Sociology Final
The "bureaucratization" stage of a social movement
-3rd stage -successful social movement are eventually incorporated into institutions that become bureaucratized, and become social institutions
"Buy nothing day" might best be described as a what type of social movement?
-Adbusters- an anti consumerist group of founded in Vancouver in 1989, promotes Buy Nothing Day "as a day for society of examine the issue of over consumption" -Mobilizing resources? -Social change?
Social construction of health and illness
-Allows us to see how the meaning of disease can change overtime -"Figure out" the cause of diseases and produce new treatments every few years -Every new discovery changes our perception of illness (especially mental illness)
What do sociologists ask you to consider regarding health and illness?
How larger social forces help to shape this institution and your own experience of health or illness
Cultural Competence
The concept of acknowledging and incorporating a patient's culture back group as part of the treatment process; the recognition that patients' beliefs shape their approach to health care
Civil rights movement- why don't the poor participate in social movements more often?
The consequences of participation may be too high, and they may not have the resources necessary to join in
Cultural diffusion
The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another
Globalization
The increasing connections between economic, social, and political systems all over the globe
Cultural leveling
The process by which societies lose their uniqueness, becoming increasingly similar
Medicalization
The process by which some behaviors or conditions that were once seen as personal problems are redefined as medical issues
Bioethics
The study of controversial moral or ethical issues related to scientific and medial advancements
Social change
The transformation of a culture over time
Preventive medicine
Type of health care that aims to avoid or forestall the onset of disease by taking preventive measures, often including lifestyle changes
Palliative care
Type of health care that focuses on symptom and pain relief and providing a supportive environment for critically ill or dying patients, rather than fighting the illness or disease
Curative or Crisis medicine
Type of health care that treats the disease or condition once it has manifested
Cultural lag
the time between changes in material culture or technology and the resulting changes in the broader culture's relevant normals, values, meanings, and laws
What does the American Medical Association do?
-An organization that makes health recommendations on topics such as childhood obesity and cancer prevention to benefit the general public. -Physicians know AMA as a trade union that creates the rules and regulations governing medical licensure.
How did Marshal McLuhan believe that the world would turn into a "global village"?
-Describes the way that new communication technologies override barriers of space and time, joining together people all over the globe. -internet
What was the purpose of the 1965 Voting Rights act?
-Give colored people the right to vote (especially the colored women) -White women got the right to vote in 1919, but black women did not
Health and intersections of class, race, and gender (understand intersections- test scenarios)
-Men- Tend to work in more dangerous occupations and engage in more risky lifestyle behaviors than women. They are also more likely to avoid preventive health care regardless of their level of SES. In addition, men are more likely to get stokes and heart disease. -Women- More likely to suffer mental health disorders -Higher SES- Longer life expectancy, better access to preventive health care, cleaner neighborhoods, better nutrition accessible, and tend to feel well. -Lower SES- May have little regular access to health-care providers, have trouble affording prescriptions and treatments, less nutritious foods available, higher incidences of depression and other mental illness. -AA- higher rates of death and disease and a shorter life expectancy than whites. Less likely to be able to afford health insurance. -Hispanics- Less likely to be able to afford health insurance than whites. -Concierge medicine- Upper class can pay to have their own private doctor come to their house and treat them. This means no one will know they are feeling down/ have an illness if they don't want them to. PRIVACY
People with higher socioeconomic status can expect to live longer lives for all the following reasons- remember the intersection of health and SES.
-Nicer, cleaner neighborhoods -More access to preventative medicines -More likely to be able to afford health insurance -More likely to have access to more nutritious foods -Less likely to have stress lead them to participate in risky behaviors
Talcott Parsons and the sick role
-The actions and attitudes the society expects from someone who is ill -Being ill is deviant (functionalist), and that person is exempt from regular responsibilities. -By seeking out a physicians help (new responsibility) the person will no longer be deviant
Cosmopolitan social movement
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Health and the problems of food deserts (understand- test scenarios)
A community in which residents have little or no access to fresh, affordable, healthy foods, usually located in densely populated, urban areas
Alternative medicine
A group of medical treatments, practices, and products that are used instead of conventional western medicine
Complementary medicine
A group of medical treatments, practices, and products that can be used in conduction with conventional western medicine
Social dilemmas
A situation in which behavior that is rational for the individual can, when practiced by many people, lead to collective disaster
Crowd
A temporary gathering of individuals, whether spontaneous or planned, who share a common focus
Modernity
A term that characterizes industrialized societies, including the decline of tradition, an increase in individualism, and a belief in profess, technology, and science
Postmodernism
A term that characterizes postindustrial societies, including a focus on the production and management of information and skepticism of science and technology
Technological determinism
A theory of social change that assumes changes in technology drive changes in society, rather than vice versa
Relative deprivation theory (definition and be able to apply)
A theory of social movements that focuses on the action sod oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in the society
Resource mobilization theory (definition and be able to apply)
A theory of social movements that focuses on the practical constraints that help or hinder social movements' action
Public goods dilemma
A type of social dilemma in which individuals incur the cost to contribute to a collective resource, though they may never benefit from that resource
Tragedy of the commons
A type of social dilemma in which many individuals' overexploitation of a public resource depletes or degrades that common resource
Interest group
An organized group that tries to influence the government to adopt certain policies or procedures
Vector organisms
Animals like mosquitoes, ticks, and birds that carry and spread pathogens (germs or other infectious agents) in a given area
Collective behavior
Behavior that follows from the formation of a group or crowd of people who take action together toward a shared goal
People of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be scrutinized as problem drinkers or drug addicts. Which theory takes this approach to understanding addiction?
Conflict theory
Riot
Continuous disorderly behavior by a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed toward other people and/or property
Cultural imperialism
Cultural influence caused by adopting another culture's products
Chronic illness
Diseases that develop over a longer period of time and may not be detected until symptoms occur later in their progression
Acute illness
Diseases that have a sudden onset, may be briefly incapacitating, and are either curable or fatal
Fad
Interests or practices followed enthusiastically for a relatively short period of time
Pandemic
Occurs when a significantly higher number of cases of a disease also spreads through an especially large geographical region spanning many countries or even continents
Epidemic
Occurs when a significantly higher number of cases of a particular disease occur during a particular time period than might otherwise be expected
Contagion theory (apply the concepts to direct questions)
One of the earliest theories of collective action; suggested that individuals who joined a crowd could become "infected" by a mob mentality and love the ability to reason (bad)
Drugs an alcohol are used as an escape from the strains of the social system. Which theory takes this approach to understanding addiciton?
Structural functionalism
Epidemiologists
Study disease patterns to understand the cause of illnesses, how they are spread, and what interventions to take
Jorge has learned that he has a mental illness. Since then, he has begun to act according to the illness, in ways that he thinks other expect someone with a mental illness to act. Which one of the major theories would explain this?
Symbolic interactionism
Regressive or reactionary social movements
Term describing resistance to particular social changes, efforts to maintain the status quo, or attempts to reestablish an earlier form of social order
Integrative medicine
The combination of conventional medicine with complementary practices and treatments that have proven to be safe and effective
Deprivation amplification
When our individual disease risks (based on our heredity and physiology) are amplified by social factors. Example- AA is hereditarily more at risk of developing diabetes than a white person, and they are living in poverty. Eating unhealthy, fried, cheap foods will increase her risk of developing diabetes even more