolic interactionist
gender inequality is a social contribution that emerges through day-to-day interactions and reflects people's gender role expectations. / the social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.
functionalist
gender roles are complementary, equally important for a society's survival, and affect human capital / agreed-on sexual norms contribute to a society's order and stability.
Conflict
gender roles give men power to control women's lives instead of allowing the sexes to be complementary ans equally important / most societies regulate women's, but nit men's, behavior.
Gender identity
our awareness of ourselves as male or females and the ways that we express our sexual values, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs.
Media
shows how to behave, dress ext..
social learning theory
the process of learning behaviors and meaning though social interaction
Gender inequality
Unequal treatment based on gender
Feminist theories
agree with conflict theories that gender stratification benefits men and capitalism.
sexism
an attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex, usually females, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.
Number of intersexed babies and reactions toward them
7 in 1000, treating and unacceptable
Third wave
Diversity
Conflict theory approach to gender inequality
Division of labor in families, males have had more access to resources and privileges. Men are more dominate
Feminism
Men and woman should be equal
Roles of family
Primary source of socialization, girls are cooks, guys are workers
First wave
Right to vote
Functionalist approach to gender inequality
Sex determines which roles men and women are best suited for; its more appropriate for men to play instrumental roles and for women to play expressive roles.
Feminization of poverty
The fact that women are more likely to be in poverty
Gender role socialization
The lifelong process of learning to be a man or a women.
What problem did Betty Friedan address in The Ferminine Mystique?
The sense of limitation and dissatisfaction that women felt within their life time.
Feminist
Women's inequality reflects their historical and current domination by men, especially in the workplace / many men use violence---including sexual harassment, rape, and global sex trafficking---to control women's sexuality.
gender stereotypes
expectations about how people will look, act, think, and feel based on their sex.
Symbolic interactionism
focus on the everyday processes that produce and reinforce gender roles.
gender stratification
people's unequal access to wealth, power, status, prestige, and other valued resources because of their sex.
gender
refers to learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men. It is based on social and cultural expectations rather than on physical traits.
Conflict theory
see gender inequality as built into the social structure, both within and outside the home.
sex
the biological characteristics with which we are born-- chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, and other physical and physiological attributes.
gender roles
the characteristics, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors, that society expects of females and males.
Functionalism
view women and men as having distinct roles that ensure a family's and society survival.