Sociology Exam #2
Thomas Theorem
"If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences."
The process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the "looking-glass self," was developed by ________.
Charles Horton Cooley
All master statuses are achieved statuses.
False
Because of the power of peers and social institutions, we are all prisoners of socialization.
False
Mead's theory of personal development is based on the image that we present to those around us, the reactions of these people, and way that we interpret these reactions.
False
Mead describes the active, creative, and spontaneous part of the self as the ________.
I
Which statement regarding status is most accurate?
Status provides the guidelines for how we are to act and feel.
Which of the following statements best describes how stereotypes affect our interaction with others when we first meet?
Stereotypes are the assumptions we make that can become self-fulfilling prophecies.
What are the starting and stopping points of the development of the self during the life course?
The self-concept begins at birth and continues as a life-long process until death
Jane is a 49-year-old woman of Irish-German descent. What do these characteristics have in common?
These are examples of her ascribed statuses.
Conflict theorists and functionalists would most likely focus on such things as social class and group relationships and would use the macrosociological approach.
True
Stereotypes deeply influence how we react to one another.
True
status inconsistency
a mismatch between statuses
total institution
a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society
status set
all of the statuses or positions that you occupy
degradation ceremony
an attempt to remake the self by stripping away the individual's current identity and stamping a new one in its place
organic solidarity
based on interdependence
roles
behaviors, obligations, privileges attached to a status
group
consists of people who regularly and consciously interact with one another; they may share similar values, norms, and expectations
master status
cuts across the other statuses you hold
achieved status
earned
impression management
efforts to manage the impressions that others receive of us
What term is used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children, such as the "wild boy of Aveyron"?
feral
mass media
forms of communication directed to large audiences
The Smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy Dick a Tonka truck and Jane a Barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of ________ by parents.
gender socialization
What term would Mead use to refer to the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of the public?
generalized others
Gesellschaft
impersonal association in the new type of society
peer groups
individuals of roughly the same age with common interests
Gemeinschaft
intimate community that describes village life
ascribed status
involuntary
social class
large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income, education, and prestige
resocialization
learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors that match a new situation in life; It occurs each time we learn something contrary to our previous experiences.
A focus on the broad features of society to analyze such things as social class and how groups relate to one another is called ________.
macrosociology
Individuals who are approximately the same age and are linked by common interests, including friends, classmates, and the "kids in the neighborhood," are most appropriately referred to as ________.
peers
agents of socialization
people and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors
Hilda is studying at the library. She has placed her coat on the chair next to her and has spread books in front of the other chairs. Hilda is trying to extend her ________ so others do not invade it.
personal space
macrosociology
places the focus on broad features of society; conflict theory and functionalists use macrosociology; the goal is to examine large scale social forces that influence people
culture
refers to a group's language, beliefs, values, behaviors, material objects, and even gestures; broadest framework that determines what kind of person we become
When young people enter college as resident students, they must learn new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. This is an example of ________.
resocialization
status symbols
signs that identify a status
Dramaturgy
social life is like a drama or a stage play
The social construction of reality
society and life experiences define what is real
Bumper stickers such as "Proud Parent of an Honor Student" and "Warning: This Driver Convicted of DUI" are best described as being ________.
status symbols
social cohesion
the degree to which members of a society feel united by shared values and other bonds
microsociology
the emphasis is placed on social interaction
social structure
the framework of society that was already laid out before you were born; guides our behavior; cause of differences, not biology
social institutions
the means that each society develops to meet its basic needs; family, religion, law, politics, economics, education, medicine, science, and the military
status
the position that an individual occupies
socialization
the social group into which we are born transmits norms and values and restrain our biological drive
Ethnomethodology
the study of how people do things; the study of how people use commonsense understandings to get through everyday life
gender socialization
the ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female
Mechanical solidarity
unity or shared task/life
The difference between status and role is that ________.
we occupy a status that is a social position, but we play a role that is a social expectation
status vs. role
you occupy a status, you play a role
Background assumptions
your ideas about the way life is and the way things ought to work